INFLUÊNCIA DO MANEJO QUÍMICO NO CAPIM AMARGOSO EM CULTIVO DE SOJA

A soja é uma cultura de elevado potencial produtivo, entretanto sua produção é limitada pelas plantas daninhas, devido a competição por fatores abióticos, além de produzir substancias alelopáticas capazes de interferir na qualidade e produtividade da cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do herbicida glyphosate, isolado ou em mistura com haloxifop-p-metílico, no controle do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental com a cultura da soja e desenvolvimento espontâneo de plantas daninhas. Os tratamentos foram: dose recomendada de glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); dose recomendada de haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 i.a.); meia dose de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 i.a., respectivamente); dose recomendada de glyphosate + haloxyfop; meia dose de glyphosate + dose recomendada de haloxyfop; dose recomendada de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop; testemunha sem a presença de plantas daninhas e com presença de daninhas. Foram avaliados os componentes produtivos da soja, fitotoxicidade do herbicida na cultura e na espécie invasora, e a massa vegetal da planta daninha. Os tratamentos com haloxyfop isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate promovem amarelecimento evoluindo para necrose do capim-amargoso, entretanto, em aplicação de glyphosate isoladamente, este apresentou pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as plantas daninhas, indicando possível tolerância do biótipo do capim amargoso ao glyphosate. A produtividade da soja apresenta decréscimo de até 3.059 kg ha-1 (90,10%) quando comparado com áreas onde houve aplicação. A população de plantas de soja por metro linear é reduzida significativamente quando não há o controle químico das plantas daninhas.Palavras-chave: Digitaria insularis; fitointoxicação; herbicida. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE BITTER CAPIM IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION ABSTRACT: Soybean is a crop with high productive potential, but its production is limited by weeds due to competition for abiotic factors, as well as producing allelopathic substances capable of interfering with the quality and productivity of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the glyphosate herbicide, isolated or in combination with haloxyfop-p-methyl, in the control of bittergrass (Digitaria insularis). The work was developed in an experimental area with the soybean crop and spontaneous development of weeds. The treatments were: recommended dose of glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); recommended dose of haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 a.i.); half dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 a.i., respectively); recommended dose of glyphosate + haloxyfop; half dose of glyphosate + recommended dose of haloxyfop; recommended dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop; control without the presence of weeds. The productive components of soybean, phytotoxicity of the herbicide in the crop and the invasive species, and the plant mass of the weed were evaluated. The treatments with haloxyfop alone or in combination with glyphosate promote yellowing evolving towards amargoso necrosis; however, in application of glyphosate alone, this showed little or no effect on the weeds, indicating a possible tolerance of the biotype of the bitter grass to the glyphosate. Soybean yield decreased by up 3,059 kg ha-1 (90.10%) when compared to areas where there was application. The population of soybean plants per linear meter is significantly reduced when there is no chemical control of weeds.Keywords: Digitaria insularis; phytointoxication; herbicide

Sward Management Targets in Natural Grasslands of Southern Brazil

The relationship between environment, plant and animal is one of the most important focuses in the ecological and productive context of natural grasslands. The limited knowledge of the complexity of this environment can lead to inappropriate management strategies, determining degradation, biodiversity and productivity losses. This study is based on the concept that the best way to conserve natural grasslands is through adequate management targets. This study aimed to identify sward management targets that maximize productivity in natural grasslands of Southern Brazil

Renewing Felsenstein’s phylogenetic Bootstrap in the era of big data

Felsenstein’s application of the bootstrap method to evolutionary trees is one of the most cited scientific papers of all time. The bootstrap method, which is based on resampling and replications, is used extensively to assess the robustness of phylogenetic inferences. However, increasing numbers of sequences are now available for a wide variety of species, and phylogenies based on hundreds or thousands of taxa are becoming routine. With phylogenies of this size Felsenstein’s bootstrap tends to yield very low supports, especially on deep branches. Here we propose a new version of the phylogenetic bootstrap in which the presence of inferred branches in replications is measured using a gradual ‘transfer’ distance rather than the binary presence or absence index used in Felsenstein’s original version. The resulting supports are higher and do not induce falsely supported branches. The application of our method to large mammal, HIV and simulated datasets reveals their phylogenetic signals, whereas Felsenstein’s bootstrap fails to do so

Factors associated with physical activity level of elderly users of the third age gyms

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the level of physical activity in older adults users of the Third Age Gyms (TAGs). Method: A total of 115 elderly people of both sexes participated, with mean age of 67.5 years (± 6.42), users of TAGs. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used. The analysis of the results was performed using a descriptive and inferential statistical approach using the Pearson Chi-square test, with gross odds ratios, binary logistic regression analysis, using a hierarchical analysis and a final regression model with the adjusted odds ratios. The analysis was made by means of descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson's chi-square test, with calculation of odds gross ratios, binary logistic regression analysis, using hierarchical analysis and a final regression model to calculate the odds ratios adjusted. Results: There was a significant association between physical activity level with sex (p = 0.004), educational level (p = 0.048), perceived health (p = 0.046) and the importance of health to exercise (p <0.001). It is noteworthy that the women showed a 0.262 protection factor, have 73.8% chance of being the most active/very active compared to men. Also, seniors who have perception of good health/very good and consider exercise as important for the health showed a protection factor of 0.276 and 0.097 respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the female sex, the high level of education, the perception of good health and the knowledge of the importance of exercise for health were associated with the active/very active level of physical activities in the TAGs.Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao nível de atividade física de idosos usuários das Academias da Terceira Idade (ATIs). Método: Participaram 115 idosos de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 67,5 anos (±6,42), usuários das ATIs. Foi utilizado um questionário sócio demográfico e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A análise dos resultados foi realizada mediante abordagem de estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, com cálculo dos odds ratios brutos, análise de regressão logística binária, utilizando-se análise hierarquizada e um modelo final de regressão com cálculo dos odds ratios ajustado. Resultados: Foi encontrada associação significativa do nível de atividade física com o sexo (p=0,004), nível de escolaridade (p=0,048), percepção de saúde (p=0,046) e com a importância do exercício para a saúde (p<0,001). Ressalta-se que a mulheres apresentaram um fator de proteção de 0,262, ou seja, possuem 73,8% de chance a mais de serem ativas/muito ativas em comparação aos homens. Além disso, os idosos que possuem percepção de saúde boa/muito boa e que consideram o exercício como importante para a saúde apresentaram um fator de proteção de 0,276 e 0,097, respectivamente. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se o sexo feminino, a alta escolaridade, a percepção de boa saúde e o conhecimento da importância do exercício para a saúde estiveram associados ao nível ativo/muito ativo de atividades física nas ATIs

Modelagem do crescimento de salmonella spp. Em carne de frango armazenada em diferentes condições de temperatura / Modeling the growth of salmonella spp. In broiler meat stored at different temperature conditions

Objetivou-se modelar o crescimento de Salmonella spp. em carne de frango moído (CFM) sob diferentes condições isotérmicas e não isotérmicas. Os dados de crescimento de Salmonella spp. em CFM nas temperaturas entre 15 e 42 ºC de armazenamento foram adquiridos do trabalho de Juneja et al. (2007), disponíveis na base de dados Combase e o modelo de Baranyi e Roberts foi ajustado às curvas de crescimento. Pode-se afirmar que o modelo apresentou ótimo desempenho para descrever o crescimento de Salmonella spp. em CFM nas seis temperaturas avaliadas, com valores de R2 ? 0,99 e Erros Padrão dos ajustes próximos de zero. O modelo da Raiz Quadrada foi selecionado para gerar as predições do crescimento em condições de oscilação de temperatura, destacando a importância na manutenção da cadeia do frio, pois uma mínima alteração nessas condições pode provocar um aumento expressivo no crescimento de micro-organismos patogênicos. Pode-se concluir que a aplicação de modelos preditivos e softwares de fácil utilização pode auxiliar às indústrias de cárneos na determinação da contaminação de alimentos, sem a necessidade de realização de vários experimentos para determinar a qualidade e a segurança dos produtos

Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red PBM as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 from a zebrafish model. RT-PCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that rSpike was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern like those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment decreased the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike-treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipids metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19, and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.publishedVersio

Em torno da mesa do rei: artefatos, convivialidade e celebração no Rio de Janeiro joanino

Este artigo aborda um aspecto relevante do ritual das refeições na corte de D. João VI, no Rio de Janeiro: a prataria de mesa. Isto é, objetos de luxo destinados a servir e a consumir os alimentos. Com base em um inventário de bens de mesa enviados do Rio de Janeiro para Lisboa junto com o monarca em seu retorno a Portugal, em 1821, este artigo procura refletir sobre as funções e possíveis usos desses objetos, assim como sobre a importância desse universo material para o funcionamento, representação e celebração da Casa Real portuguesa na sua nova sede. O artigo argumenta que a presença e o uso de baixelas de prata de serviço, mas também de grande aparato, nas refeições públicas da família real pode contribuir para se repensar a imagem de uma corte pobre e sem brilho recorrentemente reforçada na historiografia do período joanino.This article discusses a specific issue of the royal dinner's rituals at the Court of Rio de Janeiro: the silver service: some luxury artifacts of different forms specially made to serve and consume food. Based on a inventory of these silver objects and also on a stock of table linen which were shipped to Lisbon, along with the royal family in 1821, The article intend to explore the functions and utilities of those objects at the table, as well as, analyze the importance of this material universe for the functioning, representation and celebration of the Portuguese Royal House in its new headquarters.The article argues that the use and even the exhibition of the banquet silver in public ceremonies may contribute to change a rather depreciative image of poverty the royal court in Brazil, which has being explored by the historiography for more than a hundred years

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016