東京大学一五〇年史編纂室通信 第7号

〇東京帝国大学における看護師の養成と女性たち（２）（中西啓太）/〇脱政治化する学生文化？――教養学部オリエンテーション委員会『槌音』を中心に（１）（鈴木健吾）/〇昭和初期の都市交通と東京帝国大学―正門前信号機の設置問題を事例に―（石坂桜）/〇訃報othe

1890年独露再保障条約不更新にみるドイツ外交の変容と継承

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物語と解放 : カメル・ダーウド『ムルソー再捜査』について

中地義和先生退職記念特集号departmental bulletin pape

現代芸術とオリジナリティ : デ・フォレの「引用」をめぐって

中地義和先生退職記念特集号departmental bulletin pape

ボードレールにみる模倣と反逆の詩学

中地義和先生退職記念特集号departmental bulletin pape

Annual Report of Meteorological Observations in the University of Tokyo Forests (Jan.2020-Dec.2020)

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Nenbutsu as Repetition : On the Ideas of Repetition and Tradition in the Buddhist Aesthetics of Sōetsu Yanagi

In his later years, Sōetsu Yanagi (1889-1961) focused his efforts on constructing what he called “Buddhist aesthetics” that would provide the basis for understanding the beauty of Mingei (folk crafts). This involved not only explaining Mingei through the vocabulary of Pure Land Buddhism, but also redesigning the vocabulary of Pure Land Buddhism in a way that would respond to the reality of craft-making traditions. This paper explores this process of redesigning by examining how Yanagi modified the Buddhist concept of shōmyō nenbutsu, the chanting of Amitābha’s name, to theorize the way in which traditions helped ordinary artisans create exceptionally beautiful crafts. Section 1 begins with an analysis of Yanagi’s Namuamidabutsu (1955), where he compared the repetitions of actions in craft making to the act of nenbutsu. The paper points out that behind this comparison lies Yanagi’s deep sympathy with Ippen (1239-1289). Ippen’s philosophy, which takes nenbutsu as a spontaneous activity permeating nature without requiring religious consciousness, resonated with Yanagi’s vision, in which religious salvation was transformed into an aesthetic one, extending its scope to include inanimate objects. To investigate the philosophical implications of Yanagi’s idea of “nenbutsu as repetition,” section 2 compares this idea with the interpretation of nenbutsu developed by the prominent Buddhist scholar whom Yanagi admired, D. T. Suzuki (1870-1966). Through his reading of Shinran, Suzuki emphasized the one-time, decisive moment of entrusting faith (shinjin), of which nenbutsu is but an expression. In contrast, Yanagi suggested that it was the nenbutsu-like cumulative repetitions in the craft making of ordinary people (bonpu) that formed various traditions, whose potential to evoke “other-power” (tariki) would, in turn, bring aesthetic salvation to the practice of craft making. Simple repetition alone, however, would not keep traditions alive; Yanagi equally stressed the importance of creative change over time. By analyzing his call for reforms in the traditional tea ceremony, section 3 critically examines the question of the inheritance of traditions in Yanagi’s texts. Particular attention is paid to his emphasis on another Buddhist term, “obstacle-free mind” (mugeshin). The paper concludes with a consideration of the potential conflict between Yanagi’s ideas of cumulative repetition as nenbutsu and creative repetition through mugeshin.論文departmental bulletin pape

Pitch Accent Constrains Lexical Activation in Japanese Spoken Word Recognition: A semantic priming study

The present study investigated whether Japanese listeners utilize pitch accent for lexical activation using two cross-modal semantic priming experiments. Segmentally identical but suprasegmentally different words were presented as auditory primes, followed by visual targets that were semantically congruent or incongruent with the primes. Participants made lexical decision on visual targets while listening to auditory primes. In Experiment 1, targets were presented at the offset of the primes. In Experiment 2, targets were presented in the middle of the primes. Based on the reaction time, a semantic priming effect was observed in the semantically congruent condition (e.g., jidoo HLL “children”–gakkoo “school” and jidoo LHH “automatic”–kikai “machine”) but not in the incongruent condition (e.g., jidoo HLL “children”–kikai “machine” and jidoo LHH “automatic”–gakkoo “school”) in both experiments. The results demonstrated that the auditory primes activate only words whose pitch accent was consistent with the auditory input in the listener’s mental lexicon, providing further evidence that suprasegmental information constrains lexical activation in Japanese spoken word recognition.言語学departmental bulletin pape

The Impact of Automaticity on the Relationship between Working Memory Capacity and Second Language Reading Comprehension

本研究では、まず先行研究におけるワーキングメモリと第二言語読解における相関関係の「ばらつき」に注目し、その要因の一つとして自動化の概念を提示した。そして、自動化がワーキングメモリと相互作用を起こすことで、ワーキングメモリと第二言語読解の関係性に変化を生じさせるという仮説を展開した。また、相互作用のメカニズムとして3 つのモデルを紹介し、実験の結果がどのモデルを支持するか検証した。実験の結果として、まず、ワーキングメモリと第二言語読解において有意な相関関係が観測された。また、自動化グループごとに相関関係を調べたところ、高自動化グループでは有意な相関が現れたが、低自動化グループでは観測できなかった。これは、自動化が先行研究における「ばらつき」に影響を与えている可能性を示唆している。さらに、第二言語読解における自動化とワーキングメモリの相互作用を調べたところ、自動化は特にワーキングメモリのスコアが高い被験者に有利にはたらいたことが分かった。この結果はthe-rich-get-richer モデルを支持し、高自動化グループにおける強い相関関係に寄与していた。言語学departmental bulletin pape

The Whitworth Medal : Scholarships and Medal awarded to Henry Dyer in 1870

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