10 research outputs found
Detection potential of the KM3NeT detector for high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles
A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E 2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50 above and below the
Galactic centre (the ‘‘Fermi bubbles’’). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source candidates of high-energy neutrino emission. In this work Monte Carlo simulations regarding the detectability of high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles
with the future multi-km3 neutrino telescope KM3NeT in the Mediterranean Sea are presented. Under the hypothesis that the gamma-ray emission is completely due to hadronic processes, the results indicate
that neutrinos from the bubbles could be discovered in about one year of operation, for a neutrino spectrum with a cutoff at 100 TeV and a detector with about 6 km3 of instrumented volume. The effect of a
possible lower cutoff is also considered.Published7–141.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientaleJCR Journalrestricte
Expansion cone for the 3-inch PMTs of the KM3NeT optical modules
[EN] Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to contain 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In order to maximize the detector sensitivity, each PMT will be surrounded by an expansion cone which collects photons that would otherwise miss the photocathode. Results for various angles of incidence with respect to the PMT surface indicate an increase in collection efficiency by 30% on average for angles up to 45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular. Ray-tracing calculations could reproduce the measurements, allowing to estimate an increase in the overall photocathode sensitivity, integrated over all angles of incidence, by 27% (for a single PMT). Prototype DOMs, being built by the KM3NeT consortium, will be equipped with these expansion cones.This work is supported through the EU, FP6 Contract no. 011937, FP7 grant agreement no. 212252, and the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.Adrián Martínez, S.; Ageron, M.; Aguilar, JA.; Aharonian, F.; Aiello, S.; Albert, A.; Alexandri, M.... (2013). Expansion cone for the 3-inch PMTs of the KM3NeT optical modules. Journal of Instrumentation. 8(3):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/03/T03006S1198
The New Small Wheel electronics
The increase in luminosity, and consequent higher backgrounds, of the LHC
upgrades require improved rejection of fake tracks in the forward region of the
ATLAS Muon Spectrometer. The New Small Wheel upgrade of the Muon Spectrometer
aims to reduce the large background of fake triggers from track segments that
are not originated from the interaction point. The New Small Wheel employs two
detector technologies, the resistive strip Micromegas detectors and the "small"
Thin Gap Chambers, with a total of 2.45 Million electrodes to be sensed. The
two technologies require the design of a complex electronics system given that
it consists of two different detector technologies and is required to provide
both precision readout and a fast trigger. It will operate in a high background
radiation region up to about 20 kHz/cm at the expected HL-LHC luminosity
of =7.5cms. The architecture of the
system is strongly defined by the GBTx data aggregation ASIC, the
newly-introduced FELIX data router and the software based data handler of the
ATLAS detector. The electronics complex of this new detector was designed and
developed in the last ten years and consists of multiple radiation tolerant
Application Specific Integrated Circuits, multiple front-end boards, dense
boards with FPGA's and purpose-built Trigger Processor boards within the ATCA
standard. The New Small Wheel has been installed in 2021 and is undergoing
integration within ATLAS for LHC Run 3. It should operate through the end of
Run 4 (December 2032). In this manuscript, the overall design of the New Small
Wheel electronics is presented.Comment: 61 page
KM3NeT. Conceptual Design Report for a Deep-Sea Research Infrastructure Incorporating a Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea
The scientific case for a neutrino telescope of a cubic kilometre scale is overwhelming. The infra‐structure it requires can easily be shared by a host of other, associated, sciences, making long‐term measurements in the area of oceanography, clima‐tology, geophysics, geotechnics and marine bio‐logical sciences possible. This combination of neu‐trino telescope and multidisciplinary undersea ob‐servatory, KM3NeT, is the subject of this Design Report. It summarises goals for the design and the options for its technical implementation
The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3
Abstract
The ATLAS detector is installed in its experimental cavern
at Point 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. During Run 2 of the
LHC, a luminosity of
ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 was
routinely achieved at the start of fills, twice the design
luminosity. For Run 3, accelerator improvements, notably luminosity
levelling, allow sustained running at an instantaneous luminosity of
ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1,
with an average of up to 60 interactions per bunch crossing. The
ATLAS detector has been upgraded to recover Run 1 single-lepton
trigger thresholds while operating comfortably under Run 3 sustained
pileup conditions. A fourth pixel layer 3.3 cm from the beam axis
was added before Run 2 to improve vertex reconstruction and
b-tagging performance. New Liquid Argon Calorimeter digital
trigger electronics, with corresponding upgrades to the Trigger and
Data Acquisition system, take advantage of a factor of 10 finer
granularity to improve triggering on electrons, photons, taus, and
hadronic signatures through increased pileup rejection. The inner
muon endcap wheels were replaced by New Small Wheels with Micromegas
and small-strip Thin Gap Chamber detectors, providing both precision
tracking and Level-1 Muon trigger functionality. Trigger coverage of
the inner barrel muon layer near one endcap region was augmented
with modules integrating new thin-gap resistive plate chambers and
smaller-diameter drift-tube chambers. Tile Calorimeter scintillation
counters were added to improve electron energy resolution and
background rejection. Upgrades to Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillators
and Forward Detectors improve luminosity monitoring and enable total
proton-proton cross section, diffractive physics, and heavy ion
measurements. These upgrades are all compatible with operation in
the much harsher environment anticipated after the High-Luminosity
upgrade of the LHC and are the first steps towards preparing ATLAS
for the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. This paper describes
the Run 3 configuration of the ATLAS detector.</jats:p
Detection potential of the KM3NeT detector for high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles
A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E-2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50° above and below the Galactic centre (the "Fermi bubbles"). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source candidates of high-energy neutrino emission. In this work Monte Carlo simulations regarding the detectability of high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles with the future multi-km3 neutrino telescope KM3NeT in the Mediterranean Sea are presented. Under the hypothesis that the gamma-ray emission is completely due to hadronic processes, the results indicate that neutrinos from the bubbles could be discovered in about one year of operation, for a neutrino spectrum with a cutoff at 100 TeV and a detector with about 6 km3 of instrumented volume. The effect of a possible lower cutoff is also considered. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Expansion cone for the 3-inch PMTs of the KM3NeT optical modules
Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to contain 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In order to maximize the detector sensitivity, each PMT will be surrounded by an expansion cone which collects photons that would otherwise miss the photocathode. Results for various angles of incidence with respect to the PMT surface indicate an increase in collection efficiency by 30% on average for angles up to 45° with respect to the perpendicular. Ray-tracing calculations could reproduce the measurements, allowing to estimate an increase in the overall photocathode sensitivity, integrated over all angles of incidence, by 27% (for a single PMT). Prototype DOMs, being built by the KM3NeT consortium, will be equipped with these expansion cones.© 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl
Expansion cone for the 3-inch PMTs of the KM3NeT optical modules
<p>Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to contain 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In order to maximize the detector sensitivity, each PMT will be surrounded by an expansion cone which collects photons that would otherwise miss the photocathode. Results for various angles of incidence with respect to the PMT surface indicate an increase in collection efficiency by 30% on average for angles up to 45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular. Ray-tracing calculations could reproduce the measurements, allowing to estimate an increase in the overall photocathode sensitivity, integrated over all angles of incidence, by 27% (for a single PMT). Prototype DOMs, being built by the KM3NeT consortium, will be equipped with these expansion cones.</p>
Detection potential of the KM3NeT detector for high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles
<p>A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E-2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50 above and below the Galactic centre (the "Fermi bubbles"). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source candidates of high-energy neutrino emission. In this work Monte Carlo simulations regarding the detectability of high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles with the future multi-km(3) neutrino telescope KM3NeT in the Mediterranean Sea are presented. Under the hypothesis that the gamma-ray emission is completely due to hadronic processes, the results indicate that neutrinos from the bubbles could be discovered in about one year of operation, for a neutrino spectrum with a cutoff at 100 TeV and a detector with about 6 km(3) of instrumented volume. The effect of a possible lower cutoff is also considered. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>
KM3NeT: Technical design report.
KM3NeT is a deep‐sea multidisciplinary observatory in the Mediterranean Sea that will provide innovative science
opportunities spanning Astroparticle Physics and Earth and Sea Science. This is possible through the synergy created by the use of a common infrastructure allowing for long term continuous operation of a neutrino telescope and marine
instrumentation. The present KM3NeT Design Study concludes with this Technical Design Report which develops the ideas put forward in the Conceptual Design Report published in April 2008