Prática de ensino supervisionada e investigação sobre a interdisciplinaridade no 1º ciclo do ensino básico

O presente relatório final de estágio visa dois objetivos essenciais: fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada realizada durante o segundo e terceiro semestres de Mestrado e, também, analisar as perceções dos professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB) relativamente à interdisciplinaridade. Para isso, recorremos ao material por nós elaborado ao longo do estágio, bem como a autores de referência e à legislação em vigor, com a finalidade de refletirmos sobre as nossas práticas e também perceber a forma com a interdisciplinaridade é percecionada e concretizada pelos professores do 1.º CEB. Em termos empíricos, realizámos uma investigação de caráter descritivo, com recurso ao inquérito por questionário. O instrumento, elaborado para o efeito, foi aplicado a professores a lecionarem num agrupamento de escolas do concelho de Viseu. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que, em geral, os professores entendem a interdisciplinaridade na linha do que Pombo et al. (1994) referenciam, designadamente, como um intercâmbio e integração recíprocos entre as várias disciplinas, de que resulta um enriquecimento de todas elas; e também na perspetiva de Japiassu (1976, citado por Aires, 2011, p. 218), como um processo em que há interação e correspondente influência de umas disciplinas sobre as outras. A interdisciplinaridade é considerada como bastante importante ou muito importante, pela maioria dos docentes inquiridos e é tida em conta nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores deste ciclo, estando incluída na maior parte dos Planos de Turma

O perfil semiológico do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta

OBJETIVO: O seguinte estudo objetivou descrever a semiologia do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta, considerando como determinante na avaliação de potencias focos hemorrágicos. METODOLOGIA: Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas do SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar,utilizando os descritores gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcerous disease e varicose hemorrhage, sendo identificados 35 estudos, dos quais foram incluídos 13 artigos completos. Desses estudos, 5 avaliaram as principais etiologias, 2 o surgimento de novos testes diagnósticos, 2 analisaram os aspectos epidemiológicos e 1 a sintomatologia apresentada pelo acometimento da hemorragia digestiva alta. Observou-se inicialmente a abundâncias de informações conceituais sobre o sangramento, como um transtorno clínico comum, acompanhada de inúmeras manifestações, considerando que o foco hemorrágico pode ocorrer em qualquer porção do trato gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, todas as publicações eleitas apresentaram o quadro semiológico composto por algia abdominal, indícios de choque hipovolêmico e taquicardia, alguns exibiram quedas abruptas da pressão arterial, odinofagia, êmese, náuseas e estado ictérico. Os pacientes implicados, cronicamente, já manifestaram ocorrências prévias, devido ao caráter recidivante torna-se essencial investigar a existência de varizes, fístula aorto-entérica, angiodisplasia e doença ulcerosa. CONCLUSÃO: Elucida-se que a hemorragia digestiva alta representa a principal causa de sangramento do trato gastrointestinal, majoritamente manifesta-se como hematêmese ou melena e cursam com o quadro sintomatológico que auxilia na avaliação da gravidade deste e o embasamento de potenciais focos de sangramento e que contribuam para disseminação de informações e intervenções futuras

Active and latent tuberculosis in Brazilian correctional facilities: a cross-sectional study

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-07-06T17:19:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carbone ASS Active and latent tuberculosis....pdf: 656948 bytes, checksum: 20358a6375fe15ab98c0fbc0c89a17e3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-07-06T17:33:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carbone ASS Active and latent tuberculosis....pdf: 656948 bytes, checksum: 20358a6375fe15ab98c0fbc0c89a17e3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T17:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carbone ASS Active and latent tuberculosis....pdf: 656948 bytes, checksum: 20358a6375fe15ab98c0fbc0c89a17e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T19:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Carbone ASS Active and latent tuberculosis....pdf.txt: 35956 bytes, checksum: d6c018bc1eeed9eab1932d6ae359841d (MD5) Carbone ASS Active and latent tuberculosis....pdf: 656948 bytes, checksum: 20358a6375fe15ab98c0fbc0c89a17e3 (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Federal University of Grande Dourados. University Hospital. Dourados, MS, BrasilFederal University of Grande Dourados. University Hospital. Dourados, MS, BrasilFederal University of Grande Dourados. University Hospital. Dourados, MS, BrasilFederal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Ambiental and Biological Sciences. Dourados, MS, BrasilFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Department of Biochemical Pharmacy. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Campo Grande, MS, BrasilFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Faculty of Medicine. Campo Grande, MS, BrasilFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. University Hospital. Campo Grande, MS, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Yale School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease. New Haven, CT, USA.Stanford University School of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine. Stanford, CA, USAFederal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dourados, MS, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Campo Grande, MS, BrasilBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) rates among prisoners are more than 20 times that of the general population in Brazil, yet there are limited data available to facilitate the development of effective interventions in this high-transmission setting. We aimed to assess risk factors for TB infection and evaluate the yield of mass screening for active disease among inmates. Methods: We administered a questionnaire and tuberculin skin test (TST) to a population-based sample of inmates from 12 prisons in Central-West Brazil and collected sera for HIV testing and two sputum samples for smear microscopy and culture from participants reporting a cough of any duration. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Results: We recruited 3,380 inmates, of which 2,861 (84.6%) were males from 8 prisons, and 519 (15.4%) were females from 4 prisons. Among the 1,020 (30%) subjects who reported a cough, we obtained sputum from 691 (68%) and identified 31 cases of active TB for a point prevalence of 917 (95% CI, 623–1302) per 100,000 prisoners. Evaluation of the two sputum smear samples failed to identify 74% of the TB cases, and 29% of the cases reported less than 2 weeks of symptoms. Obtaining a second culture identified an additional 7 (24%) cases. The prevalences of LTBI were 22.5% and 11.7% for male and female prisoners, respectively and duration of incarceration (in years) was associated with LTBI in male and female in the multivariable model (1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.07 and 1.34, 95% CI, 1.06-1.70, respectively). The prevalence of LTBI is 8.6% among newly incarcerated inmates, among whom LTBI prevalence significantly increased by 5% with each year of incarceration. Conclusions: Although the overall LTBI prevalence among inmates in Central-West Brazil is low, tuberculosis incidence is high (>1,800/100,00), likely due to the high force of infection among a largely susceptible inmate population. Efforts to reduce transmission in prisons may require mass screening for active TB, utilizing sputum culture in case-detection protocols

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved