A Large-Scale FPGA-Based Trigger and Dead-Time Free DAQ System for the Kaos Spectrometer at MAMI

The Kaos spectrometer is maintained by the A1 collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI with a focus on the study of (e,e'K^+) coincidence reactions. For its electron-arm two vertical planes of fiber arrays, each comprising approximately 10 000 fibers, are operated close to zero degree scattering angle and in close proximity to the electron beam. A nearly dead-time free DAQ system to acquire timing and tracking information has been installed for this spectrometer arm. The signals of 144 multi-anode photomultipliers are collected by 96-channel front-end boards, digitized by double-threshold discriminators and the signal time is picked up by state-of-the-art F1 time-to-digital converter chips. In order to minimize background rates a sophisticated trigger logic was implemented in newly developed Vuprom modules. The trigger performs noise suppression, signal cluster finding, particle tracking, and coincidence timing, and can be expanded for kinematical matching (e'K^+) coincidences. The full system was designed to process more than 4 000 read-out channels and to cope with the high electron flux in the spectrometer and the high count rate requirement of the detectors. It was successfully in-beam tested at MAMI in 2009.Comment: Contributed to 17th IEEE Real Time Conference (RT10), Lisbon, 24-28 May 201

The Confidence Database

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at https://osf.io/s46pr/) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects

Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse.

Contains fulltext : 70445.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)INTRODUCTION: A retainer bonded to the lingual surfaces of the mandibular canines (3-3 retainer) is a widely used type of retention. Our aim in this study was to assess the effectiveness of the 3-3 mandibular lingual stainless steel retainer to prevent relapse of the orthodontic treatment in the mandibular anterior region. METHODS: The sample consisted of the dental casts of 235 consecutively treated patients (96 boys, 139 girls) from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands, who received a 3-3 mandibular lingual stainless steel retainer at the end of active orthodontic treatment. The casts were studied before treatment (Ts), immediately after treatment (T0), and 2 years (T2), and 5 years (T5) posttreatment. RESULTS: The main irregularity index decreased significantly from 7.2 mm (SD, 4.0) at Ts to 0.3 mm (SD, 0.5) at T0; it increased significantly during the posttreatment period to 0.7 mm (SD, 0.8) at T2 and 0.9 mm (SD, 0.9) at T5. The irregularity index was stable during the 5-year posttreatment period (T0-T5) in 141 patients (60%) and increased by 0.4 mm (SD, 0.7) in 94 patients (40%). The intercanine distance increased 1.3 mm between Ts and T0 and remained stable during the posttreatment period. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-3 mandibular lingual stainless steel retainer (bonded to the canines only) is effective in preventing relapse in the mandibular anterior region in most patients, but a relatively high percentage will experience a small to moderate increase in mandibular incisor irregularity

Definition und Darstellung der verschiedenen Typen des Nasenzyklus mittels Langzeitrhinometrie

Background!#!A reciprocal swelling of the nasal mucosa is often referred to as the classical nasal cycle; however, reports in the literature suggest a more complex picture. Most of the research on the nasal cycle is based on individual measurements. The long-term rhinometry (LRM) now makes it possible to continuously examine the cyclic swelling of the nasal mucosa over 24 h. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the nasal cycle with LRM over 24 h.!##!Material and methods!#!An LRM was performed in 55 rhinologically healthy subjects over 24 h using the portable measuring system Rhino-Move© (Happersberger Otopront; Hohenstein, Germany).!##!Results!#!In addition to the expected strictly reciprocal swelling of the nasal mucosa in the sense of the classical nasal cycle, the following cycle types were detected: in-concert type with simultaneous rise and drop of the air flow on both sides of the nose, the one-sided type with significant congestion and decongestion of the mucous membrane only on one side and no detectable changes on the other side of the nose and the non-cycle type without any change in airflow on both sides. Most subjects showed a complex picture with multiple cycle types within the 24 h measurement (mixed nasal cycle). The types often differed during the day and night.!##!Conclusion!#!This study confirms the assumption that the nasal cycle measured over 24 h is much more complex than often described in the literature. Most subjects showed several of the 5 cycle types described here. The LRM has proven to be an easy to- use and reliable measurement method. The relationship between cycle type and physical activity as well as other factors remains to be investigated