SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOL-2-ONE DERIVATIVES

For the development of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry is essential to optimize and change relevant structures, possessing biological activity. Herein we report the synthesis of some novel 1H-benzimidazolon-2-one derivatives using aza-Michael addition.For the development of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry is essential to optimize and change relevant structures, possessing biological activity. Herein we report the synthesis of some novel 1H-benzimidazolon-2-one derivatives using aza-Michael addition

SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF SOME NEW 1H-BENZIMIDAZOLES

Novel derivatives of 1H-benzimidazole which combine into a single molecule two pharmacophores – the benzimidazole and piperazine rings possessing antihelmintic activity have been synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis techniques.The compounds exhibited remarkable effect on the viability of isolated Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in in vitro model at a dose of 100 μg/ml after 24 h. The results obtained by the hepatotoxicity test showed that compound 4 had the lowest hepatotoxity.Novel derivatives of 1H-benzimidazole which combine into a single molecule two pharmacophores – the benzimidazole and piperazine rings possessing antihelmintic activity have been synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis techniques.The compounds exhibited remarkable effect on the viability of isolated Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in in vitro model at a dose of 100 μg/ml after 24 h. The results obtained by the hepatotoxicity test showed that compound 4 had the lowest hepatotoxity

(Z)-2-(4-Chloro­benzyl­idene)benzo[d]thia­zolo[3,2-a]imidazol-3(2H)-one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H9ClN2OS, is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the thia­zolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole ring system and the 4-chloro­phenyl ring being 2.10 (5)°. An intra­molecular C—H⋯S inter­action generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are stacked into columns along the b axis by π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6495 (7)–3.9546 (8) Å

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere1. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe2. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe3, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results\u2014arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far\u2014suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century4,5, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results—arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far—suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management

Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focussed on process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come

Synthesis Of Some Novel Benzimidazol-2-one Derivatives

For the development of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry is essential to optimize and change relevant structures, possessing biological activity. Herein we report the synthesis of some novel 1H-benzimidazolon-2-one derivatives using aza-Michael addition