PROFIL PASIEN DAN PROFIL PENGOBATAN DIARE DI KLINIK MEDIS UBAYA

Diarrhea is the increased frequency of bowel movement, with abnormal delivery of liquid or soft stools. Drug Related Problems are events or circumstances experienced but not desired by patients who are involved or suspected of involving in drug therapies that are actual and potential which can affect their health conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile treatment of diarrhea in patients at the Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya. Research conducted on the data of diarrhea cases in July-December 2008. As the sample in this study we used 48 people which were the total of the population. Based on demographic study, profile of patients with diarrhea, the most widely sexes suffer from diarrhea were female (64.58%). Age of the patients were mostly around 21 years old (29.17%). Class of drugs that were most widely used by people with diarrhea was antimotilitas (87.5%). The most widely drug used was loperamide hydrochloride (87.5%). There were no Drug Related Problems associated with treatment of diarrhea in patients at the Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya

ATP-induced calcium mobilization and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in H-35 hepatoma cells

AbstractAddition of ATP (but not epinephrine, angiotensin II, vasopressin, or platelet-activating factor) to H-35 hepatoma cells whose cellular lipids have been pre-labelled with [3H]inositol, causes a rapid increase in [3H]inositol trisphosphate. In H-35 cells pre-incubated in the presence of 45Ca2+, ATP causes a similarly rapid release of 45Ca2+. The concentration-effect relationships for inositol trisphosphate formation and Ca2+ efflux are similar to those reported previously for differentiated hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that at least one of the Ca2+-mobilizing receptors normally found on hepatocytes is functionally retained in the H-35 hepatoma cell line and thus could provide a useful model for the study of these receptor mechanisms in liver

Evaluation of Mechanical Tomato Harvesting Using Wireless Sensors

The harvesting of processing tomatoes is fully mechanised and it is well known that during harvest, fruits are subjected to mechanical stress causing physical injuries, including skin punctures, pulp and cell rupture. Some wireless sensors have been used for research during recent years with the main purpose of reducing the quality loss of tomato fruits by diminishing the number and intensity of impacts. In this study the IRD (impact recorder device) sensor was used to evaluate several tomato harvesters. The specific objectives were to evaluate the impacts during mechanical harvest using a wireless sensor, to determine the critical points at which damage occurs, and to assess the damage levels. Samples were taken to determine the influence of mechanical harvest on texture, or on other quality characteristics including percentage of damages. From the obtained data it has been possible to identify the critical points where the damages were produced for each one of the five harvester models examined. The highest risk of damage was in zone 1 of the combine—from the cutting system to the colour selector—because the impacts were of higher intensity and hit less absorbing surfaces than in zone 2—from colour selector to discharge. The shaker and exit from the shaker are two of the harvester elements that registered the highest intensity impacts. By adjusting, in a specific way each harvester model, using the results from this research, it has been possible to reduce the tomato damage percentage from 20 to 29% to less than 10%

Maternal Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Physical Outcomes up to 5 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Study

Aim To examine whether alcohol exposure in pregnancy affects weight and head circumference (HC) at birth and 5 years, and whether these effects are independent of cigarette exposure in pregnancy and social disadvantage. Study design The Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) involves a prospective cohort of 8556 mothers who were enrolled at first antenatal visit. The quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption in early and late pregnancy and a measure of binge drinking in early pregnancy were recorded. Weight and HC were measured on children seen at birth and at 5 years. Level of cigarette use in early pregnancy and maternal age and level of education and family income were also measured. Results Light and moderate alcohol consumption in early or later pregnancy had no independent effects on weight or HC at birth or 5 years. Binge drinking in early pregnancy was not associated with restricted HC, and there was no effect modification by concurrent cigarette use in early pregnancy. An apparent effect of alcohol in late pregnancy on birth weight was due to confounding by cigarette use, with social risk being an independent predictor. Conclusion Alcohol ingestion up to moderate levels in pregnancy was not associated with deficits in either weight or HC at birth or at 5 years

Dissection of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Pathology in 1-Month-Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Men, Part 2: Response to Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Naloxone

Pituitary and adrenal responsiveness is suppressed in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. To clarify the specific organizational disruption in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning during early abstinence, the authors separately assessed each level of the stress-response axis. In this second of a two-part study, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRH) was used to stimulate the pituitary corticotrophs, and naloxone was used to activate the axis at the hypothalamic level. In addition, pulsatile characteristics of corticotropin and cortisol were assessed over a 12-hr period (0800 to 2000 hr). Methods : Eleven abstinent alcohol-dependent men and 10 healthy comparison participants were assessed. All participants were between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and alcohol-dependent patients were abstinent from 4 to 6 weeks. Basal concentrations of corticotropin and cortisol were obtained every 10 min from 0800 to 2000 hr and subjected to pulsatile analysis. Plasma corticotropin and cortisol concentrations were then obtained every 5 to 10 min after low-dose, intravenously administered doses of oCRH (0.4 μg/kg) or naloxone (0.125 mg/kg). Medications were administered at 2000 hr and the two challenge studies were separated by 48 hr. Results : Pulsatile analysis revealed that the mean corticotropin amplitude was increased in alcohol-dependent patients relative to controls ( p < 0.05). Other pulsatile characteristics of corticotropin and all cortisol pulsatile measures were not significantly different between the two groups. The integrated cortisol response to oCRH was significantly lower in alcohol-dependent patients compared with controls ( p < 0.01), but the integrated corticotropin response was not significantly different. In contrast, neither the corticotropin nor the cortisol response to naloxone was significantly different between groups. Conclusions : Adrenocorticoid hyposensitivity persists after oCRH infusion for at least 1 month after cessation of drinking, whereas hyporesponsiveness of the pituitary corticotrophs to CRH seems to resolve with continued abstinence. The authors suggest that adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness during prolonged abstinence may impact relapse risk.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65174/1/01.ALC.0000158939.25531.EE.pd

Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta-analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior

An inverse relation between cortisol (re)activily and externalizing behavior has been hypothesized, but research findings seem equivocal. We tested this hypo(re)activity hypothesis in two meta-analyses, one for basal cortisol (k = 72 studies, N = 5,480) and one for cortisol reactivity to a stressor (k = 29 studies, N = 2,601). No association was found between cortisol reactivity and externalizing behaviors (r = -.04, 95% CI = -.11, .02). However, the relation between basal cortisol and externalizing behavior was significant but small (r = -.05, 95% CI = -.10, -.002). The age of the children significantly moderated this relation: Externalizing behavior was associated with higher basal cortisol (hyperactivity) in preschoolers (r =.09, 95% CI =.002, .17), and with lower basal cortisol (hypoactivity) in elementary school-aged children (r = -.14, 95% CI = -.19, -.08). There was no significant relation between cortisol and externalizing behavior in adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The 'antisocial' person: an insight in to biology, classification and current evidence on treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This review analyses and summarises the recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of violence and empathy, taxonomical issues on defining personality disorders characterised by disregard for social norms, evidence for efficacy of different treatment modalities and ethical implications in defining 'at-risk' individuals for preventive interventions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>PubMed was searched with the keywords 'antisocial personality disorder', 'dissocial personality disorder' and 'psychopathy'. The search was limited to articles published in English over the last 10 years (1999 to 2009)</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both diagnostic manuals used in modern psychiatry, the <it>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual </it>published by the American Psychiatric Association and the <it>International Classification of Diseases </it>published by the World Health Organization, identify a personality disorder sharing similar traits. It is termed antisocial personality disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manual and dissocial personality disorder in the <it>International Classification of Diseases</it>. However, some authors query the ability of the existing manuals to identify a special category termed 'psychopathy', which in their opinion deserves special attention. On treatment-related issues, many psychological and behavioural therapies have shown success rates ranging from 25% to 62% in different cohorts. Multisystemic therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy have been proven efficacious in many trials. There is no substantial evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological therapy. Currently, the emphasis is on early identification and prevention of antisocial behaviour despite the ethical implications of defining at-risk children.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Further research is needed in the areas of neuroendocrinological associations of violent behaviour, taxonomic existence of psychopathy and efficacy of treatment modalities.</p

Versets greve. En bibliografisk og tekstkritisk studie av Knut Hamsuns diktsamling Det vilde Kor.

Oppgaven stiller spørsmål ved Hamsuns eneste diktsamling, Det vilde Kor, fra 1904: I hvilken grad kan samlingen oppfattes som ett verk? Samlingen har siden 1904 blitt utgitt 20 ganger, men med ulikt innhold. Antallet dikt varierer mellom 44 og 64. Heller ikke tittelen er stabil. Samlingen utkom som Dikte i 1921, som Vildt Kor i 1927, som Det vilde Kor og andre dikte i 1959, 1993 og 1998, og som Det vilde Kor og andre dikt i 1999. Heller ikke de enkelte dikttekstene har forblitt uendrede siden førsteutgaven. Hamsun omarbeidet flere av dem radikalt i 1916, som følge av hans skifte fra dansk til norsk rettskriving. Likevel har Hamsun-forskningen aldri før gitt dette spørsmålet en uttømmende behandling. Med dette som bakgrunn kartlegges samlingens publiseringshistorie, den tekstlige variansen og dens begrunnelser: både i de utgavene forfatterens selv stod ansvarlig for, og i de utgavene som er utkommet etter hans død. Slik kombineres bibliografisk oversikt med tekstkritisk analyse. I tillegg studeres resepsjonen av verket både gjennom samtidig mottakelse og nyere artikler om Hamsuns lyrikk. Det grunnleggende spørsmålet om verkets ontologiske status – hva er et verk? Hva er Det vilde Kor? – kan i siste instans verken besvares normativt eller gis en endelig historisk begrunnelse, men diskusjonen av det demonstrerer en mangfoldig praksis som påkaller litteraturforskeres og tekstutgiveres årvåkenhet

The hydrolysis of inositol phospholipid in mouse exocrine pancreas / by Karin Anne Tennes

Bibliography: leaves 358-406xv, 406 leaves : ill ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 198

Analisis Drug Related Problems Pengobatan Diare pada Pasien di Klinik Medis Ubaya Periode Juli-Desember 2008

Diare adalah proses peningkatan frekuensi pengosongan usus, dengan penghantaran abnormal feses yang cair atau lunak. Drug related problems merupakan kejadian atau keadaan yang dialami pasien dan tidak diinginkan oleh pasien yang terlibat atau dicurigai melibatkan terapi pengobatan yang bersifat aktual dan potensial dapat mempengaruhi outcome kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis Drug Related Problems pengobatan diare pada pasien di Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap data penderita diare pada bulan Juli-Desember 2008. Jumlah penderita diare di Klinik Medis Univeritas Surabaya pada bulan Juli-Desember 2008 sebanyak 48 penderita. Sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini digunakan 48 orang yang merupakan total dari populasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap profil demografi penderita diare, jenis kelamin yang paling banyak menderita diare adalah perempuan sebanyak 64,58%. Umur yang paling banyak menderita diare adalah 21 tahun sebanyak 29,17%. Golongan obat yang paling banyak digunakan oleh penderita diare adalah antimotilitas sebanyak 87,5%. Jenis obat diare yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Loperamid hidroklorida sebanyak 87,5%. Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat Drug related Problems pengobatan diare pada pasien di Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya