Study on the second personalized chair ⁃ side education to change the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with periodontitis

Objective To explore the application effect of secondary personalized chairside education on changing the knowledge and behavior of patients with oral periodontal disease. Methods A total of 124 patients experiencing initial periodontal disease were selected. Sixty⁃two patients were observed in the observation group, and 62 patients were observed in the control group. After the doctor checked and determined the periodontal condition of the patients, the nurse conducted a targeted, personalized secondary one⁃on⁃one chairside mission for the observation group; in the control group, the nurses provided routine one⁃to⁃one health education to the patients before treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess periodontal knowledge mastery, self ⁃ care behaviors, rate of return for periodontal treatment and patient satisfaction after 3 months. The plaque index and scale index were statistically analyzed before and 3 months after treatment. Results No statistical difference was found in the general data between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05); however, the degree of mastery of periodontal knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. The degrees of mastery of the clinical manifestations, hazards and treatment methods were 96.7% , 93.5% , and 91.9% in the observation group and 72.5% , 48.3% , and 69.3% in the control group, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The patients in the observation group were more likely than those in the control group to brush more than 2 times daily, use dental floss and use an interdental brush; 100%, 96.7%, and 77.4% of patients in the observation group and 80.6%, 56.4%, and 40.3% of patients in the control group participated in these oral health care behaviors, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate of recovery and patient satisfaction were higher in the observation group than in control group at 3 months; the rate of recovery and patient satisfaction were 80.6% and 96%, in the observation group and 41.9% and 88.7% in the control group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months, the plaque index in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (1.71 ± 1.12, 2.35 ± 0.78), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Secondary personalized chairside education can significantly improve the patient s cognition of the disease, allow the formation of accurate oral health awareness, and change the patients bad oral hygiene habits and medical behavior. Thus, this method is an effective oral health education method and can change the knowledge and beliefs of patients with oral periodontitis

Long-Term (1990&ndash;2013) Changes and Spatial Variations of Cropland Runoff across China

Quantitative information on regional cropland runoff is important for sustainable agricultural water quantity and quality management. This study combined the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and geostatistical approaches to quantify long-term (1990&ndash;2013) changes and regional spatial variations of cropland runoff in China. Estimated CN values from 17 cropland study sites across China showed reasonable agreement with default values from the National Engineering Handbook (R2 = 0.76, n = 17). Among four commonly used geostatistical interpolation methods, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method achieved the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.67, n = 209) for prediction of cropland runoff. Using default CN values and the IDW method, estimated national annual cropland runoff volume and runoff depth in 1990&ndash;2013 were 253 &plusmn; 25 km3 yr&minus;1 and 182 &plusmn; 15 mm yr&minus;1, respectively. Estimated cropland runoff depth gradually increased from the drier northwest inland region to the wetter southeast coastal region (range: 2&ndash;1375 mm yr&minus;1). Regionally, eastern, central and southern China accounted for 39% of the cultivated area and 53% of the irrigated land area and contributed to 68% of the national cropland runoff volume. In contrast, northwestern, northern, southwestern and northeastern China accounted for 61% of the cultivated area and 47% of the irrigated land area and contributed to 32% of the runoff volume. Rainfall was the main source (72%) of cropland runoff for the entire nation, while irrigation became the main source of cropland runoff in drier regions (northwestern and southwestern China). Over the 24-year study period, estimated cropland runoff depth showed no significant trends, whereas cropland runoff volume and irrigation-contributed percentages decreased by 7% and 35%, respectively, owing to implementation of water-saving irrigation technologies. To reduce excessive runoff and increase water utilization efficiencies, regionally specific water management strategies should be further promoted. As the first long-term national estimate of cropland runoff in China, this study provides a simple framework for estimating regional cropland runoff depth and volume, providing critical information for guiding developments of management practices to mitigate agricultural nonpoint source pollution, soil erosion and water scarcity

High-spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of global urban change from 1985 to 2015

International audienceHigh-resolution global maps of annual urban land coverage provide fundamental information of global environmental change and contribute to applications related to climate mitigation and urban planning for sustainable development. Here we map global annual urban dynamics from 1985 to 2015 at a 30 m resolution using numerous surface reflectance data from Landsat satellites. We find that global urban extent has expanded by 9,687 km2 per year. This rate is four times greater than previous reputable estimates from worldwide individual cities, suggesting an unprecedented rate of global urbanization. The rate of urban expansion is notably faster than that of population growth, indicating that the urban land area already exceeds what is needed to sustain population growth. Looking ahead, using these maps in conjunction with integrated assessment models can facilitate greater understanding of the complex environmental impacts of urbanization and help urban planners avoid natural hazards; for example, by limiting new development in flood risk zones

A New Generation of Anticancer Drugs: Mesoporous Materials Modified with Titanocene Complexes

Dehydroxylated MCM-41 and SBA-15 surfaces were modified by the grafting of two different titanocene complexes ([Ti(Tη5-C5H 4Me)2Cl2] and [Ti(Me2Si(η 5-C5Me4) (η5-C5H 4)}Cl2]) to give new materials, which have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen gas sorption, MAS-NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, SEM, and TEM. The toxicity of the resulting materials toward human adenocarcinoma HeLa, human myelogenous leukemia K562, human malignant melanoma Fem-x, and normal immunocompetent cells, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC has been studied. Estimation of the number of particles per gram of material led to the calculation of O 50 values for these samples, which is the number of particles required to inhibit normal cell growth by 50%. In addition, M50 values (quantity of material needed to inhibit normal cell growth by 50%) of the studied surfaces is also reported. Nonfunctionalized MCM-41 and SBA-15 did not show notable antiproliferative activity, whereas functionalization of these materials with different titanocene based anticancer drugs led to very promising antitumoral activity. The best Q50 values correspond to titanocene functionalized MCM-41 surfaces (MCM-41/[Ti(η5C5H 4Me)2Cl2] (1) and MCM-41/[TiIMe 2Si(Tf-C5Me4)(Tf-C5H 4)(Cl2] (2)) with Q50 values between 3.8 ± 0.6 x 108 and 24.5 ±3.0 x 108 particles. Titanocene functionalized SBA-15 surfaces (SBA-15/[Ti(η5-C 5H4Me)2Cl2] (3) and SBA-15/[Ti{Me2Si(η5-C5Me 4)(η5C5H4)}Cl2] (4)) gave higher Q50 values, showing lower activity from 73.2 ± 9.9 x 108 to 362±7×l08 particles. The best response of the studied materials in terms of M50 values was observed against Fem-x (309 ± 42 g for 4) and K562 (338±18 g for 2), whereas moderate activities were observed in HeLa cells (from 508±63g of 2 to 912 ± 10g of 1). In addition, the analyzed surfaces presented only marginal activity against unstimulated and stimulated PBMC, showing a slight selectivity on human cancer cells. Comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity in solution of the titanocene complexes/[Ti(η5-C5H 4Me)2Cl2] (3) and SBA-15/[Ti{Me 2Si(η5-C5Me4) (η5C5H4)}Cl2] (4)) gave higher Q50 va and the corresponding titanocene functionalized materials is also described

Metallodendritic Grafted Core-Shell upsih-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Used as Recoverable Catalysts in Suzuki C-C Coupling Reactions

The use of dendritic structures for the grafting of core-shell g- Fe2O3/polymer 300 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been performed with four metallodendrons that were functionalized with diphosphinopalladium complexes. The catalytic performance of these nanocatalysts was optimized for the Suzuki C-C cross-coupling reaction. These results demonstrated the importance of optimizing the catalytic efficiency of grafted MNPs by optimizing the dendritic structures and the nature of the peripheral phosphine ligands. All of these nanocatalysts showed remarkable reactivity towards bromoarenes and they were recovered and efficiently reused by magnetic separation with almost no loss of reactivity, even after 25 cycles