Análisis de las metáforas utilizadas en un proceso de instrucción sobre representación de gráficas funcionales

En este trabajo aplicamos herramientas de la teoría de Lakoff y Núñez (2000) y de la teoría de las funciones semióticas (Godino, Contreras y Font, 2004) al análisis de una sesión de clase de bachillerato en la que se estudia la representación gráfica de funciones. Como unidad primaria de análisis didáctico se propone la configuración didáctica, constituida por las interacciones profesor-alumno a propósito de una tarea matemática y usando unos recursos materiales específicos. Dentro de cada configuración didáctica enfocamos nuestro análisis a los fenómenos relacionados con el uso de metáforas en el discurso del profesor y en el de los alumnos. Terminamos con algunas consideraciones sobre las posibles causas de estos fenómenos

Metáforas y ontosemiótica. El caso de la representación gráfica de funciones en el discurso escolar

En la investigación que presentamos hemos intentado responder primero a las cinco preguntas siguientes: 1) ¿Cuáles son las diferentes metáforas que se han utilizado históricamente para organizar el conocimiento sobre las gráficas de las funciones? 2) ¿Qué tipo de metáforas utiliza el profesor al explicar la representación gráfica de funciones en el Bachillerato? 3) ¿Es consciente el profesor del uso que ha hecho de las metáforas en su discurso y hasta qué punto las tiene controladas? 4) ¿Qué efecto producen estas metáforas sobre los alumnos? 5) ¿Qué papel juega la metáfora en la negociación de significados? A continuación abordamos una reflexión teórica cuyo objetivo es situar la metáfora con relación a las cinco facetas duales contempladas en el enfoque ontosemiótico

Modelamiento de la adquisicion domestica de vino en la ciudad de Talca

280 p.Esta investigación estudia los hábitos de compra del vino para consumo doméstico. El trabajo analiza el comportamiento de compra de los distintos G.S.E de la ciudad de Talca, a través de dos herramientas de recopilación de datos, encuestas puntuales y un panel experimental de compra, las que fueron usadas para lo siguiente: a.- ENCUESTA DE INSTALACION, aplicada al comienzo del estudio con el objetivo de identificar cada uno de los hogares participantes en la investigación, a los compradores de vino en cuanto a decisión, preferencias, lugares y frecuencias de compra, modos de consumo, etc. b.- PANEL DE COMPRA, herramienta en la cual se registraron diariamente las compras de vino, en cuanto a cantidad, volumen, tipo de envase, forma de pago, etc., durante un periodo de diez semanas. c.- ENCUESTA DE CIERRE, la cual sirvió para conocer el use de los medios de comunicación, recordación publicitaria del vino; además de la evaluación del estudio por parte de los hogares participantes. • LA INFORMACION OBTENIDA SIRVIO : 1.- Para cruzar información con las encuestas y así formar cluster o grupos de consumidores y no consumidores de vino para cada G.S.E. 2.- Para identificar las variables mas importantes, y así determinar funciones de demanda e índices que expliquen el comportamiento de compra de los talquinos. Los modelos estimados consideraron los siguientes predictores: La cantidad de envases comprados y el volumen de vino adquirido. Estos son función del precio del bien, del gasto por compra, del contenido del envase, del G.S.E que realiza la compra, del precio de otros bienes, del día de la compra, de la semana de la compra (festiva o normal), etc. RESUMIENDO LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS: 1.- Las variables que tienen una mayor influencia en la decisión de compra son: el precio, el gasto por compra, el ingreso, la semana, el precio de otros bienes. La importancia de cada una de estas variables cambia por G.S.E. 2.- La elasticidad precio de la demanda cambia por G.S.E, es así como los G.S.E. inferiores son mas sensibles al cambio en los precios que los G.S.E superiores, esto explicaría el porque ellos adquieren vinos mas baratos. 3.- Las elasticidades ingreso estimadas, indican que el vino es catalogado como un bien normal por cada uno de los G.S.E. 4 . - En cuanto a la elasticidad cruzada, para el modelo general el pisco es considerado como un bien complementario, en cambio, para los modelos por G.S.E el pisco resulto ser un bien sustituto del vino para los estratos medio y bajo; y 1a cerveza es un bien sustituto de la botella

Deficiency of the zinc finger protein ZFP106 causes motor and sensory neurodegeneration

Acknowledgements We are indebted to Jim Humphries, JennyCorrigan, LizDarley, Elizabeth Joynson, Natalie Walters, Sara Wells and the whole necropsy, histology, genotyping and MLC ward 6 teams at MRC Harwell for excellent technical assistance. We thank the staff of the WTSI Illumina Bespoke Team for the RNA-seq data, the Sanger Mouse Genetics Project for the initial mouse characterization and Dr David Adams for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank KOMP for the mouse embryonic stem cells carrying the knockout first promoter-less allele (tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi) within Zfp016. Conflict of Interest statement. None declared. Funding This work was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) to A.A.-A. and a Motor Neurone Disease Association (MNDA) project grant to A.A.-A. and EMCF. D.L.H.B. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Scientist Fellow and P.F. is a MRC/MNDA Lady Edith Wolfson Clinician Scientist Fellow. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the MRC grant number: MC_UP_A390_1106.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (∼50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (P<5 × 10-8), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SLE

Protection of Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) against Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1 and 8 in a Subclinical Experimental Infection

Many wild ruminants such as Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) are susceptible to Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection, which causes disease mainly in domestic sheep and cattle. Outbreaks involving either BTV serotypes 1 (BTV-1) and 8 (BTV-8) are currently challenging Europe. Inclusion of wildlife vaccination among BTV control measures should be considered in certain species. In the present study, four out of fifteen seronegative Spanish ibexes were immunized with a single dose of inactivated vaccine against BTV-1, four against BTV-8 and seven ibexes were non vaccinated controls. Seven ibexes (four vaccinated and three controls) were inoculated with each BTV serotype. Antibody and IFN-gamma responses were evaluated until 28 days after inoculation (dpi). The vaccinated ibexes showed significant (P<0.05) neutralizing antibody levels after vaccination compared to non vaccinated ibexes. The non vaccinated ibexes remained seronegative until challenge and showed neutralizing antibodies from 7 dpi. BTV RNA was detected in the blood of non vaccinated ibexes from 2 to the end of the study (28 dpi) and in target tissue samples obtained at necropsy (8 and 28 dpi). BTV-1 was successfully isolated on cell culture from blood and target tissues of non vaccinated ibexes. Clinical signs were unapparent and no gross lesions were found at necropsy. Our results show for the first time that Spanish ibex is susceptible and asymptomatic to BTV infection and also that a single dose of vaccine prevents viraemia against BTV-1 and BTV-8 replication

Efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training compared to continuous aerobic training on insulin resistance, skeletal muscle structure and function in adults with metabolic syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial (Intraining-MET)

ABSTRACT: Evidence of the efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training (HIIT-low volume) in treating insulin resistance (IR) in patients with metabolic disorders is contradictory. In addition, it is unknown whether this effect is mediated through muscle endocrine function, which in turn depends on muscle mass and fiber type composition. Our aims were to assess the efficacy of HIIT-low volume compared to continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) in treating IR in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to establish whether musclin, apelin, muscle mass and muscle composition are mediators of the effect. Methods: This is a controlled, randomized, clinical trial using the minimization method, with blinding of those who will evaluate the outcomes and two parallel groups for the purpose of showing superiority. Sixty patients with MS and IR with ages between 40 and 60 years will be included. A clinical evaluation will be carried out, along with laboratory tests to evaluate IR (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)), muscle endocrine function (serum levels of musclin and apelin), thigh muscle mass (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and thigh muscle composition (by carnosine measurement with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H–MRS)), before and after 12 weeks of a treadmill exercise program three times a week. Participants assigned to the intervention (n = 30) will receive HIIT-low volume in 22-min sessions that will include six intervals at a load of 90% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) for 1 min followed by 2 min at 50% of VO2 max. The control group (n = 30) will receive CAE at an intensity of 60% of VO2 max for 36 min. A theoretical model based on structural equations will be proposed to estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of training on IR and the proportion explained by the mediators. Discussion: Compared with CAE, HIIT-low volume can be effective and efficient at improving physical capacity and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors, such as IR, in patients with metabolic disorders. Studies that evaluate mediating variables of the effect of HIIT-low volume on IR, such as endocrine function and skeletal muscle structure, are necessary to understand the role of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology of MS and their regulation by exercise. Trial registration: NCT03087721. High-intensity Interval, Low Volume Training in Metabolic Syndrome (Intraining-MET). Registered on 22 March 2017, retrospectively registered

Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (B50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (Po5 10 8), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SL