IN SITU RHEOLOGY OF THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE ALONG THE HAWAI‘IAN RIDGE

M.S. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

Risco tóxico de resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos e toxicidade reprodutiva em ratos Wistar /

Orientador : Paulo Roberto DalsenterDissertaçăo (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Cięncias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Farmacologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografi

Can unhealthy food purchases at checkout counters be discouraged by introducing healthier snacks? A real-life experiment in supermarkets in deprived urban areas in the Netherlands

Background: The checkout area in supermarkets is an unavoidable point of purchase where impulsive food purchases are likely to be made. However, the product assortment at the checkout counters is predominantly unhealthy. The aim of this real life experiment was to investigate if unhealthy food purchases at checkout counters in supermarkets in deprived urban areas in the Netherlands can be discouraged by the introduction of the Healthy Checkout Counter (HCC). In addition, we examined customers' perceptions towards the HCC. Methods: The HCC was an initiative of a leading supermarket chain in the Netherlands that consisted of displays with a selection of healthier snacks that were placed at the checkouts. We used a real life quasi-experimental design with 15 intervention and 9 control supermarkets. We also performed a cross-sectional customer evaluation in 3 intervention supermarkets using oral surveys to investigate customers' perceptions towards the HCC (n=134). The purchases of unhealthy and healthier snacks at checkouts were measured with sales data. Results: During the intervention period, customers purchased on average 1.7 (SD: 0.08) unhealthy snacks per 100 customers in the intervention supermarket and 1.4 (SD: 0.10) in the control supermarket. Linear regression analyses revealed no statistically significant difference in the change during the control and intervention period of sales of unhealthy snacks between the control and intervention supermarkets (B = - 0.008, 95% CI = - 0.15 to 0.14). The average number of healthier snacks purchased was 0.2 (SD: 0.3) items per 100 customers in the intervention supermarkets during the intervention period. Of the intervention customers, 41% noticed the HCC and 80% of them were satisfied or very satisfied with the intervention. Conclusions: This real life experiment in supermarkets showed that the placement of healthier snacks at checkouts did not lead to the substitution of unhealthy snack purchases with healthier alternatives. Although supermarket customers positively evaluated the HCC, future studies are needed to investigate other strategies to encourage healthier food purchases in supermarkets.</p

RESÍDUOS DE PESTICIDAS EM ALIMENTOS

This work had as objective to compare the levels of pesticide residues found in foods investigated for the of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods Program (APRFP) of the National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring (ANVISA) and to evaluate the possible toxic risk of their ingestion. This work compared the data of the reports of the APRFP of 2001 and 2003, where 2.647 samples of nine cultures of vegetables and fruits had been analyzed. The toxic risk for the population of the ingestion of these residues using data of the maximum limit of residue for each pesticide and data of alimentary consumption was calculated. Also it was determined the number of pesticides which exceeded the maximum limit allowed of pesticides found in cultures where its use is not allowed. The results showed that no significant modifications in the number of residues were found in the two evaluations made for the APRFP in the years of 2001 and 2003. Amongst the 2.647 analyzed samples 2.256 pesticide residues had been detected, of these, 68% were of regular use and 32% of irregular use(89% not authorized use and 11% above of the Maximum Limit of Residues). The pesticide number that presented toxic risk for the population was of 19 in the evaluation of the report of 2001 and 16 in the 2003 report. This data allowed to conclude that foods with pesticide residues would not have to present risk for the population, requiring better supervision practices of pesticides use in agriculture. .Este trabalho teve como objetivos comparar os níveis de resíduos de pesticidas encontrados em alimentos investigados pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas em Alimentos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (PARA/ANVISA) e avaliar o possível risco tóxico da sua ingestão. Para tanto, foram comparados os dados dos relatórios do PARA de 2001 e 2003, quando 2647 amostras de nove culturas de hortaliças e frutas foram analisadas. Calculou-se o risco tóxico da ingestão desses resíduos pela população utilizando dados do limite máximo de resíduo para cada pesticida e do consumo alimentar. Também determinou-se o número de pesticidas que ultrapassaram o limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) permitido e pesticidas encontrados em culturas cujo uso não é permitido. Os resultados indicaram que não houve modificações significativas no número de resíduos encontrados nas duas avaliações efetuadas pelo PARA entre os anos de 2001 e 2003. Dentre as 2.647 amostras analisadas foram detectados resíduos de 2.256 pesticidas, sendo 68% envolvendo o uso regular e 32% o uso irregular (não-autorizado 89% e uso acima do LMR 11%). Dezenove pesticidas apresentaram risco tóxico para a população na avaliação do relatório de 2001 e 16 no relatório de 2003. Esses dados permitem concluir que alimentos com resíduos de pesticidas não deveriam apresentar risco para a população, exigindo melhoria na fiscalização do uso de pesticidas na agricultura

Vignette 19: Invasive European Green Crab

European green crab pose documented threats to cultured and wild shellfish, eelgrass, and shoreline habitats and ecosystems. Because they can prey on juvenile crabs and shellfish, dense populations of EGC in the Salish Sea region could put fisheries and aquaculture resources in peril. After Fisheries and Oceans Canada researchers reported an established EGC population in Sooke Basin, BC in 2012, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) worked with Washington Sea Grant (WSG) to secure Puget Sound Marine and Nearshore Grant Program funding and establish a volunteer-based early detection and monitoring program. WSG launched Crab Team in 2015 with seven pilot sites. The program expanded to 26 sites the following year and has monitored more than 50 sites each year since. Concurrent with early detection monitoring, a team led by WDFW developed the Salish Sea Transboundary Action Plan for Invasive European Green Crab, providing a foundation for prevention, early detection, rapid response, research, and coordinated management throughout the Salish Sea

Unprecedented inequivalent metal coordination environments in a mixed-ligand dicobalt complex

Bimetallic complexes of the transition metals containing mixed diimine and dithiolate ligands are of fundamental interest on account of their intriguing electronic properties. Almost always, such complexes are isolated as species in which both the metal centers are in identical coordination environments - this means that the two metals often have identical redox properties. In contrast, mixed-diimine/dithiolate bimetallic complexes of the first row transition metals where the two metals are in dissimilar coordination environments are exceedingly rare, and are only known for nickel. Herein, we report the first ever example of a mixed-diimine/dithiolate dicobalt complex where the two cobalt centers are in different coordination environments. The synthesis of this compound is straightforward, and produces a complex in which the two cobalt centers display very different redox properties

The Western Pacific barred knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Pisces: Oplegnathidae), arriving with tsunami debris on the Pacific coast of North America

The Western Pacific Ocean barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus was found from 2013 to 2015 along the Pacific Coast of North America from Washington to California. The knifejaw was found in derelict vessels that had arrived on the Pacific Coast and that had been lost during the March 2011 Great Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Knifejaw were also found free living in the wild in regions known to have received Japanese tsunami marine debris. No previous records of O. fasciatus are known east of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Key words: Oplegnathus fasciatus, ocean rafting, marine debris, invasive species, tsunamiCo-Editors’ Note: This is one of the papers from the special issue of Aquatic Invasions on “Transoceanic Dispersal of Marine Life from Japan to North America and the Hawaiian Islands as a Result of the Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011." The special issue was supported by funding provided by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of the Government of Japan through the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)

Nanomaterial-based Sensors for the Study of DNA Interaction with Drugs

The interaction of drugs with DNA has been searched thoroughly giving rise to an endless number of findings of undoubted importance, such as a prompt alert to harmful substances, ability to explain most of the biological mechanisms, or provision of important clues in targeted development of novel chemotherapeutics. The existence of some drugs that induce oxidative damage is an increasing point of concern as they can cause cellular death, aging, and are closely related to the development of many diseases. Because of a direct correlation between the response, strength/ nature of the interaction and the pharmaceutical action of DNA-targeted drugs, the electrochemical analysis is based on the signals of DNA before and after the interaction with the DNA-targeted drug. Nowadays, nanoscale materials are used extensively for offering fascinating characteristics that can be used in designing new strategies for drug-DNA interaction detection. This work presents a review of nanomaterials (NMs) for the study of drug-nucleic acid interaction. We summarize types of drug-DNA interactions, electroanalytical techniques for evidencing these interactions and quantification of drug and/or DNA monitoring