Efecto de vermicompost elaborado con harina de huesos y cabello humano en el establecimiento de grass japonés en suelo salino

Perú tiene 128.5 millones de hectáreas agrícolas y verdes, siendo abarcadas 5.91%. Por acumulación de sales del suelo. La presente investigación busca reducir la salinidad, a través de la aplicación de Vermicompost Mejorado (VCM) elaborado con: Harina de huesos y cabello humano, comparando su efectividad con el Vermicompost Convencional (VC). Los tratamientos fueron: T0 (100% suelo salino), T1 (3% VC-97% suelo salino), T2 (2.2% VC-97.8% suelo salino), T3 (1.5% VC-98.5% suelo salino), T4(3%VCM-97% suelo salino), T5 (2.2% VCM-97.8% suelo salino), T6 (1.5% VCM-98.5% suelo salino) y T7 (1.4% SO4Ca-98.6% suelo salino). Cada tratamiento tuvo 5 repeticiones. Se evaluó (pH, CE y STD) cada 10 días durante un mes y en el grass japonés (color, densidad y resiliencia) fueron evaluados cada semana durante un mes. Se contó con 40 macetas. La muestra fue 2500 m2 de suelo salino de Puerto Viejo, con una CE inicial de 6.11 dS/m (moderadamente salino). Se concluyó que la dosis optima y tratamiento más efectivo fue el T4 (3%VCM-97% suelo salino) con una CE inicial de 3.07 dS/m (ligeramente salino) y CE final de 1.37 dS/m (no salino) reduciendo la salinidad en un 47.56%, viéndose reflejado en el grass japonés, con el mejor nivel de cobertura vegetal (50-75%). El tratamiento con menor rendimiento fue el T0 con CE inicial de 6.11 dS/m y CE final de 5.45 dS/m (moderadamente salino) reduciendo la salinidad en 10.80%, y con mal rendimiento (densidad <25%). Los resultados demuestran que VCM tuvo mejor rendimiento en el crecimiento del grass japonés.Peru has 128.5 million agricultural and green hectares, 5.91% being covered. By accumulation of land sales. This research seeks to reduce salinity through the application of Improved Vermicompost (VCM) made with: Bone meal and human hair, comparing its effectiveness with Conventional Vermicompost (VC). The treatments were: T0 (100% saline soil), T1 (3% VC-97% saline soil), T2 (2.2% VC-97.8% saline soil), T3 (1.5% VC-98, 5% saline soil), T4 (3% VCM-97% saline soil), T5 (2.2% VCM-97.8% saline soil), T6 (1.5% VCM-98.5% saline soil) and T7 (1.4% SO4Ca-98.6% saline soil). Each treatment had 5 repetitions. They were evaluated (pH, EC and STD) every 10 days for a month and in Japanese grass (color, density and resilience) they were evaluated every week for a month. It is contained with 40 pots. The sample was 2500 m2 of saline soil from Puerto Viejo, with an initial EC of 6.11 dS/m (moderately saline). It was concluded that the optimal dose and most effective treatment was T4 (3%VCM-97% saline soil) with an initial CE of 3.07 dS/m (slightly saline) and a final CE of 1.37 dS/m (not saline). salinity in 47.56%, being reflected in the Japanese grass, with the best level of vegetation cover (50-75%). The treatment with the lowest yield was T0 with an initial CE of 6.11 dS/m and a final CE of 5.45 dS/m (moderately saline), reducing salinity by 10.80%, and with poor performance (density <25%). The results show that VCM had better performance in the growth of Japanese grass

Molecular Detection of Human Enterovirus 71 Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a childhood infection caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) or Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). Occasionally, Enterovirus 71 becomes fatal and causes encephalitis. The objective of the present study was to determine HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 if prevalent in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. 184 specimens were collected from the patients reported to University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). All the specimens were subjected to culture in rhabdomyosarcoma cell line and confirmed by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The positive RT-PCR products were then sequenced to determine the viral genotype. Out of the 184 specimens, 89 showed cytopathic effects (CPE), indicating the presence of viral infections. Out of 89 positive CPE specimens 18 were positive with RT-PCR. Of the 18 positive specimens, 6 were Enterovirus 71, 3 Coxsackievirus A16, 8 Coxsackievirus A10, and 1 was vaccine-associated poliovirus 2. All the patients identified with strain Enterovirus 71 infection presented hand, foot and mouth disease and one of them had signs of paralysis as well. Collected Enterovirus 71 strains were classified under genotype C1 by phylogenetic analysis. This study proved that Enterovirus 71, genotype C1 prevalent in the study area and it did not cause serious outbreak in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. This prevalent strain could be used to choose for the development of a future vaccine candidate against HFMD

Family support and self-motivation influence dietary compliance and glycaemic control among type 2 Diabetes Mellitus outpatients

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease due to reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion in the body which associated with obesity and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the influence of family support and self-motivation towards dietary compliance and glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. This cross-sectional study involved 35 subjects selected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in Cheras and Ampangan Health Clinic in Seremban. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose have been obtained. Face-to-face interview session was done to obtain socio-demographic and diet intake. Further, dietary compliance, social support and self-motivation were assessed using Summary Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire Family version (DSSQ-Fa) and Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), respectively. Only 8.6% of subjects complied with dietary counselling. Fasting blood glucose for both men (7.93 ± 1.99 mmol/L) and women (8.77 ± 3.08 mmol/L) were higher than normal range. Self-motivation (r = 0.358, p < 0.05) and family support (r = 0.460, p < 0.01) significantly correlated with dietary compliance. Self-motivation and family support are important factors which can increase compliance towards dietary counseling. Further investigation should be carried out to determine factors that may influence dietary compliance and family support towards achieving desirable glycaemic control among T2DM patients

HPA axis related genes and response to psychological therapies: genetics and epigenetics

Background Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of stress-related psychiatric diagnoses and response to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and epigenetics in HPA axis and response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Methods Children with anxiety disorders were recruited into the Genes for Treatment project (GxT, N = 1,152). Polymorphisms of FKBP5 and GR were analyzed for association with response to CBT. Percentage DNA methylation at the FKBP5 and GR promoter regions was measured before and after CBT in a subset (n = 98). Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between genotype, DNA methylation, and change in primary anxiety disorder severity (treatment response). Results Treatment response was not associated with FKBP5 and GR polymorphisms, or pretreatment percentage DNA methylation. However, change in FKBP5 DNA methylation was nominally significantly associated with treatment response. Participants who demonstrated the greatest reduction in severity decreased in percentage DNA methylation during treatment, whereas those with little/no reduction in severity increased in percentage DNA methylation. This effect was driven by those with one or more FKBP5 risk alleles, with no association seen in those with no FKBP5 risk alleles. No significant association was found between GR methylation and response. Conclusions Allele-specific change in FKBP5 methylation was associated with treatment response. This is the largest study to date investigating the role of HPA axis related genes in response to a psychological therapy. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that DNA methylation changes may be associated with response to psychological therapies in a genotype-dependent manner

Use of a Continuous Glucose Monitor to Determine the Glycaemic Index of Rice-Based Mixed Meals, Their Effect on a 24 h Glucose Profile and Its Influence on Overweight and Obese Young Adults’ Meal Preferences

Postprandial hyperglycaemia is associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the glycaemic index (GI) of three varieties of rice-based mixed meals and their effects on glycaemic variability (GV), 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges, and rice variety preferences among overweight and obese young adults using real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). In a randomised controlled crossover design, 14 participants (22.8 ± 4.6 years, 32.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive 3 rice-based mixed meals containing 50 g of available carbohydrates (white rice meal = WRM; brown rice meal = BRM; and parboiled basmati rice meal = PBRM) and 50 g of a glucose reference drink on alternate days. GI, GV, 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges were measured. Rice variety preferences were compared with those of baseline data and determined at the end of the study period. Results: The analysis found that PBRM was low in GI (45.35 ± 2.06), BRM medium in GI (56.44 ± 2.34), and WRM high in GI (83.03 ± 2.19). PBRM had a significantly (p 0.05) lower GV compared to WRM. Prior to observing their postprandial glucose levels generated by rtCGM, the participants preferred WRM (64.3%) over other meals, whereas this preference changed significantly (p < 0.05) at the endpoint (PBRM, 71.4%). PBRM reduced 24 h glucose level and GV of overweight and obese young adults. The rtCGM is proven to be reliable in measuring GI, while providing robust continuous glycaemic information. This may serve as an educational tool that motivates eating behaviour changes among overweight and obese young adults

Design of dual-linearly polarized patch antenna at millimetrewaves

Phased array antenna capable of providing wider scanning range of beam radiation. The conventional phased array antenna mostly covered a single polarization of beam radiation. Therefore, by improving the phased array antenna design by implementing dual polarization will enhance the capacity of beam radiation to radiate at wide angular angle. A dual linearly polarized phased array antenna slanted at ±45° has been designed to operate at frequency of 28 GHz by using CST tool. Based on the simulation performance, the reflection coefficient (S11) and radiation pattern of both single and array antenna shows a good performance. The S11 value for both single and array antenna are -11.36 dB, and -20.17 dB, respectively. The gain of single slanted -45°, single slanted +45°, and 1x2 ±45° array patch antenna are 7.48 dB, 7.47 dB, and 7.08 dB

Tyr25, Tyr58 and Trp133 of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin transfer electrons between iron in the central cavity and the ferroxidase centre

Ferritins are 24meric proteins that overcome problems of toxicity, insolubility and poor bioavailability of iron in all types of cells by storing it in the form of a ferric mineral within their central cavities. In the bacterioferritin (BFR) from Escherichia coli iron mineralization kinetics have been shown to be dependent on an intra-subunit catalytic diiron cofactor site (the ferroxidase centre), three closely located aromatic residues and an inner surface iron site. One of the aromatic residues, Tyr25, is the site of formation of a transient radical, but the roles of the other two residues, Tyr58 and Trp133, are unknown. Here we show that these residues are important for the rates of formation and decay of the Tyr25 radical and decay of a secondary radical observed during Tyr25 radical decay. The data support a mechanism in which these aromatic residues function in electron transfer from the inner surface site to the ferroxidase centre

Applying Recovery Biomarkers to Calibrate Self-Report Measures of Energy and Protein in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

We investigated measurement error in the self-reported diets of US Hispanics/Latinos, who are prone to obesity and related comorbidities, by background (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American) in 2010–2012. In 477 participants aged 18–74 years, doubly labeled water and urinary nitrogen were used as objective recovery biomarkers of energy and protein intakes. Self-report was captured from two 24-hour dietary recalls. All measures were repeated in a subsample of 98 individuals. We examined the bias of dietary recalls and their associations with participant characteristics using generalized estimating equations. Energy intake was underestimated by 25.3% (men, 21.8%; women, 27.3%), and protein intake was underestimated by 18.5% (men, 14.7%; women, 20.7%). Protein density was overestimated by 10.7% (men, 11.3%; women, 10.1%). Higher body mass index and Hispanic/Latino background were associated with underestimation of energy (P < 0.05). For protein intake, higher body mass index, older age, nonsmoking, Spanish speaking, and Hispanic/Latino background were associated with underestimation (P < 0.05). Systematic underreporting of energy and protein intakes and overreporting of protein density were found to vary significantly by Hispanic/Latino background. We developed calibration equations that correct for subject-specific error in reporting that can be used to reduce bias in diet-disease association studies

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London