All Detectable High-Molecular-Mass Penicillin-Binding Proteins Are Modified in a High-Level β-Lactam-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus mitis

All detectable high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins (HMM PBPs) are altered in a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mitis for which the b-lactam MICs are increased from those previously reported in our region (cefotaxime MIC, 64 mg/ml). These proteins were hardly detected at concentrations that saturate all PBPs in clinical isolates and showed, after densitometric analysis, 50-fold-lower radiotracer binding. Resistance was related to mosaic structure in all HMM PBP-coding genes, where critical region replacement was complemented not only by substitutions already reported for the closely related Streptococcus pneumoniae but also by other specific replacements that are presumably close to the active-site serine. Mosaic structure was also presumed in a pbp1a-sensitive strain used for comparison, confirming that these structures do not unambiguously imply, by themselves, detectable critical changes in the kinetic properties of these proteins.Fil: Amoroso, Ana Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Demares, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coyette, Jacques. Université de Liège; Bélgic

Expression and localization of glutamate-gated chloride channel variants in honeybee brain (Apis mellifera)

Due to its specificity to invertebrate species, glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) are the target sites of antiparasitic agents and insecticides, e.g. ivermectin and fipronil, respectively. In nematodes and insects, the GluCls diversity is broadened by alternative splicing. GluCl subunits have been characterized according to their sensitivity to drugs, and to their anatomical localization. In the honeybee, the GluCl gene can encode different alpha subunits due to alternative splicing of exon 3. We examined mRNA expression in brain parts and we confirmed the existence of two GluCl variants with RT-PCR, Amel_GluCl A and Amel_GluCl B. Surprisingly, a mixed isoform not yet described in insect was obtained, we called it Amel_GluCl C. We determined precise immunolocalization of peptide sequence corresponding to Amel_GluCl A and Amel_GluCl B in the honeybee brain. Amel_GluCl A is mainly located in neuropils, whereas Amel_GluCl B is mostly expressed in cell bodies. Both proteins can also be co-localized. According to their anatomical localization, different GluCl variants might be involved in olfactory and visual modalities and in learning and memory

Factores de la comunicación familiar asociados al consumo de drogas en estudiantes universitarios de Cartagena de Indias /

Se identificaron los procesos de comunicación familiar existentes y su incidencia en el consumo de drogas en estudiantes de pregrado de las instituciones de educación superior: Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, San Buenaventura y la de Cartagena de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). La investigación fue explicativa, y se hizo con una muestra de 1340 estudiantes de pregrado de una población de 18.306 universitarios de las universidades mencionadas anteriormente. Los instrumentos utilizados son una adaptación del Cuestionario de Barnes y Olson (1982) para el eje de la comunicación familiar, y el cuestionario de Cáceres, Salazar, Varela & Tovar (2006) para el análisis del consumo de drogas. Los hallazgos revelan los tipos de comunicación familiar que los jóvenes universitarios tienen en sus núcleos familiares (abierta, ofensiva y evitativa), como también se revelan qué factores de la comunicación inciden en la decisión de los estudiantes de consumir drogas legales o ilegales.Incluye bibliografí

Honeybee health in Africa - a review

Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pathogens and parasites and the negative effects thereof on honeybee populations remain an issue of public concern and the subject of active research. Africa with its high genetic diversity of honeybee sub-species and large wild population is also exposed to various factors responsible for colony losses in other parts of the world. Apart from the current American foulbrood epidemic in theWestern Cape of South Africa, no large-scale colony losses have been reported elsewhere on the continent. We discuss the presence of pathogens, parasites, pests and predators of African honeybees as well as the threats they face in relation to habitat changes arising from the impact of increased human populations. In addition, we discuss current efforts aimed at protecting and promoting the health of African honeybees.SouthAfrican National Research Foundation (NRF) and the University of Pretoria.http://link.springer.com/journal/135922017-05-31hb2016Zoology and Entomolog

Efecto de antiparasitarios de uso común en granjas ovinas ubicadas en Valledupar, Cesar

Introducción: Las enfermedades parasitarias se encuentran entre las causas más frecuentes e importantes que ocasionan repercusiones sanitarias y económicas en las producciones ovinas del país. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los antihelmínticos de uso común en parásitos gastrointestinales de granjas ovinas en Valledupar, Cesar. Métodos: Estudio realizado con 340 ovinos, divididos en 4 granjas (Control, Albendazol, Fenbendazol y Levamisol). Se seleccionó ovinos con carga parasitaria moderada; se les aplicó tratamiento antihelmíntico y un muestreo postratamiento (15 días). Se evidenciaron los nemátodos en estadío infectante (L3) mediante coprocultivo. Resultados: En los grupos tratados Febendazol, Albendazol y Levamisol se pudo obtener una efectividad de 44%, 65% y 84%, con un límite inferior (95%conf) de 60%, 70% y 86%, respectivamente. No obstante, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en cada grupo y entre los grupos tratados. Se recuperaron larvas de Cooperia curticei, Haemonchus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus, Trichostrongylus sp. y Ostertagia sp. Palabras claves: Ovinos; Parásitos; Carga parasitaria; Antihelmíntico; Resistencia

Swimming with captive dolphins: current debates and post-experience dissonance

Dolphins have widespread contemporary appeal and anthropomorphic social representations of dolphins have fuelled a growing desire in tourist populations to seek interaction with them. This paper is concerned with the staged performance of swim-with-dolphin interaction programmes in aquaria. Qualitative interviews with tourists who have swum with captive dolphins identified their immediate recollections and stressed the grace, size and power of dolphins, but also a belief that the experience was too staged, too short and too expensive. Post-purchase dissonance focused on concerns with the size of enclosures and about captivity, too many tricks, limited interpretation and unfulfilled expectations of a quality interaction

The search for freedom in extreme sports: A phenomenological exploration

Participation in extreme sports is continuing to grow, yet there is still little understanding of participant motivations in such sports. The purpose of this paper is to report on one aspect of motivation in extreme sports, the search for freedom. The study utilized a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. Fifteen international extreme sport participants who participated in sports such as BASE jumping, big wave surfing, extreme mountaineering, extreme skiing, rope free climbing and waterfall kayaking were interviewed about their experience of participating in an extreme sport. Results reveal six elements of freedom: freedom from constraints, freedom as movement, freedom as letting go of the need for control, freedom as the release of fear, freedom as being at one, and finally freedom as choice and responsibility. The findings reveal that motivations in extreme sport do not simply mirror traditional images of risk taking and adrenaline and that motivations in extreme sports also include an exploration of the ways in which humans seek fundamental human values. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

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