Social indicators and the study of inequality - commentary

Economic indicators ; Public policy ; Income distribution ; New York (N.Y.)

Welfare reform and New York City's low-income population

Welfare ; Poverty

The Decline in Welfare Receipt in New York City: Push vs. Pull

To evaluate the initial effects of welfare reform in New York City, we use the Current Population Survey to compare benefit receipt, earnings, and income among vulnerable households in 1994-95 and 1997-99. Overall, there were drops in public assistance and Food Stamps receipt, but the proportion getting Medicaid remained stable. Citizens and noncitizens lost welfare at similar rates, but the decline was significantly greater for Hispanic households than blacks, and was greatest among Puerto Ricans. Both the proportion with earnings and average earnings rose for Hispanics, but earnings did not increase for vulnerable blacks and whites. The sharp difference between Hispanics and blacks resulted in the convergence of Hispanics' higher welfare rates and lower incomes toward those of blacks. This convergence represents both the "pull" of a tighter labor market, together with improvements in Hispanics' education levels and shifts in family structure, and "push" of tighter administrative procedures.Assistance; Food Stamp; Medicaid; Public Assistance; Welfare

ADR Comes of Age: What Can We Expect in the Future?

Important developments in dispute resolution are reported in the legal and popular press every day. We have recently seen, for example, major developments in arbitration ethics, mediator confidentiality, standards for mandatory consumer predispute processes and expansion of court-annexed ADR programs. This is an opportune time to think about the future of ADR, because dispute resolution has survived its infancy and its sometimes awkward adolescence without any obvious body piercings, tattoos or felony convictions and is now thriving, energetic and poised for its most productive period

Xenon fluorides show potential as fluorinating agents

Xenon fluorides permit the controlled addition of fluorine across an olefinic double bond. They provide a series of fluorinating agents that permit ready separation from the product at a high purity. The reactions may be carried out in the vapor phase

The influence of religion on the character and conduct of the Israel Defense Forces : a review of selected works

textIn light of an ever growing gap between Israel’s religious and secular communities, it is perhaps inevitable that the phenomenon would come to capture the interest of Israel-oriented scholars. Yet efforts to address the extent to which religion affects the nature and operations of the Israeli army and the degree to which that influence is advantageous – or perhaps detrimental – have been far from comprehensive. A manifestation of the religious-secular conflict, the religious-military cleavage within Israeli society has long been at the heart of Israel-focused research. Scholars have remained intrigued by the conflicts that arise when a soldier’s religious background is at odds with the inflexibility of army life. Many researchers have sought to measure the degree to which religion affects army cohesion and success in war, and determine whether or not religious influence on the State’s force is largely harmless or a looming threat. While scholars of both camps have posited credible theories crafted out of sound analyses, a review of selected scholarship on the subject suggests that the influence of religion on the Israeli military is benign. Opponents of religious influence on the military have failed to appreciate the benefits of integrating devout troops into the force and the successes of mediating mechanisms that have become instrumental to the IDF. Such mediators may have been implemented in an effort to accommodate religious soldiers, but the entire force has stood to benefit.Middle Eastern Studie

Vagina

Writings and artwork promoting vaginal health and awareness.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/feminist_zines/1004/thumbnail.jp