An approach to the construction of gender in arhaeology through the case study of la paya. An histotiographical review

Como ha ocurrido en otros ámbitos de las ciencias sociales, la arqueología en Argentina ha mantenido un dispar interés en los estudios de género, que se ve reflejado tanto en lo que hace a una revisión historiográfica acerca de la construcción interpretativa como a la búsqueda de evidencias materiales acerca de la diversidad de género en las sociedades pasadas. Este trabajo busca acercarse críticamente a la primera de estas líneas de análisis mediante un caso de estudio, el de los sepulcros de La Paya (Valle Calchaquí Norte, provincia de Salta) cuya interpretación fue publicada por Ambrosetti en 1907 con el fin de comprender cómo las categorías de femenino y masculino en sentido amplio fueron construidas a inicios del desarrollo de la arqueología como disciplina científica. Compuesto de 161 contextos mortuorios con restos óseos humanos de adultos, nos proponemos indagar a partir de qué evidencias materiales Ambrosetti identificó el género de los individuos presentes en las tumbas, viendo las asociaciones de artefactos a géneros específicos y preguntándonos si dichas asociaciones pudieron estar influenciadas por ideas de su época acerca de los roles femenino y masculino que no necesariamente se condicen con las sociedades prehispánicas del área.As it has occurred in other areas of social sciences, archaeology in Argentina has maintained a disparate interest in gender studies, which is reflected both in regard to a historiographical review about the interpretive construction as in the search for material evidences about the gender diversity in the past societies. This paper seeks to approach critically the first of these lines of analysis through a case study, the tombs of La Paya (Valle Calchaquí Norte, Province of Salta), whose interpretation was published by Ambrosetti in 1907, in order to understand how the categories of female and male were constructed in the early development of archaeology as a scientific discipline. Comprising 161 burials with human bones of adults, we study the material evidence Ambrosetti used to identify the gender of these individuals, looking for the associations between artifacts and specific genders. We consider whether these associations could have been influenced by ideas of his time about female and male roles that are not necessarily related to pre-Hispanic societies of the area.Fil: Gluzman, Geraldine Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de las Culturas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Museo Etnográfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti"; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Florencia Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef retail markets from Argentina

Shiga toxing-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that cause mild or serious diseases and can lead to people death. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 and non-O157 in commercial ground beef and environmental samples, including meat table, knife, meat mincing machine and manipulator hands (n= 450) obtained from 90 retail markets over a nine-month period. The STEC isolates were serotyped and virulence genes as stx (Shiga toxin), rfbO157 (O157 lipopolysaccharide), fliCH7 (H7 flagellin), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin) and saa (STEC autoagglutinating adhesin), were determined. STEC O157 were identified in 23 (25.5%) beef samples and 16 (4.4%) environmental samples, while STEC non-O157 were present in 47 (52.2%) and 182 (50.5%), respectively. Among 54 strains isolated, 17 were STEC O157:H7 and 37 were STEC non-O157. The prevalent genotype for O157 was stx2/eae/ehxA/fliCH7 (83.4%), and for STEC non-O157 the most frequent ones were stx1/stx2/saa/ehxA (29.7%); stx2 (29.7%); and stx2/saa/ehxA (27%). None of the STEC non-O157 strains were eae-positive. Besides O157:H7, other 20 different serotypes were identified, being O8:H19, O178:H19 and O174:H28 the prevalent. Strains belonging to the same serotype could be isolated from different sources of the same retail market. Also, the same serotype could be detected in different stores. In conclusion, screening techniques are increasingly sensitive, but the isolation of STEC non-O157 is still a challenge. Moreover, with the results obtained from the present work, although more studies are needed, cross-contamination between meat and the environment could be suspected.Fil: Brusa, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Aliverti, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Aliverti, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Emanuel Eneas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: de la Torre, Julian Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Linares, Luciano Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Sanz, Marcelo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverría, Analía Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Padola, Nora Lía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Galli, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Peral Garcia, Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Copes, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; ArgentinaFil: Leotta, Gerardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentin

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in beef retail markets from Argentina

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that cause mild or serious diseases and can lead to people death. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 and non-O157 in commercial ground beef and environmental samples, including meat table, knife, meat mincing machine, and manipulator hands (n = 450) obtained from 90 retail markets over a nine-month period. The STEC isolates were serotyped and virulence genes as stx (Shiga toxin), rfbO157] (O157 lipopolysaccharide), fliCH7 (H7 flagellin), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin) and saa (STEC autoagglutinating adhesin), were determined. STEC O157 were identified in 23 (25.5%) beef samples and 16 (4.4%) environmental samples, while STEC non-O157 were present in 47 (52.2%) and 182 (50.5%), respectively. Among 54 strains isolated, 17 were STEC O157:H7 and 37 were STEC non-O157. The prevalent genotype for O157 was stx2/eae/ehxA/fliCH7 (83.4%), and for STEC non-O157 the most frequent ones were stx1/stx2/saa/ehxA (29.7%); stx2 (29.7%); and stx2/saa/ehxA (27%). None of the STEC non-O157 strains were eae-positive. Besides O157:H7, other 20 different serotypes were identified, being O8:H19, O178:H19, and O174:H28 the prevalent. Strains belonging to the same serotype could be isolated from different sources of the same retail market. Also, the same serotype could be detected in different stores. In conclusion, screening techniques are increasingly sensitive, but the isolation of STEC non-O157 is still a challenge. Moreover, with the results obtained from the present work, although more studies are needed, cross-contamination between meat and the environment could be suspected.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in beef retail markets from Argentina

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that cause mild or serious diseases and can lead to people death. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 and non-O157 in commercial ground beef and environmental samples, including meat table, knife, meat mincing machine, and manipulator hands (n = 450) obtained from 90 retail markets over a nine-month period. The STEC isolates were serotyped and virulence genes as stx (Shiga toxin), rfbO157] (O157 lipopolysaccharide), fliCH7 (H7 flagellin), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin) and saa (STEC autoagglutinating adhesin), were determined. STEC O157 were identified in 23 (25.5%) beef samples and 16 (4.4%) environmental samples, while STEC non-O157 were present in 47 (52.2%) and 182 (50.5%), respectively. Among 54 strains isolated, 17 were STEC O157:H7 and 37 were STEC non-O157. The prevalent genotype for O157 was stx2/eae/ehxA/fliCH7 (83.4%), and for STEC non-O157 the most frequent ones were stx1/stx2/saa/ehxA (29.7%); stx2 (29.7%); and stx2/saa/ehxA (27%). None of the STEC non-O157 strains were eae-positive. Besides O157:H7, other 20 different serotypes were identified, being O8:H19, O178:H19, and O174:H28 the prevalent. Strains belonging to the same serotype could be isolated from different sources of the same retail market. Also, the same serotype could be detected in different stores. In conclusion, screening techniques are increasingly sensitive, but the isolation of STEC non-O157 is still a challenge. Moreover, with the results obtained from the present work, although more studies are needed, cross-contamination between meat and the environment could be suspected.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in beef retail markets from Argentina

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that cause mild or serious diseases and can lead to people death. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 and non-O157 in commercial ground beef and environmental samples, including meat table, knife, meat mincing machine, and manipulator hands (n = 450) obtained from 90 retail markets over a nine-month period. The STEC isolates were serotyped and virulence genes as stx (Shiga toxin), rfbO157] (O157 lipopolysaccharide), fliCH7 (H7 flagellin), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin) and saa (STEC autoagglutinating adhesin), were determined. STEC O157 were identified in 23 (25.5%) beef samples and 16 (4.4%) environmental samples, while STEC non-O157 were present in 47 (52.2%) and 182 (50.5%), respectively. Among 54 strains isolated, 17 were STEC O157:H7 and 37 were STEC non-O157. The prevalent genotype for O157 was stx2/eae/ehxA/fliCH7 (83.4%), and for STEC non-O157 the most frequent ones were stx1/stx2/saa/ehxA (29.7%); stx2 (29.7%); and stx2/saa/ehxA (27%). None of the STEC non-O157 strains were eae-positive. Besides O157:H7, other 20 different serotypes were identified, being O8:H19, O178:H19, and O174:H28 the prevalent. Strains belonging to the same serotype could be isolated from different sources of the same retail market. Also, the same serotype could be detected in different stores. In conclusion, screening techniques are increasingly sensitive, but the isolation of STEC non-O157 is still a challenge. Moreover, with the results obtained from the present work, although more studies are needed, cross-contamination between meat and the environment could be suspected.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for anomalous production of events with three or more leptons in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons is presented. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb-1 of proton-proton collisions with center-of-mass energy s=8TeV, was collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data are divided into exclusive categories based on the number of leptons and their flavor, the presence or absence of an opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pair (OSSF), the invariant mass of the OSSF pair, the presence or absence of a tagged bottom-quark jet, the number of identified hadronically decaying τ leptons, and the magnitude of the missing transverse energy and of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The numbers of observed events are found to be consistent with the expected numbers from standard model processes, and limits are placed on new-physics scenarios that yield multilepton final states. In particular, scenarios that predict Higgs boson production in the context of supersymmetric decay chains are examined. We also place a 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.3% on the branching fraction for the decay of a top quark to a charm quark and a Higgs boson (t→cH), which translates to a bound on the left- and right-handed top-charm flavor-violating Higgs Yukawa couplings, λtcH and λctH, respectively, of |λtcH|2+|λctH|2<0.21

"A la luz de los datos..." de un análisis antracológico en la costa norte de Patagonia (Río Negro)

This paper presents the general characteristics of this research aimed to studying the mechanisms used to collect wood by hunter-gatherers, living on the northern shore of San Matías gulf during the last six thousand years. The collected wood was used to build fires where these groups would crack the shells of the collected shellfish. This paper also shows a synthesis of the first results obtained in three archaeological localities. The results obtained through the charcoal analysis will be discussed taking into account the new data available through pollen analysis. The aim is to evaluate the mechanisms applied to the collection of firewood used during the environmental conditions depicted through the palynological techniques. These mechanisms range from a �random gathering� to a thorough �selection� of the wood types according to the properties that make them optimal to be used as fuel.En este trabajo se indagan los mecanismos de recolección de leñas destinadas al encendido de fuegos, utilizadas por los cazadores-recolectores que habitaron la costa norte del golfo San Matías (Río Negro) durante el Holoceno Medio-Tardío. Se sintetizan los primeros resultados obtenidos a partir de análisis antracológicos de carbones arqueológicos recuperados en concheros ubicados en tres de las localidades arqueológicas que componen dicha investigación. Luego, a la luz de los datos aportados por nuevas líneas de evidencia como la palinología, se replantean hipótesis previas y se presentan los datos a ser discutidos en el escenario ambiental delineado a partir de los análisis polínicos. Por último, se evalúa qué tipo de estrategias �en un rango que se extiende desde la recolección azarosa hasta la selección de un determinado taxón� utilizaron estos grupos para la recolección de combustible vegetal

Systematic Review on Family Functioning in Families of Children With Rare Diseases

The present study is a systematic review of the research on family functioning in families who have a child with a rare disease. The research was carried out using the databases Pubmed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the 460 articles initially found, a total of 49 articles made up the final sample. The following topics regarding family functioning were identified: impact of diagnosis; caregiver’s role and responsibilities; family functioning; impact on the emotional sphere; effects on marital and social life; coping strategies; family, and care and health system. The results of this study may provide justification for considering factors associated with family functioning when diagnosing a rare disease and deciding on treatment

Nivells de qualitat de vida en nens, adolescents i adults amb discapacitat i en el seu sistema familiar, durant la pandèmia per COVID-19 en una mostra llatinoamericana

Este estudio se propuso describir la calidad de vida de niños y adultos con discapacidad, así como la calidad de vida de su sistema familiar en una muestra de Latinoamérica. Se utilizaron los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y PedsQL 4.0. Los resultados mostraron una baja calidad de vida de todos los grupos estudiados, principalmente en la dimensión social para adultos y niños, y en las dimensiones de preocupaciones y actividades diarias para su familia. Esta población parecería verse particularmente afectada durante la pandemia por COVID-19This study aimed to describe the quality of life of children and adults with disabilities, as well as the quality of life of their family system in a Latin American sample. The WHOQOL-BREF and PedsQL 4.0 instruments were used. The results showed low quality of life for all groups studied, mainly in the social dimension for adults and children, and in the dimensions of concerns and daily activities for their families. This population seems to be particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.Aquest estudi es va proposar descriure la qualitat de vida de nens i adults amb discapacitat, així com la qualitat de vida del seu sistema familiar a Llatinoamèrica. Es van utilitzar els instruments WHOQOL-BREF i PedsQL 4.0. Els resultats van mostrar una baixa qualitat de vida de tots els grups estudiats, principalment en la dimensió social per a adults i nens, i en les dimensions de preocupacions i activitats diàries per a la família. Aquesta població semblaria veure's particularment afectada durant la pandèmia per COVID-19.Fil: Ortega, Javiera. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Victoria. Fundación de Psicología Aplicada a Enfermedades Huérfanas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Pozo Gowland, Rafael. Fundación de Psicología Aplicada a Enfermedades Huérfanas; Argentina. Talleres de Rehabilitación en Salud Mentas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Camila Andrea. Fundación de Psicología Aplicada a Enfermedades Huérfanas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; Argentina. Asociación Síndrome de Down de la República Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Assalone, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; ArgentinaFil: Moya, Graciela. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Bioética; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina. Fundación de Psicología Aplicada a Enfermedades Huérfanas; Argentin