IDENTIDAD ÉTNICA Y RECONOCIMIENTO EN LA COMUNIDAD BOREL EN ITAGI-BA

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa sobre identidade étnica dos moradores da comunidade do Borel, localizada na zona rural do município de Itagi-BA. O estudo teve um viés hermenêutico, proporcionando uma análise acerca das relações e fronteiras étnicas que perpassam a realidade local. No trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa fundamentada no método da História Oral, e quanto aos procedimentos caracterizou-se como pesquisa de campo, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações. Participaram como amostragem quatro pessoas pertencentes à comunidade. Assim, os resultados do estudo, respondendo ao problema, apontaram que a origem familiar, o território, o sentimento de unidade e a religiosidade vivenciada no dia a dia são os pontos centrais na construção da identidade étnica entre os moradores.This article is the result of research on the ethnic identity of residents of the Borel community, located in the rural area of ​​the municipality of Itagi-BA. The study was guided by the hermeneutic approach, providing an analysis about the relations and ethnic borders that permeate the local reality. The work adopted a qualitative approach based on the Oral History method, and as for the procedures, it was characterized as field research, using semi-structured interviews and observations. Four people from the community participated as a sample. Thus, the results of the study, responding to the problem, pointed out that the family origin, the territory, the feeling of unity and the religiosity experienced on a daily basis are the central points in the construction of ethnic identity among the residents.Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación sobre la identidad étnica de los habitantes de la comunidad Borel, ubicada en la zona rural del municipio de Itagi-BA. El estudio se orientó por el enfoque hermenéutico, proporcionando un análisis sobre las relaciones y fronteras étnicas que permean la realidad local. El trabajo adoptó un enfoque cualitativo basado en el método de la Historia Oral, y en cuanto a los procedimientos, se caracterizó como una investigación de campo, utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones. Cuatro personas de la comunidad participaron como muestra. Así, los resultados del estudio, respondiendo al problema, apuntaron que el origen familiar, el territorio, el sentimiento de unidad y la religiosidad vivida en el día a día son los puntos centrales en la construcción de la identidad étnica entre los residentes.Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa sobre identidade étnica dos moradores da comunidade do Borel, localizada na zona rural do município de Itagi-BA. O estudo teve um viés hermenêutico, proporcionando uma análise acerca das relações e fronteiras étnicas que perpassam a realidade local. No trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa fundamentada no método da História Oral, e quanto aos procedimentos caracterizou-se como pesquisa de campo, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações. Participaram como amostragem quatro pessoas pertencentes à comunidade. Assim, os resultados do estudo, respondendo ao problema, apontaram que a origem familiar, o território, o sentimento de unidade e a religiosidade vivenciada no dia a dia são os pontos centrais na construção da identidade étnica entre os moradores

RECONHECIMENTO E PERTENÇA ÉTNICA DOS AFRO-BRASILEIROS NO CONTEXTO DAS RELAÇÕES

Thinking about ethnic relations in the country is essential to overcome the marginalization historically and culturally imposed on Afro-Brazilians, and it is pertinent to study themes related to identity because ethnic issues are the basis of norms and behaviors. This work arose with the objective of investigating how the recognition and ethnic belonging of Afro-Brazilians is seen in the context of relationships by traditional and current theorists. The present study is justified by the need to collaborate in overcoming prejudiced stigmas that marginalize people. Finally, based on the theoretical construct placed in this text, it is evident that the recognition and belonging of Afro-Brazilians in the context of relationships, taking into consideration ethnicity as an aspect of this recognition, is perceived by several theorists as something that is structured in the biological field, in the social highlighting and interaction.Pensar en las relaciones étnicas en el país es esencial para superar la marginación impuesta histórica y culturalmente a los afrobrasileños, siendo pertinente estudiar los temas relacionados con la identidad porque las cuestiones étnicas son la base de las normas y los comportamientos. Este trabajo surgió con el objetivo de investigar cómo el reconocimiento y la pertenencia étnica de los afrobrasileños es vista en el contexto de las relaciones por los teóricos tradicionales y actuales. El presente estudio se justifica por la necesidad de colaborar en la superación de los estigmas prejuiciosos que marginan a las personas. Finalmente, con base en el constructo teórico colocado en el presente texto, es evidente que el reconocimiento y la pertenencia de los afrobrasileños en el contexto de las relaciones, teniendo en cuenta la etnicidad como un aspecto de este reconocimiento, es percibido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estructura en el campo biológico, en el destaque e interacción social.Pensar sobre as relações étnicas no país é fundamental para superar a marginalização imposta histórica e culturalmente aos afro-brasileiros, sendo pertinente estudar temáticas relacionadas à identidade pelo fato das questões étnicas serem a base de normas e comportamentos. Este trabalho surgiu com o objetivo de investigar como é visto o reconhecimento e a pertença étnica dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações por teóricos tradicionais e atuais. O presente estudo se justifica dado à necessidade de colaborar na superação de estigmas preconceituosos e que marginalizam pessoas.  Por fim, fundamentado no constructo teórico colocado no presente texto, fica evidente que o reconhecimento e a pertença dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações, levando em consideração a etnicidade como aspecto desse reconhecimento, é percebido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estrutura no campo biológico, no realce e interação social.Pensar sobre as relações étnicas no país é fundamental para superar a marginalização imposta histórica e culturalmente aos afro-brasileiros, sendo pertinente estudar temáticas relacionadas à identidade pelo fato das questões étnicas serem a base de normas e comportamentos. Este trabalho surgiu com o objetivo de investigar como é visto o reconhecimento e a pertença étnica dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações por teóricos tradicionais e atuais. O presente estudo se justifica dado à necessidade de colaborar na superação de estigmas preconceituosos e que marginalizam pessoas.  Por fim, fundamentado no constructo teórico colocado no presente texto, fica evidente que o reconhecimento e a pertença dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações, levando em consideração a etnicidade como aspecto desse reconhecimento, é percebido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estrutura no campo biológico, no realce e interação social

Análise estatística da velocidade do vento em Petrolina-PE utilizando as distribuições Weibull e a Burr

Dentre algumas fontes renováveis de energia, destacam-se os ventos. No Brasil, em especial na região Nordeste, tem-se observado avanços quanto aos estudos e investimentos em localidades consideradas potenciais produtoras de energia eólica. Neste contexto, podem ser empregadas as funções densidade de probabilidade de modelos de distribuição como forma auxiliar à tomada de decisão sobre a escolha de uma determinada região para a instalação de parques eólicos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se analisar o potencial eólico para geração de energia proveniente dos ventos em Petrolina-PE, com a série histórica de velocidade do vento de 01/01/2015 a 31/12/2016 e através da comparação entre os ajustes realizados pelas distribuições Weibull com dois parâmetros (Weibull-2p) e Burr, bem como a partir da análise da velocidade média do vento verificada na região. Além disso, observar a direção predominante dos ventos por meio da Rosa dos Ventos. Para a estimação dos parâmetros das distribuições, foi adotado o Método da Máxima Verossimilhança (MMV) que tem alcançado valores ótimos em relação a outros métodos de estimativa de parâmetros. Os critérios de seleção AIC e BIC, a estatística de Anderson-Darling e as acurácias MAPE e MAD foram adotadas para a avaliação da bondade dos ajustes das distribuições, onde se verificou que a Weibull-2p forneceu melhor modelagem aos dados analisados. A direção predominante dos ventos encontrada foi a sudeste, com variação entre ~105º e ~135º e velocidade média de 8,4m/s. Com os resultados obtidos, a região estudada alcançou, segundo classificação do NREL, avaliação esplêndida para a viabilidade de geração de energia eólica

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved.Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/ml; in plasma diluted 1:10) of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega (100 pg/ml; in 1:10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients >80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1124 deceased patients (aged 20 days to 99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-beta. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected individuals from the general population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the proportion of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 uninfected individuals: 1% of individuals 80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-beta do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over 80s and total fatal COVID-19 cases.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Dynamics of Early Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron Lineages in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Brazil is one of the nations most affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The introduction and establishment of new virus variants can be related to an increase in cases and fatalities. The emergence of Omicron, the most modified SARS-CoV-2 variant, caused alarm for the public health of Brazil. In this study, we examined the effects of the Omicron introduction in Minas Gerais (MG), the second-most populous state of Brazil. A total of 430 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) samples from November 2021 to June 2022 from Belo Horizonte (BH) city were sequenced. These newly sequenced genomes comprise 72% of all previously available SARS-CoV-2 genomes for the city. Evolutionary analysis of novel viral genomes reveals that a great diversity of Omicron sublineages have circulated in BH, a pattern in-keeping with observations across Brazil more generally. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstructions indicate that this diversity is a product of a large number of international and national importations. As observed previously, São Paulo state is shown as a significant hub for viral spread throughout the country, contributing to around 70% of all viral Omicron introductions detected in MG

Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil

During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Cear&aacute; and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country