KNOWLEDGE AND THE HUMAN MIND: PHENOMENOLOGY AND OTHERS

The brain produces the mind through cultivation. Thus, the structure of the mind is not a priori, but culturally developed. The logic, semantics, and conceptual framework of a mind are all cultivated. While feeling is a natural function of the mind, all feelings of a mind are concept-laden or concept-mediated. A person is educated to think better, to feel in a certain way, and to have a better taste; the mind educated and civilized is better than the mind uneducated and barbarian. The key here is that a knowing mind is a constructor and a constructing space, not merely a knower akin to a mirror or a camera in the process of knowing

INTRODUCTION: HERMENEUTICS, HUMANITIES STUDIES, AND LITERATURE CLASSICS

In reading literature masterpieces and classics, not only are texts and cultural traditions understood, but also insights into humanity and human existence acquired and known.1 Every progress in human civilization is made possible by the elevation of the human soul. And every elevation of the human soul is the fruit of education, learning and cultivation, of which reading literature masterpieces and classics, like reading scientific, philosophical, and historical classics, is essential. Thus, Victor Hugo claimed: "What humanity requires, is to be fed with light; such nourishment is found in reading ... Humanity reading is humanity knowing."2 He further claimed, “The true division of humanity is this: the luminous and the dark. To diminish the number of the dark, to increase the number of the light. To learn to read is to rekindle a fire: every syllable sparkles.

THE PROBLEM OF BEING IN A DREAM OF RED MANSIONS

Victor Hugo claimed: Men live, and things exist. That is to say, human existence is not, and should not be, akin to the existence of things which are merely here or there. Instead, human beings actively live, and should live actively. Yet, what does it mean that human beings live? Martin Heidegger insisted that human beings do not just occur in the world along other kinds of beings; instead, in their very existence, their existence become an issue and concern for them; human beings are self-conscious beings. Heidegger dubbed the human being as “Dasein”, which means being there. He saw the human being to be an agent whose agency structure includes self-consciousness. Jean-Paul Sartre argued that human beings must not exist in the mode of being-in-itself, but should be in the mode of being-for-itself; in life, we must not practice bad faith. For Sartre, the human being is a being of no-thingness. These thinkers all hold that human existence must not be a thing-like existence. Living, what a burden for humanity! Human living must not be thing-like existence, what a requirement

Toleration: the ambivalent obligation, value and virtue

For the last two decades since the United Nations published Declaration of Principles of Tolerance, social toleration has become the distinctive political approach to the profound reality of diversity of our time. It has become a wisdom of our time. Social toleration is a family of practice that differs from social indifference, social indulgence, and various forms of social acceptance. It is an alternative to rejection, though its objects are what one morally disapproves and objects. The doctrine of toleration singles out a family of beliefs, practices and people which one includes but does not accept and of which one constrains one???s demand of rejection, repression, oppression, and marginalization, but also refuses indulgence

Orbital-Dependent Electron Correlation in Double-Layer Nickelate La3Ni2O7

The latest discovery of high temperature superconductivity near 80K in La3Ni2O7 under high pressure has attracted much attention. Many proposals are put forth to understand the origin of superconductivity. The determination of electronic structures is a prerequisite to establish theories to understand superconductivity in nickelates but is still lacking. Here we report our direct measurement of the electronic structures of La3Ni2O7 by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemmission spectroscopy. The Fermi surface and band structures of La3Ni2O7 are observed and compared with the band structure calculations. A flat band is formed from the Ni-3dz2 orbitals around the zone corner which is 50meV below the Fermi level. Strong electron correlations are revealed which are orbital- and momentum-dependent. Our observations will provide key information to understand the origin of high temperature superconductivity in La3Ni2O7.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe