When each continuous operator is regular, II

The following theorem is essentially due to L.~Kantorovich and B. Vulikh and it describes one of the most important classes of Banach lattices between which each continuous operator is regular. {\bf Theorem 1.1.} {\sl Let $E$ be an arbitrary L-space and $F$ be an arbitrary Banach lattice with Levi norm. Then ${\cal L}(E,F)={\cal L}^r(E,F),\ (\star)$ that is, every continuous operator from $E$ to $F$ is regular.} In spite of the importance of this theorem it has not yet been determined to what extent the Levi condition is essential for the validity of equality $(\star)$. Our main aim in this work is to prove a converse to this theorem by showing that for a Dedekind complete $F$ the Levi condition is necessary for the validity of $(\star)$. As a sample of other results we mention the following. {\bf Theorem~3.6.} {\sl For a Banach lattice $F$ the following are equivalent: {\rm (a)} $F$ is Dedekind complete; {\rm (b)} For all Banach lattices $E$, the space ${\cal L}^r(E,F)$ is a Dedekind complete vector lattice; {\rm (c)} For all L-spaces $E$, the space ${\cal L}^r(E,F)$ is a vector lattice.

Plasmodium P-type cyclin CYC3 modulates endomitotic growth during oocyst development in mosquitoes

Cell-cycle progression and cell division in eukaryotes are governed in part by the cyclin family and their regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins are very well characterised in model systems such as yeast and human cells, but surprisingly little is known about their number and role in Plasmodium, the unicellular protozoan parasite that causes malaria. Malaria parasite cell division and proliferation differs from that of many eukaryotes. During its life cycle it undergoes two types of mitosis: endomitosis in asexual stages and an extremely rapid mitotic process during male gametogenesis. Both schizogony (producing merozoites) in host liver and red blood cells, and sporogony (producing sporozoites) in the mosquito vector, are endomitotic with repeated nuclear replication, without chromosome condensation, before cell division. The role of specific cyclins during Plasmodium cell proliferation was unknown. We show here that the Plasmodium genome contains only three cyclin genes, representing an unusual repertoire of cyclin classes. Expression and reverse genetic analyses of the single Plant (P)-type cyclin, CYC3, in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, revealed a cytoplasmic and nuclear location of the GFP-tagged protein throughout the lifecycle. Deletion of cyc3 resulted in defects in size, number and growth of oocysts, with abnormalities in budding and sporozoite formation. Furthermore, global transcript analysis of the cyc3-deleted and wild type parasites at gametocyte and ookinete stages identified differentially expressed genes required for signalling, invasion and oocyst development. Collectively these data suggest that cyc3 modulates oocyst endomitotic development in Plasmodium berghei

Emerging mechanisms of dynein transport in the cytoplasm versus the cilium

Two classes of dynein power long-distance cargo transport in different cellular contexts. Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is responsible for the majority of transport toward microtubule minus ends in the cell interior. Dynein-2, also known as intraflagellar transport dynein, moves cargoes along the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Both dyneins operate as large ATP-driven motor complexes, whose dysfunction is associated with a group of human disorders. But how similar are their mechanisms of action and regulation? To examine this question, this review focuses on recent advances in dynein-1 and -2 research, and probes to what extent the emerging principles of dynein-1 transport could apply to or differ from those of the less well-understood dynein-2 mechanoenzyme

Quantifying the benefits of greywater systems

This thesis offers a decision support framework to establish the economic feasibility associated with considering the installation of a greywater system. Because of the potential dangers and lack of widespread knowledge of greywater systems, the study begins by providing an explanation of current greywater technology to include the history of the technology, an explanation of greywater as opposed to reclaimed water, the potential risks of greywater use, and the necessary components of a greywater system. This decision support framework can be used with any scale of greywater system to be installed within any scale of facility. The example of an typical Atlanta, Georgia, USA multifamily rental development is used within the study to explain the framework by showing a working model. The need for water conservation in Georgia is shown and how greywater use dovetails with the need to lower overall usage. The legality of greywater use in Georgia along with the specific legal uses is also shown. The findings are then made State of Georgia and use specific to a multifamily development. The decision support framework provided is a viable tool. The sample framework in chapter 5 shows that the implementation of a greywater unit in the sampled facility would save 5,060,739.6 gallons of potable water per year with a 10.49 year payback cycle.M.S.Committee Chair: Kathy Roper; Committee Member: Debbie Phillips; Committee Member: Rick Porte