Equilibrium And Kinetics Of Disperse Dye Adsorption On Activated Carbon Prepared From Rattan Sawdust By Chemical Activation.

The liquid-phase adsorption of C.I. Disperse Orange 30 (DO30) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust by chemical activation with H3PO4. The rattan sawdust was carbonized at 500oC, 2h and impregnated ratio weight with H3PO4 at 1:4.5

Switchable Absorptive Bandstop to Bandpass Filter using Stepped-Impedance Dual Mode Resonator

In this paper, a new switchable absorptive bandstop to bandpass filter using stepped-impedance dual mode resonator is proposed. This switchable filter provides two modes of operation which is absorptive bandstop and bandpass response. The first part of this paper presents a theoretical analysis of the absorptive bandstop filter using steppedimpedance dual mode resonator. The absorptive bandstop response can be achieved by connecting λ/4 length with the stepped-impedance dual mode resonator with correct diameter and position of via hole as an inductive element. The second part of this paper presents an investigation and design of the switchable absorptive bandstop to bandpass filter. PIN diodes are used as the switching element. The selectivity of the bandpass response can be improved by using extended via hole. The parametric studies together with the EM simulation of the new switchable absorptive bandstop to the dual mode bandpass filter is presented in this paper

Development and Evaluation of Surface Modified Poly (lactic acid) Microsphere via Irradiation Techniques for Drug Delivery System

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) has been used in medical field because it is biocompatible, biodegradable and has good mechanical properties. However, its surface characteristic which is hydrophobic and chemically inert is not suitable as a carrier in drug delivery system. Purpose of this study is to modify and improve PLA microspheres surface by grafting hydrophilic monomers onto its surface via irradiation techniques. Two sets of PLA microspheres with and without hydrophilic monomers were irradiated using high energy irradiations which are electron beam and Gamma (γ) rays respectively. Although dose used in irradiating samples were same for both electron beam and γ-rays, but the dose rate were different where electron beam has the higher dose rate. Free radicals will be formed when a matter is irradiated with ionising radiation and these radicals will interact with monomers and initiate grafting. Three hydrophilic monomers were used in this study i.e. Acrylic Acid (AA), Acrylamide and Maleic Anhydride (MAH). Surface modified PLA microspheres were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). PLA microspheres surface were successfully modified and grafted with selected monomers and confirmed by FTIR results. The degrees of grafting were found to be dependent on irradiation dose and dose rate of irradiation as well as monomer used in the grafting. SEM shows surface of PLA microsphere after surface modification is rougher compared to before surface modification

An Investigation of Switchable Matched Bandstop to Bandpass Filter Based on Lossy Resonator

Filters are the basic component of transceivers and receivers in the RF front-end communication system, either as band reject or band select units. This research is about an investigation of the new switchable filter which is can switch from matched bandstop to bandpass filter based on lossy resonator, where the lossy resonator topology can be used to partially compensate for the loss. The aim of this research work is to investigate the switchable matched bandstop to the bandpass filter response using lossy resonator based on EM modeling. This filter will be realized in parallel-coupled L-shape resonator. A PIN and varactor diodes will be used to make the filter switchable. This switchable filter provides two modes of operation; matched bandstop and bandpass response. The operating frequency is 2.4 GHz. The theoretical analysis together with EM modeling of the new switchable matched bandstop to bandpass response are presented in this paper

Design and Analysis of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) Using Complementary Techniques on Glass

This paper presents the design of square Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) based on a complementary technique for energy saving glass (ESG) application. In this paper, there are four designs of FSS that have been presented which are a square patch (Design A), square patch rectangular slot (Design B), complementary square patch with a rectangular slot (Design C) and complementary square patch with rectangular slot and square loop (Design D). All design used glass as a substrate and aluminum as the conductive patches. The unit cells of each design are simulated using CST Microwave Studio software. The simulation process is based on the characteristics of reflection coefficient (S11) and transmission coefficient (S21) of the FSS. The simulation result shows that Design B exhibit pass band at 5.2 GHz. While, Design D produce dual pass band at 1.7 GHz and 5.2 GHz. Therefore, this design can be used to improve the transmission of the wireless communication signal

Split Ring Resonator Structure on Microstrip Patch Antenna and Other Microwave Application Design: A Review

Beyond 2000, the number of investigation and fabrication on metamaterial especially of split ring resonator structure has developed exponentially. Two main enhancement by split ring resonator structure in microstrip patch antenna is the miniaturized of patch size and multiband effect for many application by a single patch antenna. In this review paper, the several examples on the previous researcher on microstrip patch antenna with different structure of split ring resonator had been done. Before that, a sample of split ring resonator on others microwave range applications such microwave filter, frequency selective surface, pyramidal microwave absorber, amplifier and oscillator are discussed

Recent progress on catalytic co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuel: The influence of technical and reaction kinetic parameters

Discharge of non-biodegradable plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass into the environment, and the resultant pollution has persistently increased all over the globe. This activity poses a threat not only to mankind, but also to the environment. In addressing this challenge, catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) of plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass is one of the attractive ways used to reduce these types of waste, while simultaneously obtaining an alternative for conventional fossil fuel. This article has critically reviewed the literature on CCP in several areas, especially the impact of technical parameters, such as heating systems, experimental conditions, and synergistic effect of the CCP of plastic and biomass wastes. The kinetics and reaction pathways of CCP of plastic and biomass wastes are also discussed. The analysis and information presented in this review may be used in future studies to develop a sustainable and efficient heating processes in pyrolysis system to re-engineer plastic and biomass wastes.The authors thankfully acknowledge the support obtained from Lotte Chemical Titan (M), Berhad, and Universiti Sains Malaysia (Grant Number: 304/PJKIMIA/6050422/L128), in the form of research grant and facilities which brought forth this article.Scopu

Stringent Constraints on Cosmological Neutrino-Antineutrino Asymmetries from Synchronized Flavor Transformation

We assess a mechanism which can transform neutrino-antineutrino asymmetries between flavors in the early universe, and confirm that such transformation is unavoidable in the near bi-maximal framework emerging for the neutrino mixing matrix. We show that the process is a standard Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein flavor transformation dictated by a synchronization of momentum states. We also show that flavor ``equilibration'' is a special feature of maximal mixing, and carefully examine new constraints placed on neutrino asymmetries. In particular, the big bang nucleosynthesis limit on electron neutrino degeneracy xi_e < 0.04 does not apply directly to all flavors, yet confirmation of the large-mixing-angle solution to the solar neutrino problem will eliminate the possibility of degenerate big bang nucleosynthesis.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; minor changes to match PRD versio

Alignment additivity in the two-quasiparticle superdeformed bands of 192Tl

Four superdeformed bands have been confirmed in 192Tl. Two of these bands have script T sign(2) dynamic moments of inertia which are nearly constant with rotational frequency ℏω. The other two bands show the characteristic rise of script T sign(2) with increasing ℏω seen in most superdeformed bands of the A = 190 region of superdeformation. From comparisons with the odd-A neighbors, it was found that the alignments of these bands relative to a 192Hg core can be accounted for from the additive contributions of the assigned quasiproton and quasineutron orbitals

Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV

The inclusive transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of primary charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ as a function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%. The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm{AA}}$ using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision energy. We observe that the suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles strongly depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most suppressed with $R_{\rm{AA}}\approx0.13$ at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7 GeV/$c$. Above $p_{\rm T}=7$ GeV/$c$, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification factor, which reaches $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx0.4$ for $p_{\rm T}>30$ GeV/$c$. In peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx 0.7$ almost independently of $p_{\rm T}$. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284