The emerging role of cellular senescence in renal diseases

Cellular senescence represents the state of irreversible cell cycle arrest during cell division. Cellular senescence not only plays a role in diverse biological events such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and repair, ageing and tumour occurrence prevention, but it is also involved in many cardiovascular, renal and liver diseases through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and its possible effects on a variety of renal diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of senescent and SASP blockade, which is considered as a promising strategy for the management of renal diseases

A Frequent Pattern Mining Algorithm Based on Concept Lattice

The concept lattice is an effective tool for data analysis and rule extraction, it is often well to mine frequent patterns by making use of concept lattice. In this paper, a frequent itemset mining algorithm FPCL based on concept lattice which builds lattice in batches, the algorithm builds lattice down layer by layer through the layer concept nodes and temporary nodes based on hierarchical concept lattice; and seeks up the parent-child relationship upward concept nodes layer by layer, which can be generated the Hasse diagram with the inter-layer connection. In addition, in the process of the generation of each lattice node, we do the dynamic pruning for the concept lattice based on the minimum support degree and relevant properties, and delete a large number of non-frequent, repeat and containing nodes, such that redundant lattice nodes do not generate, thus the space and time complexities of the algorithm are greatly enhanced. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a good performance

Effects of temperature and dissolved CO2 on the scaling of water in the presence of copper and zinc

In this study, through the method of rapid controlled precipitation (RCP), the influence of temperature and dissolved CO2 on the scaling capacity of mineral water in the presence of copper and zinc ions was studied in laboratory experiments. The results indicated that with a rise in temperature or concentration of dissolved CO2, the scaling time of Salvetat water greatly decreased and the rate of precipitation considerably increased; therefore, the minimum dosage of copper or zinc ion for achieving total inhibition of scaling needed to be increased, which would provide better guidance for practical use of metal ions in inhibiting the scaling of drinking water

From powder to cloth: Facile fabrication of dense MOF-76(Tb) coating onto natural silk fiber for feasible detection of copper ions

The deposition of powdered MOFs material onto other substrates is essential to avoid inconvenience during its practical applications. In this work, domestic silk fiber was utilized as the skeleton, for successful coating of dense luminescent MOF-76(Tb). Its surface functionality which consist of abundance of intrinsic carboxylic groups, smooth surface structure, and 80% of tensile strength were maintained after being immersed in different thermal solvents (water, ethanol, DMF @ 80 °C) for 24 h, revealing good solvent and thermal resistance. By using hydrothermal, microwave assisted, and layer-by-layer methods, different crystal morphologies (pillar-like, sedimentary-rock-like, and needle-like morphology) and varying degrees of surface coverage rate were obtained, as a result of different levels of anchoring promotion and crystal controlling effect. The MOFs coating can be confirmed by its XRD pattern and fluorescent property. More importantly, the quenching effect of the composite in a condition of Cu2+ was first reported with high selectivity, sensitivity (i.e. a linear detection concentration range of 10−3–10−5 M with a low detection limit up to 0.5 mg/L, KSV of 1192 M−1 at 293 K), and rapid response time (5 min), making the composite a good candidate for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of aquatic Cu2+. The quenching mechanism is proposed to associate with the interaction between Cu2+ and benzene-tricarboxylate (BTC) ligand, which resulted in the decrease of energy transfer efficiency. The selectivity over other common cations depends on the unsaturated electron configuration and the smaller ionic radius of Cu2+

Alleviating Effect and Mechanism of Cold Shock Pretreatment on Browning of Fresh-Cut Pitaya Fruit

The alleviating effect and mechanism of cold shock pretreatment (−2 ℃ cold air for 3 h) on flesh browning in fresh-cut pitaya fruit was explored by evaluating its effect on the phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidant system during storage. Results revealed that cold shock pretreatment efficiently inhibited the increase in electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the control. Cold shock pretreatment promoted the gene expression and activities of key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) related to phenylpropane biosynthesis, and improved the accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as most individual phenolic compounds, which led to enhanced antioxidant capacity. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were increased by cold shock pretreatment. In addition, cold shock pretreatment accelerated the production of superoxide anion and H2O2 at the early stage of storage, but had no effect on their peaks and led to lower levels of superoxide anion and H2O2 afterwards, alleviating flesh browning in fresh-cut pitaya fruit. These results indicated that cold shock pretreatment can effectively alleviate wound-induced oxidative stress by modulating the phenylpropanoid pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, thus inhibiting flesh browning in fresh-cut pitaya fruit

Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealing the regulatory dynamics and networks of the pituitary-testis axis in sheep across developmental stages

Spermatogenesis is a complex process intricately regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. However, research on the regulatory factors governing the HPT axis remains limited. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes from the pituitary and testis tissues across various developmental stages, encompassing embryonic day (E120), neonatal period (P0), pre-puberty (P90), and post-puberty day (P270). Utilizing edgeR and WGCNA, we identified stage-specific genes in both the pituitary and testis throughout the four developmental stages. Notably, 380, 242, 34, and 479 stage-specific genes were identified in the pituitary, while 886, 297, 201, and 3,678 genes were identified in the testis. Subsequent analyses unveiled associations between these stage-specific genes and crucial pathways such as the cAMP signaling pathway, GnRH secretion, and male gamete generation. Furthermore, leveraging single-cell data from the pituitary and testis, we identified some signaling pathways involving BMP, HGF, IGF, and TGF-β, highlighting mutual regulation between the pituitary and testis at different developmental stages. This study sheds light on the pivotal role of the pituitary-testis axis in the reproductive process of sheep across four distinct developmental stages. Additionally, it delves into the intricate regulatory networks governing reproduction, offering novel insights into the dynamics of the pituitary-testis axis within the reproductive system

A compendium of genetic regulatory effects across pig tissues

The Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project has been established to develop a public resource of genetic regulatory variants in livestock, which is essential for linking genetic polymorphisms to variation in phenotypes, helping fundamental biological discovery and exploitation in animal breeding and human biomedicine. Here we show results from the pilot phase of PigGTEx by processing 5,457 RNA-sequencing and 1,602 whole-genome sequencing samples passing quality control from pigs. We build a pig genotype imputation panel and associate millions of genetic variants with five types of transcriptomic phenotypes in 34 tissues. We evaluate tissue specificity of regulatory effects and elucidate molecular mechanisms of their action using multi-omics data. Leveraging this resource, we decipher regulatory mechanisms underlying 207 pig complex phenotypes and demonstrate the similarity of pigs to humans in gene expression and the genetic regulation behind complex phenotypes, supporting the importance of pigs as a human biomedical model.</p

The TOP-SCOPE Survey of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps : Survey Overview and Results of an Exemplar Source, PGCC G26.53+0.17

The low dust temperatures (<14 K) of Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) make them ideal targets to probe the initial conditions and very early phase of star formation. "TOP-SCOPE" is a joint survey program targeting similar to 2000 PGCCs in J = 1-0 transitions of CO isotopologues and similar to 1000 PGCCs in 850 mu m continuum emission. The objective of the "TOP-SCOPE" survey and the joint surveys (SMT 10 m, KVN 21 m, and NRO 45 m) is to statistically study the initial conditions occurring during star formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, across a wide range of environments. The observations, data analysis, and example science cases for these surveys are introduced with an exemplar source, PGCC G26.53+0.17 (G26), which is a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC). The total mass, length, and mean line mass (M/L) of the G26 filament are similar to 6200 M-circle dot, similar to 12 pc, and similar to 500 M-circle dot pc(-1), respectively. Ten massive clumps, including eight starless ones, are found along the filament. The most massive clump as a whole may still be in global collapse, while its denser part seems to be undergoing expansion owing to outflow feedback. The fragmentation in the G26 filament from cloud scale to clump scale is in agreement with gravitational fragmentation of an isothermal, nonmagnetized, and turbulent supported cylinder. A bimodal behavior in dust emissivity spectral index (beta) distribution is found in G26, suggesting grain growth along the filament. The G26 filament may be formed owing to large-scale compression flows evidenced by the temperature and velocity gradients across its natal cloud.Peer reviewe