Why Global Muslim Scholars’ Input in Islamizing Knowledge is Critical

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Short communication: Injury Profile in an Emergency Department at a Referral Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda

Injuries constitute a major public health problem, killing more than 5 million people worldwide each year and causing more cases of disability. Countries need baseline information on injury pattern to develop intervention strategies. A quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at a referral hospital in Kigali Rwanda. The aim was to identify the causes of injuries, to determine the frequencies and distribution of injuries according to cause, gender, age, location, and categories of injuries, and to assess the probability of injury survival. Out of 101 subjects, 31.7% were female while 68.3% were male. A number of injuries were identified among young males in the age group 16-30 years in the urban area. The major cause of injury was road traffic accidents (RTA)

Creating change through social entrepreneurship: the case of girls’ school dropouts in Uganda

Subject areaThis case focusses on social innovation and social entrepreneurship in Africa, specifically looking at behavioural characteristics of social entrepreneurs, their motivations to create social value and the application of personal initiative theory. The case discusses the self-starting proactiveness and innovation traits of the social entrepreneur. The social business model canvas will be used to analyse the social enterprise’s business model.Study level/applicabilityStudents of social entrepreneurship, development studies, sustainable livelihoods and asset-based development. It is useful for customised or short programmes on social entrepreneurship or for students with a background in business wanting to understand social enterprise as a vehicle for social and economic change. As such, this case is written for Business Management and Entrepreneurship undergraduates or students of elective courses in social entrepreneurship (“understanding” and “remembering” learning activities under Bloom’s taxonomy). When personal initiative theory is used, the case provides an initial understanding of social entrepreneurship in a less developed context for post-graduate students and may be used for higher-order learning activities (“analysing” and “applying”).Case overviewThe case tells the story of Dr Engr Moses Musaazi, who is a Social Entrepreneur and Managing Director of Technology for Tomorrow (T4T). Troubled with the persistent social problems in his country. Musaazi, through T4T, strived for social innovations to reduce school dropouts of Ugandan girls. While exploring Moses’ journey for solving persistent social problems through social innovations, students will be able to understand, remember, analyse and apply Dees’ (2001) social entrepreneurial behaviours and Santos’ (2012) theory of social entrepreneurship. The case discusses what motivates African social entrepreneurs to start a social venture (Ghalwash, Tolba, & Ismail, 2017). Students will apply personal initiative theory to identify the social entrepreneurial behaviours displayed in the creation of social ventures. To exemplify and analyse the different components of social ventures’ business model, the social business model canvas by Sparviero (2019) will be introduced.Expected learning outcomesThe teaching objectives are Objective 1. Students are able to remember, understand, identify and apply the social entrepreneurial behaviours as defined by Dees (2001) and the elements of Santos’ (2012) theory of social entrepreneurship to Dr Moses Musaazi’s case as a social entrepreneur. Objective 2. Students remember, understand and identify what motivates social entrepreneurs in less developed economies to create social value (Ghalwash et al., 2017). Objective 3. Early-stage postgraduate students are able to apply and analyse (also evaluate and create for higher-level post-graduates) personal initiative theory to explain the emergence of social entrepreneurial behaviour and especially how innovation, self-starting and proactiveness may lead to social entrepreneurial venture start-up (Frese, Kring, Soose, & Zempel, 1996). Objective 4. Students use the social business model canvas (Sparviero, 2019) as a tool to understand, analyse and improve a social-enterprise business model.Supplementary materialsSupplementary learning materials are provided in the Teaching Note (Table 1). Table1, which includes videos and their description. Also, a link to Uganda’s sustainable development index is provided (the focus is sustainable development goals [SDGs] 3: Good health and well-being, SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 5: Gender equality, SDG 10: Reduced inequalities).</div

Illness Perceptions and Depression in Relation to Self-care Behaviour among Type 2 diabetes Patients in a Referral Hospital in Kigali-Rwanda

Background: This paper describes illness perceptions, communication and depression in relation to self-care behaviour among Type 2 diabetes patients, collected from a referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda between 14 December 2010 and 28 February 2011. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study explored the relationships between interpersonal communications assessed using the Interpersonal Processes of Communication of Care in Diverse Population questionnaire; depression assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; illness beliefs assessed using the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire; and self-care behaviour assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire. Self-regulatory model of illness perceptions, with a focus on cognitive representation, was the conceptual framework used to guide this study. We recruited 86 participants. Results: Participants perceived type 2 diabetes as a cyclical and chronic condition associated with serious but controllable consequences. Time cyclical, personal control and depression were independently associated with self-care behaviour. Conclusion: The findings confirm that depression and illness beliefs influence self-care behaviour.Keywords: Illness perceptions, depression, among type 2 diabetes patient

Utilization of online bibliographic databases by medical doctors in a teaching hospital in Rwanda

Background: Online bibliographic databases are important tools in health sector for both literature research and clinical practices. They provide current scientific insight for evidence based medicine and have the potential to support clinicians by providing them with the information they need in a timely fashion.Objective: This study was carried out to assess the utilization of online bibliographic databases by medical doctors at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali.Methods: A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) with a crosssectional design was used.Results: The study population was composed of 153 medical doctors and response rate was 53.5 %. The results of this study indicate that the most visited online bibliographic database is the Medline at the rate of 94% (N=82). More than 92% (N=82) of physicians at this hospital have computers with internet in their offices. Only 47.6% are able to use filters when they searching information to guide treatment. Physicians at the rate of 97.6 % (N=80) have used online bibliographic databases in the past six months and 96% (N=80) were satisfied with their expectations. The constraints they face when searching information, is lack of full access to some scientific medical journals. A key informant said: “The challenge is that some medical journals provide only abstracts. In this case it is not easy for physicians to access full papers or full books to find information for patient care”.Conclusion: The study concludes that physicians at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali use online bibliographic databases to guide treatment and Medline/Pubmed are the most used database. Nevertheless, there is gap in advanced searching skills among physicians. In terms of infrastructures the quality of internet bandwidth is another challenge. The study recommends continued sessions for literature search, as it is a key to practicing evidence-based medicine. It also recommends ensuring full access to scientific papers as well as good internet service delivery.Keywords: Online bibliographic databases, medical doctor

Contribution of Wetland Resources to Household Incomes of Riparian Communities of Katonga Wetland in Mpigi District, Uganda

Katonga wetland which lies to the western part of Lake Victoria covers an area of 237.4 km2. Although the wetland is known to contain flora and fauna that support livelihoods, there has been lack of information on the economic value of these resources and their contribution to livelihoods particularly of the rural riparian communities. The objective of the study was to generate information on the vital wetland resources, the economic value and contribution of these resources to riparian community livelihoods. The study was carried out in Nkozi and Kituntu sub-counties in Mpigi District-Uganda; it covered six parishes through which the wetland runs and involved 120 respondents. The study established that resources in the wetland are collected for subsistence and direct commercial extraction. The most important resource derived from the wetland for subsistence use was water for rural domestic use with each household using an average of 188l per day (23l per person) and was estimated at an annual economic value of Uganda shillings (Ushs) 490,191 (U$233.4) per person per year. Fisheries were the most important commercial activities undertaken in these parts of the wetland involving 36$ 1,900.6) per person. These activities particularly collection of water and fuel wood are undertaken throughout the year, while harvesting of craft materials is mainly done during the dry season (January-March and June-August). Fishing is done mainly in the wet season (March-May and September-November).he wetland is a source of income for at least 74% of the respondents. The majority of respondents, 57.5%, were among low income groups earning up to Ushs 600,000 per respondent annually. Fishing provides the highest gross incomes per respondent Ushs 200,000 per month hence the high value of the wetland to its riparian communities. It was noted that 30% of respondents depend on both the wetland and other activities with the wetland providing a buffer income source. It is recommended that the wetland hydrology which is vital for the sustainability of these activities be maintained through catchment improvement while sustainable harvesting levels be established for fishing activities. Environment management structures should be strengthened to sustainably manage the wetland. Local communities should also be sensitized about the importance of this wetland so that they can appreciate its ecosystem services and participate in its sustainable management

Stakeholder's perceptions of help-seeking behaviour among people with mental health problems in Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Mental health facilities in Uganda remain underutilized, despite efforts to decentralize the services. One of the possible explanations for this is the help-seeking behaviours of people with mental health problems. Unfortunately little is known about the factors that influence the help-seeking behaviours. Delays in seeking proper treatment are known to compromise the outcome of the care.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>To examine the help-seeking behaviours of individuals with mental health problems, and the factors that may influence such behaviours in Uganda.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Sixty-two interviews and six focus groups were conducted with stakeholders drawn from national and district levels. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted using a framework analysis approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The findings revealed that in some Ugandan communities, help is mostly sought from traditional healers initially, whereas western form of care is usually considered as a last resort. The factors found to influence help-seeking behaviour within the community include: beliefs about the causes of mental illness, the nature of service delivery, accessibility and cost, stigma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Increasing the uptake of mental health services requires dedicating more human and financial resources to conventional mental health services. Better understanding of socio-cultural factors that may influence accessibility, engagement and collaboration with traditional healers and conventional practitioners is also urgently required.</p

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasites among children under two years of age in a rural area of Rutsiro district, Rwanda – a cross-sectional study

Introduction:&nbsp;this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasite infections among children less than two years of age in Rutsiro, Rwanda. Methods:&nbsp;a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in Rutsiro in June 2016. Fresh stool samples were collected from 353 children and examined using microscopy to detect parasite. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on hygiene, sanitation, socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Results:&nbsp;approximately one in two children (44.8%) were found to be infected with at least one intestinal parasite. Ascaris (28.5%) was the most prevalent infection followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25.95%) and Giardia lamblia (19.6%). Infection with more than one pathogen was noted e.g. presence of Ascaris and yeasts (8.9%), and amoeba with Trichocephale (4.4%), respectively. Children from non-farming families were less likely to be at risk of intestinal parasite infections (AOR = 0.41, p = 0.028) compared to children from farming families. Children from households with access to treated drinking water were less likely to contract intestinal parasite infections (AOR = 0.44, p = 0.021) compared with those who used untreated water. Children from families with improved sources of water were twice as likely to be diagnosed with intestinal parasitoses compared to those who did not. We postulate that the majority of families (50.1%) who have access to improved water sources do not treat water before consumption. Conclusion:&nbsp;the high prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in children warrants strict control measures for improved sanitation, while treatment of drinking water should be considered

Penanganan distokia karena schistosomus reflexus pada sapi friesian holstein

Schistosomus reflexus merupakan kelaianan kongenital berupa dorsoflexi tulang belakang sehingga saat palpasi perektal akan teraba kepala dan ekstremitas fetus yang berdekatan. Rongga thoraks dan abdomen fetus gagal menutup sehingga terjadi paparan organ viseral. Tulisan ini melaporkan kasus schistosomus reflexus yang terjadi pada fetus dari seekor induk sapi Friesian Holstein. Keadaan induk sapi sudah 6 jam mengalami perejanan tanpa disertai adanya kelahiran. Pemeriksaan palpasi perektal ditemukan kaki belakang fetus melipat ke kepala fetus di jalan kelahiran. Kantung amnion sudah pecah dan disertai oleh keluarnya intestin fetus. Penanganan dilakukan melalui bedah sesar, namun setelah fetus berhasil dikeluarkan, beberapa organ fetus menempel pada uterus induk. Jaringan dari organ fetus yang sulit untuk dikeluarkan dari uterus dibiarkan dan uterus dijahit. Penjahitan kulit, lemak, dan otot dilakukan sekaligus dengan tipe jahitan interlocking menggunakan benang nilon. Induk sapi kemudian di culling karena persembuhan pascabedah kemungkinan akan sulit bagi induk sapi untuk kembali bereproduksi akibat sisa jaringan fetus yang masih berada dalam uterus

Exhibiting entrepreneurial behavior at work: a lived experience of a millennial entrepreneur

Purpose – This paper offers a story-based/narrative inquiry rooted in qualitative methodology, portraying a millennial entrepreneur in Uganda, a low-developed country that has successfully demonstrated entrepreneurial behaviors at work. The study of entrepreneurial behavior at workplaces by millennial entrepreneurs formed the basis for the real-life trials that entrepreneurs go through in their businesses. Besides, the produced empirical content gives a solid linkage between the story and the enterprise's work setting. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used storytelling to get a clear view of reality and obtain a real-life experience of entrepreneurial behavior at work. The experiences and perceptions of the millennial entrepreneur were assessed by conducting in-depth interviews while focusing on the context, actions, results and lessons to generate a coherent story. Findings – This paper reports that demonstrating entrepreneurial behavior at work by the millennial entrepreneur resulted in better performance that ultimately benefited the enterprise. Additionally, findings reveal that story-based narrative inquiry is appropriate for demonstrating the true reality at workplaces, especially in the context of exhibiting the behaviors of entrepreneurs. Other entrepreneurs can emulate what the actor did and benchmark on the findings to improve their performance and that of their enterprises. Originality/value – This study is unique in its use of a positive story showing a real-life experience of how entrepreneurial behaviors are exhibited at workplaces in micro and small enterprises in a low-developed country like Uganda. The paper also offers evidence and insights into the use of a positive story to demonstrate a practical experience of how millennial entrepreneurs demonstrate entrepreneurial behaviors at work. Additionally, the study used multiple theories that best explained the current practice of entrepreneurial behavior among millennials at workplaces in micro and small enterprises