Effects of integration time on in-water radiometric profiles

This work investigates the effects of integration time on in-water downward irradiance E-d, upward irradiance E-u and upwelling radiance L-u profile data acquired with free-fall hyperspectral systems. Analyzed quantities are the subsurface value and the diffuse attenuation coefficient derived by applying linear and non-linear regression schemes. Case studies include oligotrophic waters (Case-1), as well as waters dominated by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal particles (NAP). Assuming a 24-bit digitization, measurements resulting from the accumulation of photons over integration times varying between 8 and 2048ms are evaluated at depths corresponding to: 1) the beginning of each integration interval (FST); 2) the end of each integration interval (LST); 3) the averages of FST and LST values (AVG); and finally 4) the values weighted accounting for the diffuse attenuation coefficient of water (WGT). Statistical figures show that the effects of integration time can bias results well above 5% as a function of the depth definition. Results indicate the validity of the WGT depth definition and the fair applicability of the AVG one. Instead, both the FST and LST depths should not be adopted since they may introduce pronounced biases in E-u and L-u regression products for highly absorbing waters. Finally, the study reconfirms the relevance of combining multiple radiometric casts into a single profile to increase precision of regression products. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

A comparison of four different methods to estimate population size of Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)

Obtaining reliable information on animal abundance in mountainous landscapes is challenging. Highly heterogeneous habitats tend to reduce detection probabilities, and the three-dimensional, rugged nature of the terrain poses severe limits to the fulfilment of a number of assumptions underlying several statistical methods. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of 4 different methods to estimate population size of Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), a highly social semifossorial rodent widely distributed on the European Alps. Between May and August 2015, in a study area within the Stelvio National Park (Italy) we conducted 8 sessions of capture-mark-recapture, 6 sessions of mark-resight from vantage points, 8 sessions of line distance sampling along 4 transects, and 2 sessions using double-observer methods from vantage points. The minimum number of animals alive, obtained during the mark-resight surveys, was n=54 individuals. Capture-mark-recapture models estimated a population size of n=56 individuals [95% CI (45,87)]; similar, but more precise estimates were obtained with the mark-resight approach {Bowden’s estimator: n=62 [95% CI (54,71)]; Poisson log-normal estimator: n=62 [95% CI (55,69)]}. Line distance sampling and double-observer methods were severely biased low {Line distance sampling: n=24 individuals [95% CI (19,31)]; Independent double-observer: n=24 [95% CI (22, 35)]; Dependent double-observer: n=15 [95% CI (15,20)]}. Our results suggest that the probabilistic approach based on marked individuals yielded fairly robust estimates of population size. The underestimates obtained using distance sampling and double-observer methods were likely due to the violation of some underlying assumptions. While the topography of the mountainous landscape makes it difficult to randomize the sampling scheme, the semifossorial behaviour of the target species is likely to lower the detection probabilities and violate the assumption of perfect detection on the transect

System Vicarious Calibration for Copernicus Ocean Colour Missions: Updated Requirements and Recommendations for a European Site

The Copernicus Program has been established through the Regulation EU No377/2014 with the objective to ensure long-term and sustained provision of accurate and reliable data on environment and security through dedicated services. Among these, the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service and the marine component of the Climate Change Service, both rely on satellite ocean colour observations to deliver data on water quality and climate relevant quantities such as chlorophyll-a concentration used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. Satellite ocean colour missions require in situ highly accurate radiometric measurements for the indirect calibration (so called System Vicarious Calibration (SVC)) of the space sensor. This process is essential to minimize the combined effects of uncertainties affecting the space sensor calibration and those resulting from the inaccuracy of processing algorithms and models applied for the generation of data products. SVC is thus a fundamental element to maximize the return on investments for the Copernicus Program by delivering to the user science community satellite ocean colour data with accuracy granting achievement of target objectives from applications addressing environmental and climate change issues. The long-term Copernicus Program foresees multiple ocean colour missions (i.e., the Sentinel-3 satellites carrying the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)). The need to ensure the highest accuracy to satellite derived data products contributing to the construction of Climate Data Records (CDRs), suggests the realization, deployment and sustain of a European in situ infrastructure supporting SVC for Sentinel-3 missions, fully independent from similar facilities established and maintained by other space agencies (e.g., that operated in the Pacific Ocean by US agencies). It is emphasized that the need to cope with long-term Copernicus objectives on data accuracy, implies very stringent requirements for the in situ infrastructure and location providing reference measurements for SVC. These requirements, in fact, are much higher than those imposed by SVC for a single mission. The content of this Report, which is a revised version of a previous one (Zibordi et al. 2017), builds on the long-standing experience of the JRC on ocean colour radiometry. This experience counts on decadal field and laboratory measurements performed in support of validation and SVC applications, and additionally on activities comprehensively embracing measurement protocols, instruments characterization and the initiation of autonomous measurement infrastructures. Overall, this Report summarizes a number of recent investigations led by the JRC on SVC requirements for the creation of CDRs. The final objective is to consolidate in a single document the elements essential fJRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

System Vicarious Calibration for Copernicus Ocean Colour Missions: Requirements and Recommendations for a European Site

The Copernicus Program has been established through the Regulation EU No377/2014 with the objective to ensure long-term and sustained provision of accurate and reliable data on environment and security through dedicated services. Among these, the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service and the marine component of the Climate Change Service, both rely on satellite ocean colour observations to deliver data on water quality and climate relevant quantities such as chlorophyll-a concentration used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. Satellite ocean colour missions require in situ highly accurate radiometric measurements for the indirect calibration (so called System Vicarious Calibration (SVC)) of the space sensor. This process is essential to minimize the combined effects of uncertainties affecting the space sensor calibration and those resulting from the inaccuracy of processing algorithms and models applied for the generation of data products. SVC is thus a fundamental element to maximize the return on investments for the Copernicus Program by delivering to the user science community satellite ocean colour data with accuracy granting achievement of target objectives from applications addressing environmental and climate change issues. The long-term Copernicus Program foresees multiple ocean colour missions (i.e., the Sentinel-3 satellites carrying the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)). The need to ensure the highest accuracy to satellite derived data products contributing to the construction of Climate Data Records (CDRs), suggests the realization, deployment and sustain of a European in situ infrastructure supporting SVC for Sentinel-3 missions, fully independent from similar facilities established and maintained by other space agencies (e.g., that operated in the Pacific Ocean by US agencies). It is emphasized that the need to cope with long-term Copernicus objectives on data accuracy, implies very stringent requirements for the in situ infrastructure and location providing reference measurements for SVC. These requirements, in fact, are much higher than those imposed by SVC for a single mission. The content of this Report builds on the long-standing experience of the JRC on ocean colour radiometry. This experience counts on decadal field and laboratory measurements performed in support of validation and SVC applications, and additionally on activities comprehensively embracing measurement protocols, instruments characterization and the initiation of autonomous measurement infrastructures. Overall, this Report summarizes a number of recent investigations led by the JRC on SVC requirements for the creation of CDRs. The final objective is to consolidate in a single document the elements essential for the realization of a European SVC infrastructure in support of the Copernicus Program. Briefly, the various Chapters summarize: • General requirements for a long-term SVC infrastructure, which indicate the need for spatially homogenous oceanic optical properties, seasonal stability of marine and atmospheric geophysical quantities, negligible land perturbations, hyperspectral radiometry, and low measurement uncertainties; • Spectral resolution requirements for in situ SVC hyperspectral measurements as a function of bandwidths and center-wavelengths of most advanced satellite sensors, which specify the need for sub-nanometre resolutions to allow for supporting any scheduled satellite ocean color sensor; • Suitable SVC locations in European Seas showing the fitness of regions in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea to satisfy fundamental requirements.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

Retrievals of Antarctic aerosol characteristics using a Sun-sky radiometer during the 2001-2002 austral summer campaign

In order to characterize the Antarctic aerosol and to analyze the effect of katabatic winds on the properties of suspended particles, measurements of solar direct and diffuse irradiance were carried out at the Italian Terra Nova Bay station in Antarctica, during the 2001-2002 austral summer campaign. Measurements were performed by the ground-based PREDE sky radiometer and processed by using the Skyrad inversion code. Aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm was found to vary between 0.01 and 0.02. The volume size distribution curves showed bimodal features with the two modes located within 0.1-0.3 μm and 5-7 μm radius intervals, respectively. The real part of the refractive index characterizing the Antarctic aerosol was found to have a mean value of 1.40. During the katabatic event the analysis indicated that the advection of larger and drier fresh particles, together with the removal of marine suspended particles, caused the decrease in aerosol optical thickness

MACHADO REDIVIVO OU AI SE ELE SOUBESSE O QUE FIZERAM COM CAPITU

Exame do conjunto dos romances que estabelece o jogo intertextual com Machado de Assis, concluindo que os escritores buscaram diálogo com o cânone sem estatura para o confronto, exceção feita a Haroldo Maranhão. Abstract Examining of novels which plays an intertextual game with Machado de Assis, it concludes that the writers (excepting Harold Maranhão) tried unsuccessfully a dialogue with the canon

A high-performance computing framework for Monte Carlo ocean color simulations

This paper presents a high-performance computing (HPC) framework for Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the ocean color (OC) application domain. The objective is to optimize a parallel MC radiative transfer code named MOX, developed by the authors to create a virtual marine environment for investigating the quality of OC data products derived from in situ measurements of in-water radiometric quantities. A consolidated set of solutions for performance modeling, prediction, and optimization is implemented to enhance the efficiency of MC OC simulations on HPC run-time infrastructures. HPC, machine learning, and adaptive computing techniques are applied taking into account a clear separation and systematic treatment of accuracy and precision requirements for large-scale MC OC simulations. The added value of the work is the integration of computational methods and tools for MC OC simulations in the form of an HPC-oriented problem-solving environment specifically tailored to investigate data acquisition and reduction methods for OC field measurements. Study results highlight the benefit of close collaboration between HPC and application domain researchers to improve the efficiency and flexibility of computer simulations in the marine optics application domain. (C) 2016 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/MEC) [PEst-OE/EEI/UI0527/2011]; ESA [22576/09/I-OL, ARG/003-025/1406/CIMA]; NOVA LINCS [UID/CEC/04516/2013]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Jornalismo alternativo e literatura marginal em caros amigos

Orientador : Benito Martinez RodriguezCo-orientador : Marco Antonio Maschio C. ChagaDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Humanas, Letras e ArtesResumo: Esta dissertação analisa o discurso da revista Caros Amigos em seus aspectos principais: o posicionamento político de oposição ao governo, o procedimento jornalístico distinto do modelo geral da imprensa escrita e duas edições especiais de literatura marginal publicadas pela editora Casa Amarela, de São Paulo. A referida análise é precedida por um estudo histórico a propósito da constituição da grande imprensa nacional e também sobre sua expressão divergente, a imprensa alternativa. Destaca-se aí a história de um grupo profissional que implantou mudanças técnicas e editoriais em veículos de empresas líderes de mercado (a revista Realidade, da editora Abril), e que depois foi criar novas publicações que ampliaram e abriram novos canais de circulação fora da rede tradicional. Trata-se da empresa um tanto quanto informal chamada Arte ¿¿Comunicação. O mesmo grupo de "intelectuais orgânicos" tem praticamente meio século de imprensa quando coloca a revista Caros Amigos no mercado, em 1997. Sobre ela faz-se a discussão do político e do alternativo no jornalismo e do marginal na literatura das edições especiais, o que ocupa a primeira parte da dissertação. A segunda metade contém o estudo comparativo dos discursos informativos e literários na revista. Demonstra-se que eles se relacionam, principalmente, na valorização da experiência vivida na elaboração do relato, na iniciativa pedagógica ou didática para com o leitor, e na memória ressentida que é muito presente em boa parte da produção.Abstract: This dissertation analyses the discourse found at Caros Amigos magazine in its main features: the political position in opposition to the government, the distinctive journalistic procedure from the general pattern of the press, and two special editions about underground literature published by Casa Amarela publisher, from Sao Paulo. This very analysis is presented after a historical study on the development of the main Brazilian press groups and of its opposed voice, the alternative press. It is relevant the history of this professional group because they have installed technical and editorial changes in leading marked publications (Realidade magazine, from Abril publichers), and they have created new publications which opened and widened new circulation channels for the off-traditional press network. This is the case of an informal company named Arte&Comunicação. The same group of "organic intellectuals" was nearly half of a century in press history when published Caros Amigos, in 1997. About this topic, this dissertation discusses the political and the alternative in Journalism, and the underground from the special edition in Literature, which covers the first part of this dissertation. The second half presents a comparative study of the informative and the literature discourses found at the magazine. As it is shown, these elements relate to each other, mainly at the importance of the living experience on the construction of the text, the pedagogical or didactical initiative in relation to the reader, and the resented memory that is very common in great part of this publication

Literatura marginal em revista

Este texto analisa a produção ficcional de duas edições especiais da revista Caros Amigos dedicadas à literatura: Literatura margina ”“ A cultura da periferia ”“ Ato I e Ato II, de 2001 e 2002 respectivamente. A discussão é norteada por três eixos interpretativos. O primeiro trata das trajetórias de vida interrompidas e contadas por um narrador característico que, de várias formas, transpõe suas vivências para a criação literária. O saldo da experiência aparece, por exemplo, no registro impresso da fala e na tensão entre gíria e vocabulário culto, identificada nos textos. O segundo viés é o do projeto pedagógico da literatura que se quer marginal. São discutidos os problemas de inserção e circulação da produção artística com finalidades sociais, além de algumas relações com o rap. O terceiro ponto é o da memória ressentida que sustenta a oposição entre opressores e oprimidos. Ela fala da histórica desigualdade social do país, raiz da lembrança que presentifica o saco de ossos do passado

Propostas textuais nos manuais de redação de duas agências alternativas de notícias

Pretende-se abordar aquilo que os manuais de redação de duas agências alternativas de notícias, baseadas nas capitais São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, atribuem como parâmetros de qualidade a seus textos jornalísticos, especialmente do ponto de vista vocabular e no contexto de demandas sociais advindas da periferia. Tendo em vista o comprometimento ético, a racionalidade complexa e a capacidade de transformação estética de suas narrativas, conforme a tríade proposta por Cremilda Medina (1991, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2016), contraporemos o Manual de redação e estilo da Agência de Notícias das Favelas (FERNANDES, 2018) e o Manual da diversidade em Jornalismo (CUNHA, WEINGRILL, 2017) da Agência Énois - este, menos gramatical e esteticamente mais ousado, cumprindo as indicações que norteiam sua escrita, e conforme verificamos na prática jornalística, em reportagem que analisamos