Imagining the Future: Young Australians on sex, love and community

Do young Australians understand and live ‘equality’ and ‘difference’ differently from older generations? Is Australia the gender equal society that many claim it to be? How do we understand and explain growing economic inequality when our dominant ideologies are individualism and neoliberalism? What are or should be the limits of tolerance in our negotiation of cultural difference? Imagining the Future explores our contemporary complex equality narrative through the desires and dreams of 1000 young Australians and 230 of their parents from diverse backgrounds across Australia. This ‘extraordinary’ data set affords analysis of the impact of gender, socio-economic disadvantage, ethnicity, Aboriginality and sexuality on young people’s ‘imagined life stories’, or essays written about their future. An intergenerational comparison assesses how different young people really are from older generations. The book offers a compelling and subtle engagement with the sometimes ‘deeply moving’, sometimes ‘hilarious’ voices of young people to deliver insight into the challenges and complexity of gender and other social relations in early 21st Australian society

‘If Most Men are Against Us, Can We Call Ourselves Feminists?’: Young People’s Views of Feminism – East and West

Based on a survey of 1700 largely young middle-class urban dwellers in ten countries in the Asia-Pacific region, this paper explores several dualist constructions of feminism

Two Clocks: A Comparison of Ceramic and Radiocarbon Dates at Macapainara, East Timor

Radiocarbon analysis and ceramic typology assessment are commonly used to date late Holocene archaeological sites in Island Southeast Asia. We apply both methods to date the site of Macapainara in East Timor, and they produce substantially different age ranges for this site. The radiocarbon dates are consistently later in time than ceramic typology dates from the same or adjacent stratigraphic levels. We assess the various sources of error for the two dating techniques that could produce this discrepancy, and conclude that the ceramic typology age ranges are misleadingly old due to concerted curation of fine ceramics by the site occupants. We discuss the implications of this for dating sites in East Timor and elsewhere within Island Southeast Asia

The Chronometric Holocene Archaeological Record Of The Southern Thai-malay Peninsula

A survey of the archaeological literature on the southern Thai-Malay Peninsula identifies 39 sites associated with chronometric dates suitable for quantitative analysis covering the Holocene, since 10,000 years ago. The essential criterion for accepting a date is an expected error of less than five percent in assessing the probability that the date refers to any of the 20 intervals of 500 years covered by the Holocene. The resulting documentation would suggest little changed occupancy levels for cave sites throughout the Holocene apart from a mid-Holocene dip. Higher levels of site occupancy are documented for the late Holocene than earlier times, due to the addition of a wide variety of open-air sites to the record. However, literal reliance on the quantitative results should be tempered with recognition that archaeological sites and their contents are prone to destruction with time or, in the case of open-air sites, preservation in contexts at inaccessible depths beneath the surface. Mid-Holocene and earlier open-air sites have been recovered only in exceptional circumstances, and so any review of the Peninsula's Holocene prehistory should be careful not to interpret absence of evidence as evidence of absence for early open-air sites. In the case of cave sites, some allowance can be made for the destruction of suitable dating materials over time. This allowance would point to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition at around 10,000 years ago, and an interval of elevated sea-levels at around 6,500 years ago, as the peak periods for occupancy rates of cave sites. These findings are discussed in the context of the probable commencement of the Neolithic in the Peninsula at around 6,500 years ago, and current issues in relating the archaeological record to the Austroasiatic (Aslian) and Austronesian (Malay) languages spoken by the indigenous inhabitants of the southern Peninsula

Interventions to help support caregivers of people with a brain or spinal cord tumour

Background The diagnosis and treatment of a brain or spinal cord tumour can have a huge impact on the lives of patients and their families with family caregiving often resulting in considerable burden and distress. Meeting the support needs of family caregivers is critical to maintain their emotional and physical health. Although support for caregivers is becoming more widely available, large‐scale implementation is hindered by a lack of high‐quality evidence for its effectiveness in the neuro‐oncology caregiver population. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of supportive interventions at improving the well‐being of caregivers of people with a brain or spinal cord tumour. To assess the effects of supportive interventions for caregivers in improving the physical and emotional well‐being of people with a brain or spinal cord tumour and to evaluate the health economic benefits of supportive interventions for caregivers. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 7), MEDLINE via Ovid, and Embase via Ovid. We also handsearched relevant published conference abstracts (previous five years), publications in the two main journals in the field (previous year), searched for ongoing trials via ClinicalTrials.gov, and contacted research groups in the field. The initial search was in March 2017 with an update in August 2018 (handsearches completed in January 2019). Selection criteria We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where caregivers of neuro‐oncology patients constituted more than 20% of the sample and which evaluated changes in caregiver well‐being following any supportive intervention. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies and carried out risk of bias assessments. We aimed to extract data on the outcomes of psychological distress, burden, mastery, quality of patient–caregiver relationship, quality of life, and physical functioning. Main results In total, the search identified 2102 records, of which we reviewed 144 in full text. We included eight studies. Four interventions focused on patient–caregiver dyads and four were aimed specifically at the caregiver. Heterogeneity of populations and methodologies precluded meta‐analysis. Risk of bias varied, and all studies included only small numbers of neuro‐oncology caregivers (13 to 56 participants). There was some evidence for positive effects of caregiver support on psychological distress, mastery, and quality of life (low to very low certainty of evidence). No studies reported significant effects on caregiver burden or quality of patient–caregiver relationship (low to very low certainty of evidence). None of the studies assessed caregiver physical functioning. For secondary outcomes (patient emotional or physical well‐being; health economic effects), we found very little to no evidence for the effectiveness of caregiver support. We identified five ongoing trials. Authors' conclusions The eight small‐scale studies included employed different methodologies across different populations, with low certainty of evidence overall. It is not currently possible to draw reliable conclusions regarding the effectiveness of supportive interventions aimed at improving neuro‐oncology caregiver well‐being. More high‐quality research is needed on support for family caregivers of people diagnosed, and living, with a brain or spinal cord tumour

The Inside View On Makassar's 16th To 17th Century History: Changing Marital Alliances And Persistent Settlement Patterns

The alliance of the Makasar-speaking kingdoms of Gowa and Talloq elevated Makassar to the status of an empire before its conquest in 1667 by the Dutch in alliance with the Bugis, Makassar's local enemies. In my previous research I recognised three main phases in Makassar's history: a growth phase (circa 1500–1593) when Gowa expanded territorially, cemented by the marriage of local princesses into the royal Gowa line; a consolidation phase (1593–1667) characterised by reciprocal marital exchange between Gowa and Talloq and their surrounding polities; and a disintegration phase (1667–1700) when Gowa and Talloq became givers rather than takers of princesses. Recent translations into English by William Cummings of the texts on which I based my analysis provide the opportunity to test the validity of my three-phase scenario. Further, how political relations changed during the first two phases can be illustrated through reconstructing the geopolitical landscape of Makassar and its hinterland at four time slices: the early and middle 16th century, and the early and middle 17th century

Continuities in Southeast Asian evolution since the late Pleistocene : some new material described and some old questions reviewed

Southeast Asia of the historical present is a region of immense anthropological interest, a "human kaleidoscope" (Bowles 1977:189) where hunting and gathering tribes, settled horticulturalists and centralised states, and all shades of societal organisation in between, coexist in a mosaic network. The physical anthropology of the indigines also is diverse, and earlier scholars posited a number of 'types' to account for the variability evident. A classic in this vein is the brother Sarasins (1905-1906) "Versuch einer Anthropologie der Insel Celebes" where they synthesised the information then available to describe four types, a Negrito, Veddoid, proto-Malay and deutero-Malay type. However the past has not been silent: just as archaeological discoveries have remodelled the way in which scholars now view historical and contemporary southeast Asia, so prehistoric skeletal discoveries have remodelled the approach to recent southeast Asian variation

IDENTIFIKASI DAN INTERPRETASI LANJUTAN TEMUAN RANGKA MANUSIA SITUS LEANG JARIE (LJ-1), MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN

This article aims to provide further interpretation of human skeleton from the Leang Jarie site (LJ-1), Maros, South Sulawesi. The context of this human skeleton comes from Neolithic period that associate with bone remains, faunal bones artefacts, lithic artefact, mollusk shells, pottery and ochre. Anatomical description, analysis and interpretation of individuals are a priority for comparisons with previous explorations. The updated biological aspects are based on sex, age at death, estimated height and the affiliation the of the individual. The method used physical anthropology and bioarchaeology to obtain more detailed observations of the osteology and biological aspects of the LJ-1 skeleton. The size of the LJ-1 mandible was compared with the average size of other modern humans in the Southeast Asian Archipelago and the Pacific region. The results show some changes to the initial distinctions that had been made. The individual’s height was between 157–166 cm, and he was a male with the estimated age at death of 30–49 years. Also relevant to the individual’s affiliation, the extant mandibular sockets reveal loss of the teeth before death (alveoloclasia). It is concluded that the LJ-1 individual belonged to a Neolithic society whose subsistence economy was characterized by the consumption of carbohydrates.     Artikel ini bertujuan memberikan interpretasi lanjutan terhadap rangka manusia dari situs Leang Jarie (LJ-1), Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Konteks temuan rangka berasal dari masa Neolitik dengan asosiasi temuan berupa tulang sisa makanan, artefak tulang fauna, artefak batu, cangkang moluska, tembikar dan oker. Deskripsi anatomis, analisis dan interpretasi individu menjadi prioritas pembahasan dibandingkan penelitian identifikasi sebelumnya. Aspek biologis yang terbarukan antara lain peninjauan terhadap penentuan jenis kelamin, usia kematian, estimasi tinggi badan dan afiliasi individu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan osteologi dan aspek biologis temuan rangka LJ-1 secara detail dengan pendekatan antropologi ragawi dan bioarkeologi. Untuk ukuran mandibula LJ-1, dilakukan perbandingan dengan ukuran rata-rata mandibula manusia modern di kepulauan Asia Tenggara dan Wilayah Pasifik. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan beberapa perbedaan dibandingkan dengan identifikasi awal yang telah dilakukan. Ukuran tinggi individu yaitu antara 157– 166 cm, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan estimasi kematian pada usia 30 – 49 tahun. Berhubungan dengan kondisi patologis LJ-1, soket mandibula yang tersisa menunjukkan hilangnya gigi sebelum kematian (alveoloklasia). Demikian juga disimpulkan bahwa LJ-1 adalah bagian dari masyarakat Neolitik yang ekonomi subsistensinya ditandai dengan pengkonsumsian kaya karbohidrat.This article aims to provide further interpretation of human skeleton from the Leang Jarie site (LJ-1), Maros, South Sulawesi. The context of this human skeleton comes from Neolithic period that associate with bone remains, faunal bones artefacts, lithic artefact, mollusk shells, pottery and ochre. Anatomical description, analysis and interpretation of individuals are a priority for comparisons with previous explorations. The updated biological aspects are based on sex, age at death, estimated height and the affiliation the of the individual. The method used physical anthropology and bioarchaeology to obtain more detailed observations of the osteology and biological aspects of the LJ-1 skeleton. The size of the LJ-1 mandible was compared with the average size of other modern humans in the Southeast Asian Archipelago and the Pacific region. The results show some changes to the initial distinctions that had been made. The individual’s height was between 157–166 cm, and he was a male with the estimated age at death of 30–49 years. Also relevant to the individual’s affiliation, the extant mandibular sockets reveal loss of the teeth before death (alveoloclasia). It is concluded that the LJ-1 individual belonged to a Neolithic society whose subsistence economy was characterized by the consumption of carbohydrates.     Artikel ini bertujuan memberikan interpretasi lanjutan terhadap rangka manusia dari situs Leang Jarie (LJ-1), Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Konteks temuan rangka berasal dari masa Neolitik dengan asosiasi temuan berupa tulang sisa makanan, artefak tulang fauna, artefak batu, cangkang moluska, tembikar dan oker. Deskripsi anatomis, analisis dan interpretasi individu menjadi prioritas pembahasan dibandingkan penelitian identifikasi sebelumnya. Aspek biologis yang terbarukan antara lain peninjauan terhadap penentuan jenis kelamin, usia kematian, estimasi tinggi badan dan afiliasi individu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan osteologi dan aspek biologis temuan rangka LJ-1 secara detail dengan pendekatan antropologi ragawi dan bioarkeologi. Untuk ukuran mandibula LJ-1, dilakukan perbandingan dengan ukuran rata-rata mandibula manusia modern di kepulauan Asia Tenggara dan Wilayah Pasifik. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan beberapa perbedaan dibandingkan dengan identifikasi awal yang telah dilakukan. Ukuran tinggi individu yaitu antara 157– 166 cm, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan estimasi kematian pada usia 30 – 49 tahun. Berhubungan dengan kondisi patologis LJ-1, soket mandibula yang tersisa menunjukkan hilangnya gigi sebelum kematian (alveoloklasia). Demikian juga disimpulkan bahwa LJ-1 adalah bagian dari masyarakat Neolitik yang ekonomi subsistensinya ditandai dengan pengkonsumsian kaya karbohidrat

Climate change and postglacial human dispersals in southeast Asia

Modern humans have been living in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) for at least 50,000 years. Largely because of the influence of linguistic studies, however, which have a shallow time depth, the attention of archaeologists and geneticists has usually been focused on the last 6,000 years--in particular, on a proposed Neolithic dispersal from China and Taiwan. Here we use complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequencing to spotlight some earlier processes that clearly had a major role in the demographic history of the region but have hitherto been unrecognized. We show that haplogroup E, an important component of mtDNA diversity in the region, evolved in situ over the last 35,000 years and expanded dramatically throughout ISEA around the beginning of the Holocene, at the time when the ancient continent of Sundaland was being broken up into the present-day archipelago by rising sea levels. It reached Taiwan and Near Oceania more recently, within the last approximately 8,000 years. This suggests that global warming and sea-level rises at the end of the Ice Age, 15,000-7,000 years ago, were the main forces shaping modern human diversity in the region