Bose-Einstein correlations in hadron-pairs from lepto-production on nuclei ranging from hydrogen to xenon

Bose-Einstein correlations of like-sign charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic electron and positron scattering are studied in the HERMES experiment using nuclear targets of $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$He, $^4$He, N, Ne, Kr, and Xe. A Gaussian approach is used to parametrize a two-particle correlation function determined from events with at least two charged hadrons of the same sign charge. This correlation function is compared to two different empirical distributions that do not include the Bose-Einstein correlations. One distribution is derived from unlike-sign hadron pairs, and the second is derived from mixing like-sign pairs from different events. The extraction procedure used simulations incorporating the experimental setup in order to correct the results for spectrometer acceptance effects, and was tested using the distribution of unlike-sign hadron pairs. Clear signals of Bose-Einstein correlations for all target nuclei without a significant variation with the nuclear target mass are found. Also, no evidence for a dependence on the invariant mass W of the photon-nucleon system is found when the results are compared to those of previous experiments

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity of athletes of the national teams of Moscow based on the results of medical examination

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an in-depth medical examination in the period 2017–2021.Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021–11922 athletes.Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions.The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017–2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress.An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research.There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular full-fledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance

Pentaquark Θ+\Theta^+ search at HERMES

The earlier search at HERMES for narrow baryon states excited in quasi-real photoproduction, decaying through the channel $pK_S^0\rightarrow p\pi^+\pi^-$, has been extended with improved decay-particle reconstruction, more advanced particle identification, and increased event samples. The structure observed earlier at an invariant mass of 1528 MeV shifts to 1522 MeV and the statistical significance drops to about 2$\sigma$ for data taken with a deuterium target. The number of events above background is $68_{-31}^{+98}\text{(stat)}\pm13\text{(sys)}$. No such structure is observed in the hydrogen data set

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Armenians’ Self-Appellation Hay

В статье дается критический обзор всех научных этимологий, когда-либо предложенных для самоназвания армян hay. Этноним совпадает с широко распространенным диалектным словом hay ‘муж, глава семьи’ (ср. выражение mer hayə ‘наш hay’, т. e. ‘наш муж, глава нашей семьи’, используемое пожилыми женщинами для обозначения своих мужей). Это слово, очевидно, должно быть связано с и.-е. *poti- ‘муж, господин, глава семьи’. В этногоническом мифе данный этноним возводится к имени мифического прародителя армян Hayk'а — главы огромной патриархальной семьи. В армянской традиции созвездие Орион называется Haykn — именем Hayk'а. Финали онимов намекают на индоевропейский суффикс *-kon (*-ko-n), который в имени Hayk'а был контаминирован с суффиксом -ik: Haykn, Hayik > Hayk. Этот уменьшительный / почтительный суффикс иранского происхождения фигурирует в армянских названиях старших в семье и в мифологических именах, ср. hayr / hayrik ‘отец’, теоним Astƚik ‘богиня Венера’ (букв. «звездочка»). В мифе Hayk убивает трехкрылой стрелой своего противника Бела, образ которого восходит к образу верховного бога Вавилона — Бела-Мардука (Бел здесь связано с семитским b‘l ‘хозяин, господин’). В индоевропейском контексте лучшей параллелью Hayk’а является индийский бог Рудра, который убивает бога созвездия Орион трехчастной стрелой. Hayk как отец и лидер hay’ев (армян) также соответствует Рудре как отцу и лидеру рудр / марутов — его сыновей, названных его именем. Приводятся и другие аргументы, подтверждающие происхождение этнонима hay от *poti-.The article provides a critical overview of all suggested etymologies for the Armenians’ self-designation Hay. The author points out that the ethnonym coincides with the dialectal appellative noun hay ‘master, husband, housholder’ (cf. mer hayə ‘our hay’, that is ‘our husband, our householder’, an expression used by old women to designate their husbands). The word must be associated with PIE *poti- ‘husband, housholder’. In the ethnogenic myth, the ethnonym originates from the name of the mythological ancestor of all Armenians, Hayk, who was the head of a large patriarchal family. In Armenian, the Orion constellation is also called after him, Haykn. The endings of the above homonyms make think of the PIE suffix *-kon (*-ko-n) which, in the name of Hayk, coincided with the suffix *-ik ( Hayk. This suffix with diminutive and deferential meaning is present in Armenian names of elder family members and mythological characters, cf. hayr/hayrik ‘father’, theonym Astƚik ‘Venus (goddess)’ (ad litteram “little star”). In the myth, Hayk kills his adversary, Bel the Babylonian, with a “three-winged” arrow. The image of Bel is derived from the supreme god of Babylon Bel-Marduk whose name is associated with the Semitic b‘l ‘lord, master’, while Bel himself represents the negative mirror image of Hayk. In Indo-European context, the most suitable parallel for Hayk is the Indian god Rudra who kills the divine personification of the Orion constellation with a “three-jointed” arrow. Furthermore, Hayk, as the father and leader of Hays (Armenians) corresponds to Rudra, the father and leader of Rudras / Maruts, his sons called after him. The author also puts forward other arguments confirming the origin of hay from *poti-