1,781 research outputs found
An aperture masking mode for the MICADO instrument
MICADO is a near-IR camera for the Europea ELT, featuring an extended field
(75" diameter) for imaging, and also spectrographic and high contrast imaging
capabilities. It has been chosen by ESO as one of the two first-light
instruments. Although it is ultimately aimed at being fed by the MCAO module
called MAORY, MICADO will come with an internal SCAO system that will be
complementary to it and will deliver a high performance on axis correction,
suitable for coronagraphic and pupil masking applications. The basis of the
pupil masking approach is to ensure the stability of the optical transfer
function, even in the case of residual errors after AO correction (due to non
common path errors and quasi-static aberrations). Preliminary designs of pupil
masks are presented. Trade-offs and technical choices, especially regarding
redundancy and pupil tracking, are explained.Comment: SPIE 2014 Proceeding -- Montrea
Imaging the symmetry breaking of molecular orbitals in carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interest for their unique
electronic properties. They are fascinating candidates for fundamental studies
of one dimensional materials as well as for future molecular electronics
applications. The molecular orbitals of nanotubes are of particular importance
as they govern the transport properties and the chemical reactivity of the
system. Here we show for the first time a complete experimental investigation
of molecular orbitals of single wall carbon nanotubes using atomically resolved
scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Local conductance measurements show
spectacular carbon-carbon bond asymmetry at the Van Hove singularities for both
semiconducting and metallic tubes, demonstrating the symmetry breaking of
molecular orbitals in nanotubes. Whatever the tube, only two types of
complementary orbitals are alternatively observed. An analytical tight-binding
model describing the interference patterns of ? orbitals confirmed by ab initio
calculations, perfectly reproduces the experimental results
New algorithms for adaptive optics point-spread function reconstruction
Context. The knowledge of the point-spread function compensated by adaptive
optics is of prime importance in several image restoration techniques such as
deconvolution and astrometric/photometric algorithms. Wavefront-related data
from the adaptive optics real-time computer can be used to accurately estimate
the point-spread function in adaptive optics observations. The only
point-spread function reconstruction algorithm implemented on astronomical
adaptive optics system makes use of particular functions, named .
These functions are derived from the mirror modes, and their number
is proportional to the square number of these mirror modes. Aims. We present
here two new algorithms for point-spread function reconstruction that aim at
suppressing the use of these functions to avoid the storage of a
large amount of data and to shorten the computation time of this PSF
reconstruction. Methods. Both algorithms take advantage of the eigen
decomposition of the residual parallel phase covariance matrix. In the first
algorithm, the use of a basis in which the latter matrix is diagonal reduces
the number of functions to the number of mirror modes. In the second
algorithm, this eigen decomposition is used to compute phase screens that
follow the same statistics as the residual parallel phase covariance matrix,
and thus suppress the need for these functions. Results. Our
algorithms dramatically reduce the number of functions to be computed
for the point-spread function reconstruction. Adaptive optics simulations show
the good accuracy of both algorithms to reconstruct the point-spread function.Comment: Accepte
Atomistic mechanisms for the ordered growth of Co nano-dots on Au(788): comparison of VT-STM experiments and multi-scaled calculations
Hetero-epitaxial growth on a strain-relief vicinal patterned substrate has
revealed unprecedented 2D long range ordered growth of uniform cobalt
nanostructures. The morphology of a Co sub-monolayer deposit on a Au(111)
reconstructed vicinal surface is analyzed by Variable Temperature Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy (VT-STM) experiments. A rectangular array of nano-dots
(3.8 nm x 7.2 nm) is found for a particularly large deposit temperature range
lying from 60 K to 300 K. Although the nanodot lattice is stable at room
temperature, this paper focus on the early stage of ordered nucleation and
growth at temperatures between 35 K and 480 K. The atomistic mechanisms leading
to the nanodots array are elucidated by comparing statistical analysis of
VT-STM images with multi-scaled numerical calculations combining both Molecular
Dynamics for the quantitative determination of the activation energies for the
atomic motion and the Kinetic Monte Carlo method for the simulations of the
mesoscopic time and scale evolution of the Co submonolayer
Algebraic Correlation Function and Anomalous Diffusion in the HMF model
In the quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, we
numerically compute correlation functions of momenta and diffusion of angles
with homogeneous initial conditions. This is an example, in a N-body
Hamiltonian system, of anomalous transport properties characterized by non
exponential relaxations and long-range temporal correlations. Kinetic theory
predicts a striking transition between weak anomalous diffusion and strong
anomalous diffusion. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the
quantitative predictions of the anomalous transport exponents. Noteworthy, also
at statistical equilibrium, the system exhibits long-range temporal
correlations: the correlation function is inversely proportional to time with a
logarithmic correction instead of the usually expected exponential decay,
leading to weak anomalous transport properties
Uniform regularity for the Navier-Stokes equation with Navier boundary condition
We prove that there exists an interval of time which is uniform in the
vanishing viscosity limit and for which the Navier-Stokes equation with Navier
boundary condition has a strong solution. This solution is uniformly bounded in
a conormal Sobolev space and has only one normal derivative bounded in
. This allows to get the vanishing viscosity limit to the
incompressible Euler system from a strong compactness argument
VLT/NACO infrared adaptive optics images of small scale structures in OMC1
International audienceNear-infrared observations of line emission from excited H 2 and in the continuum are reported in the direction of the Orion molecular cloud OMC1 , using the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope UT4 , equipped with the NAOS adaptive optics system on the CONICA infrared array camera. Spatial resolution has been achieved at close to the diffraction limit of the telescope (0. 08 −0. 12) and images show a wealth of morphological detail. Structure is not fractal but shows two preferred scale sizes of 2. (1100 AU) and 1. 2 (540 AU) , where the larger scale may be associated with star formation. Key words. ISM : individual objects : OMC1 – ISM : circumstellar matter – ISM : kinematics and dynamics – ISM : molecules – infrared : IS
Probing quantum and classical turbulence analogy through global bifurcations in a von K\'arm\'an liquid Helium experiment
We report measurements of the dissipation in the Superfluid Helium high
REynold number von Karman flow (SHREK) experiment for different forcing
conditions, through a regime of global hysteretic bifurcation. Our
macroscopical measurements indicate no noticeable difference between the
classical fluid and the superfluid regimes, thereby providing evidence of the
same dissipative anomaly and response to asymmetry in fluid and superfluid
regime. %In the latter case, A detailed study of the variations of the
hysteretic cycle with Reynolds number supports the idea that (i) the stability
of the bifurcated states of classical turbulence in this closed flow is partly
governed by the dissipative scales and (ii) the normal and the superfluid
component at these temperatures (1.6K) are locked down to the dissipative
length scale.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Detection of the Sgr A* activity at 3.8 and 4.8 microns with NACO
L'-band (lambda=3.8 microns) and M'-band (lambda=4.8 microns) observations of
the Galactic Center region, performed in 2003 at VLT (ESO) with the adaptive
optics imager NACO, have lead to the detection of an infrared counterpart of
the radio source Sgr A* at both wavelengths. The measured fluxes confirm that
the Sgr A* infrared spectrum is dominated by the synchrotron emission of
nonthermal electrons. The infrared counterpart exhibits no significant short
term variability but demonstrates flux variations on daily and yearly scales.
The observed emission arises away from the position of the dynamical center of
the S2 orbit and would then not originate from the closest regions of the black
hole.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysic
The physics of galaxy evolution with EAGLE
One of the prominent science goal of the ELTs will be to study the physics and mass assembly of galaxies at very high redshifts. Here, we present the galaxy evolution science case for EAGLE, which is a NIR multi-integral field spectrograph for the E-ELT currently under phase A study. We summarize results of simulations conducted to derive high-level requirements. In particular, we show how we have derived the specifications for the ensquared energy that the AO system needs to provide to reach the scientific goals of the instrument. Finally, we present future strategies to conduct galaxy surveys with EAGLE
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