Dark Matter Subhalos in the Ursa Minor Dwarf Galaxy

Through numerical simulations, we study the dissolution timescale of the Ursa Minor cold stellar clump, due to the combination of phase-mixing and gravitational encounters with compact dark substructures in the halo of Ursa Minor. We compare two scenarios; one where the dark halo is made up by a smooth mass distribution of light particles and one where the halo contains 10% of its mass in the form of substructures (subhalos). In a smooth halo, the stellar clump survives for a Hubble time provided that the dark matter halo has a big core. In contrast, when the point-mass dark substructures are added, the clump survives barely for \sim 1.5 Gyr. These results suggest a strong test to the \Lambda-cold dark matter scenario at dwarf galaxy scale.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap

The Lantern Vol. 55, No. 1, Fall 1988

• The Third Grade Gorilla • Friend, I Am Not Yet A Poet • Twisted • The Final Journey • Ritu Miltonis • Hearthside • The Ogre • O Indestructible Everlasting • December 1, 1988 • Our Church • Louise • Gazebo For Learned Women • Hanging Mirror • Of Football and Flashlights • The Ragged Brown Peasant • Judgement of the Serpent • Sidewalk Wars • I Guess That\u27s Why I Went Awayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1133/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 55, No. 1, Fall 1988

• The Third Grade Gorilla • Friend, I Am Not Yet A Poet • Twisted • The Final Journey • Ritu Miltonis • Hearthside • The Ogre • O Indestructible Everlasting • December 1, 1988 • Our Church • Louise • Gazebo For Learned Women • Hanging Mirror • Of Football and Flashlights • The Ragged Brown Peasant • Judgement of the Serpent • Sidewalk Wars • I Guess That\u27s Why I Went Awayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1133/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 10, 1987

Pfahler Hall Flooded • L.C.B. Visits a Second Time • Our Town Debuts • Letters: Director of Security at Sheraton Responds to Student Attack on Lorelei; Brothers of AXE Commended; Grizzly Dogged • Skunked Again • Students to Participate in Model UN Conference • Salamanca to Relate Experiences on Terrorism • Bard Graces Ursinus • Notes: UC / St. Joseph\u27s Host MBA Summer Session; Myrin Holds Semi-Annual Book Sale; New Resident Assistants Announced • Athlete of the Week: Kim Wentzel • Santangelo, O\u27Malley Jump Lady Bears to 6-0 Start • Women\u27s Tennis Served Tough Losses • Track\u27s Record: Record Breaking • Ursinus\u27 Champion Lacrosse Team: Vying for Fourth National Title • Opposition Unfavorable to Bears • Golf Team Drives Record to 8-0 • Softball Assumes First Place Position • Room Selection to Start • The Joshua Tree Rates an A • Young Democrats: Exhibiting New Challenges for the Future • Advanced TV Class Produces Ursinus Magazine For Cable Network • Arbor Day Trees Grow Money • Bear Facts: Ursinus Mascot Bearly Knownhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1187/thumbnail.jp

Metabolomic biomarker candidates for skeletal muscle loss in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model

There is no consensus for diagnosis or treatment of RA muscle loss. We aimed to investigate metabolites in arthritic mice urine as biomarkers of muscle loss. DBA1/J mice comprised collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and control (CO) groups. Urine samples were collected at 0, 18, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days of disease and subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were identified using Chenomx and Birmingham Metabolite libraries. The statistical model used principal component analysis, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and partial least-squares regression analysis. Linear regression and Fisher’s exact test via the MetaboAnalyst website were performed (VIP-score). Nearly 100 identified metabolites had CIA vs. CO and disease time-dependent differences (p < 0.05). Twenty-eight metabolites were muscle-associated: carnosine (VIPs 2.8 × 102) and succinyl acetone (VIPs 1.0 × 10) showed high importance in CIA vs. CO models at day 65; CIA pair analysis showed histidine (VIPs 1.2 × 102) days 55 vs. 65, histamine (VIPs 1.1 × 102) days 55 vs. 65, and L-methionine (VIPs 1.1 × 102) days 0 vs. 18. Carnosine was fatigue- (0.039) related, creatine was food intake- (−0.177) and body weight- (−0.039) related, and both metabolites were clinical score- (0.093; 0.050) and paw edema- (0.125; 0.026) related. Therefore, muscle metabolic alterations were detected in arthritic mice urine, enabling further validation in RA patient’s urine, targeting prognosis, diagnosis, and monitoring of RA-mediated muscle loss

A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals.

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ∼4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ∼60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease

PDBe: improved findability of macromolecularstructure data in the PDB

© 2019 The Authors. Published by OUP. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz990The Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe), a founding member of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB), actively participates in the deposition, curation, validation, archiving and dissemination of macromolecular structure data. PDBe supports diverse research communities in their use of macromolecular structures by enriching the PDB data and by providing advanced tools and services for effective data access, visualization and analysis. This paper details the enrichment of data at PDBe, including mapping of RNA structures to Rfam, and identification of molecules that act as cofactors. PDBe has developed an advanced search facility with ∼100 data categories and sequence searches. New features have been included in the LiteMol viewer at PDBe, with updated visualization of carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Small molecules are now mapped more extensively to external databases and their visual representation has been enhanced. These advances help users to more easily find and interpret macromolecular structure data in order to solve scientific problems.The Protein Data Bank in Europe is supported by European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute; Wellcome Trust [104948]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/N019172/1, BB/G022577/1, BB/J007471/1, BB/K016970/1, BB/K020013/1, BB/M013146/1, BB/M011674/1, BB/M020347/1, BB/M020428/1, BB/P024351/1]; European Union [284209]; ELIXIR and Open Targets. Funding for open access charge: EMB

Dark halo microphysics and massive black hole scaling relations in galaxies

We investigate the black hole (BH) scaling relation in galaxies using a model in which the galaxy halo and central BH are a self-gravitating sphere of dark matter (DM) with an isotropic, adiabatic equation of state. The equipotential where the escape velocity approaches the speed of light defines the horizon of the BH. We find that the BH mass (m•) depends on the DM entropy, when the effective thermal degrees of freedom (F) are specified. Relations between BH and galaxy properties arise naturally, with the BH mass and DM velocity dispersion following m• ∝ σF/2 (for global mean density set by external cosmogony). Imposing observationally derived constraints on F provides insight into the microphysics of DM. Given that DM velocities and stellar velocities are comparable, the empirical correlation between m• and stellar velocity dispersions σ⋆ implies that 7 6 the dense dark envelope surrounding the BH approaches the mean density of the BH itself, while the outer halo can show a nearly uniform kpc-scale core resembling those observed in galaxies

A framework for human microbiome research

A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times, which have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S ribosomal RNA genes and over 3.5 terabases of metagenomic sequence so far. In parallel, approximately 800 reference strains isolated from the human body have been sequenced. Collectively, these data represent the largest resource describing the abundance and variety of the human microbiome, while providing a framework for current and future studies