Development of lifetime comorbidity in the world health organization world mental health surveys

CONTEXT: Although numerous studies have examined the role of latent variables in the structure of comorbidity among mental disorders, none has examined their role in the development of comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among 18 lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. DESIGN: Nationally or regionally representative community surveys. SETTING: Fourteen countries. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 229 survey respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First onset of 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders assessed retrospectively in the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Separate internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (behavior and substance disorders) factors were found in exploratory factor analysis of lifetime disorders. Consistently significant positive time-lagged associations were found in survival analyses for virtually all temporally primary lifetime disorders predicting subsequent onset of other disorders. Within-domain (ie, internalizing or externalizing) associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. Most time-lagged associations were explained by a model that assumed the existence of mediating latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (internalizing) and hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (externalizing) were the most important predictors. A small number of residual associations remained significant after controlling the latent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The good fit of the latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most of the comorbidity among the disorders considered herein. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although several important pairwise associations that cannot be accounted for by latent variables also exist that warrant further focused study

The interplay of descriptor-based computational analysis with pharmacophore modeling builds the basis for a novel classification scheme for feruloyl esterases

One of the most intriguing groups of enzymes, the feruloyl esterases (FAEs), is ubiquitous in both simple and complex organisms. FAEs have gained importance in biofuel, medicine and food industries due to their capability of acting on a large range of substrates for cleaving ester bonds and synthesizing high-added value molecules through esterification and transesterification reactions. During the past two decades extensive studies have been carried out on the production and partial characterization of FAEs from fungi, while much less is known about FAEs of bacterial or plant origin. Initial classification studies on FAEs were restricted on sequence similarity and substrate specificity on just four model substrates and considered only a handful of FAEs belonging to the fungal kingdom. This study centers on the descriptor-based classification and structural analysis of experimentally verified and putative FAEs; nevertheless, the framework presented here is applicable to every poorly characterized enzyme family. 365 FAE-related sequences of fungal, bacterial and plantae origin were collected and they were clustered using Self Organizing Maps followed by k-means clustering into distinct groups based on amino acid composition and physico-chemical composition descriptors derived from the respective amino acid sequence. A Support Vector Machine model was subsequently constructed for the classification of new FAEs into the pre-assigned clusters. The model successfully recognized 98.2% of the training sequences and all the sequences of the blind test. The underlying functionality of the 12 proposed FAE families was validated against a combination of prediction tools and published experimental data. Another important aspect of the present work involves the development of pharmacophore models for the new FAE families, for which sufficient information on known substrates existed. Knowing the pharmacophoric features of a small molecule that are essential for binding to the members of a certain family opens a window of opportunities for tailored applications of FAEs

RADIOLOGY IN TURKEY and Emin Faik USTUN Prof. MD

WOS: 000281404900021Founding of ionizing rays by W.C.Roentgen (1985) in medical area and radiology which is a new field of science arised as a consequence of using these rays for the purpose of especially diagnosis and treatment has progressed a lot through technological innovations today. During the beginning of this mentioned field of science, Dr.Rifat Osman and Captain Doctor Esad Feyzi (1874-1904) who was a Roentgenologist of Surgical Diseases Clinic and with his fabulous knowledge of physics have endeavoured a lot. During the period after republic was established, we encountered some names who led the improvement of Radiology in medical faculties associated with universities established after University Reform in 1933. One of them is Dr. Ostun who is the founder of Ege University Medical Faculty Institute of Radiology. The most important contribution to radiology in our country which Prof Dr. Ustan presented is that he/she allowed document archiving works which were observed by him in foreign countries to be applied in our country also. In our country Institutes of Radiology existing during that period and especially Radiology Institutes connected to medical faculties established after 1965 have applied Prof Dr. Emin Fail? Ustuns leading opinions in their units. Besides, Prof. Dr. Ustun enabled recognition of this field of science in our country through his books in the area of radiology. In our article we shun mention about the short biography, studies and bibliography of him. We respectfully remembe

Examination of the Effect of Education About Electroconvulsive Therapy on Nursing Practice and Patient Satisfaction

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) procedures require the work of a multidisciplinary team that includes an anesthesiologist, a psychiatrist, and a treatment nurse. Electroconvulsive therapy is treated like a minor surgical procedure that requires preoperative preparation and postoperative care

Turkish nurses' perspectives on a programme to reduce burnout

Burnout is a serious problem among nurses. Programmes to prevent and reduce burnout have been described, but nurses report that they have difficulty attending such programmes and the dropout rate is substantial

according to loading condition with ANN

This paper represents an artificial neural network (ANN) backpropagation algorithm is used to choose best coefficients of hierarchical fuzzy power system stabilizer (HFPSS). PSS is used for stability enhancement of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system. ANN algorithm is used to predict load condition of the power system. And according to the predicted load condition ANN determinates choosing optimal parameters of the hierarchical fuzzy controller (HFC) to achieve better performance. Simulation results are compared with conventional PSS (CPSS) to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Also quantitative criterias of measuring performance is computed for 16 loading conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Application of Healthy Life Year Measures to Environmental Health Issues

© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The environment in which we live greatly affects our health. Everyday hazards in the home environment, at the workplace, and in the outdoor environment pose significant threats to our health and livelihood. However, quantifying this burden has proved challenging due to lack of available data, nonstandardized use of definitions of the environment, disease, and attribution. Therefore, a clear understanding of summary measures of population health is required, which includes the types of measures, the inputs for their construction, and their relative strengths and weaknesses. Composite measures, such as the healthy life year (HeaLY), have the advantage of incorporating the mortality, morbidity, and disability impact of conditions that intersect health and the environment. The HeaLY offers a simple, transparent process, which is consistent with the natural history of disease concept, to measure the environmental burden of disease. However, key to any such effort would be the collection and use of good quality epidemiological, demographic, and causality data. This article, outlines the background to measures of health status in a population, reviews their strengths and limitations, and discusses their use in assessing the consequences of a wide variety of environmental factors and interventions on human health

DNA methyltransferase expression differs with proliferation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ezer, Ustun/0000-0002-1536-7898; KARABULUT, HALIL GURHAN/0000-0002-2842-0029WOS: 000279308400044PubMed: 19763880…The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)We acknowledge to Timur Tuncali, Ongun Onaran and Uygar Tazebay for their technical support and to Kenan Kose for performing statistical analysis. This study was granted by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)