Compact, precision duplex bearing mount for high vibration environments

A duplex bearing mount including at least one duplex bearing having an inner race and an outer race, the inner race disposed within the outer race and being rotatable relative to the outer race about an axis, the inner race having substantially no relative movement relative to the outer race in at least one direction along the axis, the inner and outer races each having first and second axial faces which are respectively located at the same axial end of the duplex bearing. The duplex bearing is radially supported by a housing, and a shaft extends through the inner race, the shaft radially and axially supported by the inner race. A first retainer is connected to the housing and engages the first axial surface of a bearing race, the movement of which race in a first direction along the axis being constrained by the first retainer. A second, resilient retainer is connected to the housing or the shaft and is deflected through engagement with the second axial face of a bearing race, the movement of which race in a second direction along the axis, opposite to the first direction, being constrained by the deflected second retainer. The bearing is preloaded by its being clamped between the first and second retainers, and the second retainer forms at least a portion of a spring having the characteristic of a substantially constant force value correlating to a range of various deflection values, whereby the preload of the bearing is substantially unaffected by variations in the deflection of the second retainer

The optical emission line spectrum of Mark 110

We analyse in detail the rich emission line spectrum of Mark 110 to determine the physical conditions in the nucleus of this object, a peculiar NLS1 without any detectable Fe II emission associated with the broad line region and with a $\lambda5007/H\beta$ line ratio unusually large for a NLS1. We use 24 spectra obtained with the Marcario Low Resolution Spectrograph attached at the prime focus of the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly telescope at the McDonald observatory. We fitted the spectrum by identifying all the emission lines (about 220) detected in the wavelength range 4200-6900 \AA (at rest). The narrow emission lines are probably produced in a region with a density gradient in the range 10$^{3}-10^{6}$ cm$^{-3}$ with a rather high column density (5$\times10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$). In addition to a narrow line system, three major broad line systems with different line velocity and width are required. We confirm the absence of broad Fe II emission lines. We speculate that Mark 110 is in fact a BLS1 with relatively "narrow" broad lines but with a BH mass large enough compared to its luminosity to have a lower than Eddington luminosity.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&

An XMM-Newton search for X-ray sources in the Fornax dwarf galaxy

We report the results of a deep archive XMM-Newton observation of the Fornax spheroidal galaxy that we analyzed with the aim of fully characterizing the X-ray source population (in most of the cases likely to be background active galactic nuclei) detected towards the target. A cross correlation with the available databases allowed us to find a source that may be associated with a variable star belonging to the galaxy. We also searched for X-ray sources in the vicinity of the Fornax globular clusters GC 3 and GC 4 and found two sources probably associated with the respective clusters. The deep X-ray observation was also suitable for the search of the intermediate-mass black hole (of mass $\simeq 10^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$) expected to be hosted in the center of the galaxy. In the case of Fornax, this search is extremely difficult since the galaxy centroid of gravity is poorly constrained because of the large asymmetry observed in the optical surface brightness. Since we cannot firmly establish the existence of an X-ray counterpart of the putative black hole, we put constraints only on the accretion parameters. In particular, we found that the corresponding upper limit on the accretion efficiency, with respect to the Eddington luminosity, is as low as a few $10^{-5}$.Comment: In press on Astronomy and Astrophysics. 12 Pages, colour figures on the on-line version of the pape

Flow synthesis of iodonium trifluoroacetates through direct oxidation of iodoarenes by Oxone®

Flow chemistry is considered to be a versatile and complementary methodology for the preparation of valuable organic compounds. We describe a straightforward approach for the synthesis of iodonium trifluoroacetates through the direct oxidation of iodoarenes in a simple flow reactor using an Oxone‐filled cartridge. Optimization has been carried out using the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The procedure allows a wide range of iodonium salts to be prepared from simple starting materials

Small molecule chemokine mimetics suggest a molecular basis for the observation that CXCL10 and CXCL11 are allosteric ligands of CXCR3.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The chemokine receptor CXCR3 directs migration of T-cells in response to the ligands CXCL9/Mig, CXCL10/IP-10 and CXCL11/I-TAC. Both ligands and receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism by which two synthetic small molecule agonists activate CXCR3. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: As both small molecules are basic, we hypothesized that they formed electrostatic interactions with acidic residues within CXCR3. Nine point mutants of CXCR3 were generated in which an acidic residue was mutated to its amide counterpart. Following transient expression, the ability of the constructs to bind and signal in response to natural and synthetic ligands was examined. KEY RESULTS: The CXCR3 mutants D112N, D195N and E196Q were efficiently expressed and responsive in chemotaxis assays to CXCL11 but not to CXCL10 or to either of the synthetic agonists, confirmed with radioligand binding assays. Molecular modelling of both CXCL10 and CXCR3 suggests that the small molecule agonists mimic a region of the '30s loop' (residues 30-40 of CXCL10) which interacts with the intrahelical CXCR3 residue D112, leading to receptor activation. D195 and E196 are located in the second extracellular loop and form putative intramolecular salt bridges required for a CXCR3 conformation that recognizes CXCL10. In contrast, CXCL11 recognition by CXCR3 is largely independent of these residues. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: We provide here a molecular basis for the observation that CXCL10 and CXCL11 are allosteric ligands of CXCR3. Such findings may have implications for the design of CXCR3 antagonists

Risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancer associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, parity and breast cancer

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is not a single disease, but rather a collection of subtypes with differing molecular properties and risk profiles. The most common of these, and the subject of this work, is high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). Methods: In this population-based study we identified a cohort of 441,382 women resident in Western Australia who had ever been admitted to hospital in the State. Of these, 454 were diagnosed with HGSC. We used Cox regression to derive hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the risk of disease in women who had each of a range of medical diagnoses and surgical procedures with women who did not. Results: We found an increased risk of HGSC associated with a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04–2.07) but not with a diagnosis of infertility or endometriosis with HRs of 1.12 (95% CI 0.73–1.71) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.55–1.22) respectively. A personal history of breast cancer was associated with a three-fold increase in the rate of HGSC. Increased parity was associated with a reduced risk of HGSC in women without a personal history of breast cancer (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44-0.73), but not in women with a personal history of breast cancer (HR 1.48; 95% CI 0.74–2.95). Conclusions: Our finding of an increased risk of HGSC associated with PID lends support to the hypothesis that inflammatory processes may be involved in the etiology of HGSC

Menus for Feeding Black Holes

Black holes are the ultimate prisons of the Universe, regions of spacetime where the enormous gravity prohibits matter or even light to escape to infinity. Yet, matter falling toward the black holes may shine spectacularly, generating the strongest source of radiation. These sources provide us with astrophysical laboratories of extreme physical conditions that cannot be realized on Earth. This chapter offers a review of the basic menus for feeding matter onto black holes and discusses their observational implications.Comment: 27 pages. Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews. Also to appear in hard cover in the Space Sciences Series of ISSI "The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes" (Springer Publisher

A review of elliptical and disc galaxy structure, and modern scaling laws

A century ago, in 1911 and 1913, Plummer and then Reynolds introduced their models to describe the radial distribution of stars in `nebulae'. This article reviews the progress since then, providing both an historical perspective and a contemporary review of the stellar structure of bulges, discs and elliptical galaxies. The quantification of galaxy nuclei, such as central mass deficits and excess nuclear light, plus the structure of dark matter halos and cD galaxy envelopes, are discussed. Issues pertaining to spiral galaxies including dust, bulge-to-disc ratios, bulgeless galaxies, bars and the identification of pseudobulges are also reviewed. An array of modern scaling relations involving sizes, luminosities, surface brightnesses and stellar concentrations are presented, many of which are shown to be curved. These 'redshift zero' relations not only quantify the behavior and nature of galaxies in the Universe today, but are the modern benchmark for evolutionary studies of galaxies, whether based on observations, N-body-simulations or semi-analytical modelling. For example, it is shown that some of the recently discovered compact elliptical galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 may be the bulges of modern disc galaxies.Comment: Condensed version (due to Contract) of an invited review article to appear in "Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems"(www.springer.com/astronomy/book/978-90-481-8818-5). 500+ references incl. many somewhat forgotten, pioneer papers. Original submission to Springer: 07-June-201

The RVDM: modelling impacts, evolution and competition processes to determine riparian vegetation dynamics

[EN] The riparian vegetation dynamic model (RVDM) is an ecohydrological model aimed to study the vegetation dynamics in riparian areas that represents an upgrade with respect to previous tools in the way of understanding the riparian dynamics. Important novelties are proposed by this tool, including a high temporal resolution (daily time step), a proposal of a new plant classification approach useful for research and management (successional plant functional types), good representation of the key processes that determine the vegetation dynamics in riparian areas (drought and flood impacts, recruitment, growth, succession and competition), an easy implementation and feasible inclusion of river morphodynamics in the model implementation (including different daily elevation and soil maps in the inputs). The model implementation in a Mediterranean semi-arid study site resulted satisfactorily (cell by cell calibration accuracy >= 65% and cell by cell validation accuracy between 40% and 60%), demonstrating the great potential of this approach for future research and management applications. Although 36 parameters are included in the model conceptualization, the global sensitivity analysis demonstrated that only eight types of parameters are actually influent. These parameters are as follows: minimum time since mixed for transition to terrestrial, root depths, transpiration factors, critical shear stress of early stages, minimum biomass required to allow succession, germination minimum capillary water content in the upper soil, effective depth considered for evaporation from bare soil and coverage of pioneers. Riparian vegetation dynamic model will be a useful tool for gaining a better understanding of the riparian plants behaviour under different ecohydrological conditions. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This research has been developed within the research project SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065) supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The hydrological data, the aerial photographs and the meteorological data have been supplied by the Hydrological Studies Centre (CEH-CEDEX), the Jucar River Basin Authority and the Spanish National Meteorological Agency (AEMET), respectively.García-Arias, A.; Francés, F. (2016). The RVDM: modelling impacts, evolution and competition processes to determine riparian vegetation dynamics. Ecohydrology. 9(3):438-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1648S43845993Baird, K. J., & Maddock, T. (2005). Simulating riparian evapotranspiration: a new methodology and application for groundwater models. Journal of Hydrology, 312(1-4), 176-190. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.014Benjankar, R., Egger, G., Jorde, K., Goodwin, P., & Glenn, N. F. (2011). Dynamic floodplain vegetation model development for the Kootenai River, USA. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(12), 3058-3070. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.017Benjankar, R., Burke, M., Yager, E., Tonina, D., Egger, G., Rood, S. B., & Merz, N. (2014). Development of a spatially-distributed hydroecological model to simulate cottonwood seedling recruitment along rivers. Journal of Environmental Management, 145, 277-288. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.027BOEDELTJE, G., BAKKER, J. P., TEN BRINKE, A., VAN GROENENDAEL, J. M., & SOESBERGEN, M. (2004). Dispersal phenology of hydrochorous plants in relation to discharge, seed release time and buoyancy of seeds: the flood pulse concept supported. Journal of Ecology, 92(5), 786-796. doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00906.xBrinson, M. M., & Verhoeven, J. (1999). Riparian forests. Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems, 265-299. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511613029.010CAMPBELL, G. S. (1974). A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING UNSATURATED CONDUCTIVITY FROM MOISTURE RETENTION DATA. Soil Science, 117(6), 311-314. doi:10.1097/00010694-197406000-00001Camporeale, C., & Ridolfi, L. (2006). Riparian vegetation distribution induced by river flow variability: A stochastic approach. Water Resources Research, 42(10). doi:10.1029/2006wr004933Camporeale, C., Perucca, E., Ridolfi, L., & Gurnell, A. M. (2013). MODELING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RIVER MORPHODYNAMICS AND RIPARIAN VEGETATION. Reviews of Geophysics, 51(3), 379-414. doi:10.1002/rog.20014Canadell, J., Jackson, R. B., Ehleringer, J. B., Mooney, H. A., Sala, O. E., & Schulze, E.-D. (1996). Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia, 108(4), 583-595. doi:10.1007/bf00329030Cannell, M. G. R., Milne, R., Sheppard, L. J., & Unsworth, M. H. (1987). Radiation Interception and Productivity of Willow. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 24(1), 261. doi:10.2307/2403803Cao, X., Jia, J. B., Li, H., Li, M. C., Luo, J., Liang, Z. S., … Luo, Z. B. (2011). Photosynthesis, water use efficiency and stable carbon isotope composition are associated with anatomical properties of leaf and xylem in six poplar species. Plant Biology, 14(4), 612-620. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00531.xCerrillo, T., Rodríguez, M. E., Achinelli, F., Doffo, G., & Luquez, V. M. (2013). Do greenhouse experiments predict willow responses tolong term flooding events in the field? Bosque (Valdivia), 34(1), 17-18. doi:10.4067/s0717-92002013000100009Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37-46. doi:10.1177/001316446002000104Collalti, A., Perugini, L., Santini, M., Chiti, T., Nolè, A., Matteucci, G., & Valentini, R. (2014). A process-based model to simulate growth in forests with complex structure: Evaluation and use of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model in a deciduous forest in Central Italy. Ecological Modelling, 272, 362-378. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.016Corenblit, D., Tabacchi, E., Steiger, J., & Gurnell, A. M. (2007). Reciprocal interactions and adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation dynamics in river corridors: A review of complementary approaches. Earth-Science Reviews, 84(1-2), 56-86. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.05.004Corenblit, D., Steiger, J., Tabacchi, E., González, E., & Planty-Tabacchi, A.-M. (2012). ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS MODULATE EXOTIC INVASIONS IN RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES BY MODIFYING HYDROGEOMORPHIC CONNECTIVITY. River Research and Applications, 30(1), 45-59. doi:10.1002/rra.2618Coulthard, T. J., Hicks, D. M., & Van De Wiel, M. J. (2007). Cellular modelling of river catchments and reaches: Advantages, limitations and prospects. Geomorphology, 90(3-4), 192-207. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.030Douma, J. C., de Haan, M. W. A., Aerts, R., Witte, J.-P. M., & van Bodegom, P. M. (2011). Succession-induced trait shifts across a wide range of NW European ecosystems are driven by light and modulated by initial abiotic conditions. Journal of Ecology, 100(2), 366-380. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01932.xFormann, E., Habersack, H. M., & Schober, S. (2007). Morphodynamic river processes and techniques for assessment of channel evolution in Alpine gravel bed rivers. Geomorphology, 90(3-4), 340-355. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.029García-Arias, A., Francés, F., Ferreira, T., Egger, G., Martínez-Capel, F., Garófano-Gómez, V., … Rodríguez-González, P. M. (2012). Implementing a dynamic riparian vegetation model in three European river systems. Ecohydrology, 6(4), 635-651. doi:10.1002/eco.1331García-Arias, A., Francés, F., Morales-de la Cruz, M., Real, J., Vallés-Morán, F., Garófano-Gómez, V., & Martínez-Capel, F. (2013). Riparian evapotranspiration modelling: model description and implementation for predicting vegetation spatial distribution in semi-arid environments. Ecohydrology, 7(2), 659-677. doi:10.1002/eco.1387Glenn, E., Huete, A., Nagler, P., & Nelson, S. (2008). Relationship Between Remotely-sensed Vegetation Indices, Canopy Attributes and Plant Physiological Processes: What Vegetation Indices Can and Cannot Tell Us About the Landscape. Sensors, 8(4), 2136-2160. doi:10.3390/s8042136González, E., Comín, F. A., & Muller, E. (2009). Seed dispersal, germination and early seedling establishment of Populus alba L. under simulated water table declines in different substrates. Trees, 24(1), 151-163. doi:10.1007/s00468-009-0388-yGREET, J., ANGUS WEBB, J., & COUSENS, R. D. (2011). The importance of seasonal flow timing for riparian vegetation dynamics: a systematic review using causal criteria analysis. Freshwater Biology, 56(7), 1231-1247. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02564.xGuilloy-Froget, H., Muller, E., Barsoum, N., & Hughes, F. M. M. (2002). Dispersal, germination, and survival of Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae) in changing hydrologic conditions. Wetlands, 22(3), 478-488. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0478:dgasop]2.0.co;2Gurnell, A., Thompson, K., Goodson, J., & Moggridge, H. (2008). Propagule deposition along river margins: linking hydrology and ecology. Journal of Ecology, 96(3), 553-565. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01358.xHood, W. G., & Naiman, R. J. (2000). Plant Ecology, 148(1), 105-114. doi:10.1023/a:1009800327334Hooke, J. M., Brookes, C. J., Duane, W., & Mant, J. M. (2005). A simulation model of morphological, vegetation and sediment changes in ephemeral streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(7), 845-866. doi:10.1002/esp.1195Hornberger, G. (1980). Eutrophication in peel inlet—I. The problem-defining behavior and a mathematical model for the phosphorus scenario. Water Research, 14(1), 29-42. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90039-1Kozlowski, T. T. (2002). Physiological-ecological impacts of flooding on riparian forest ecosystems. Wetlands, 22(3), 550-561. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0550:peiofo]2.0.co;2Laio, F., Porporato, A., Fernandez-Illescas, C. ., & Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (2001). Plants in water-controlled ecosystems: active role in hydrologic processes and response to water stress. Advances in Water Resources, 24(7), 745-762. doi:10.1016/s0309-1708(01)00007-0Lite, S. J., Bagstad, K. J., & Stromberg, J. C. (2005). Riparian plant species richness along lateral and longitudinal gradients of water stress and flood disturbance, San Pedro River, Arizona, USA. Journal of Arid Environments, 63(4), 785-813. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.026Lytle, D. A., & Poff, N. L. (2004). Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(2), 94-100. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.002Maddock T III Baird KJ 2003 A riparian evapotranspiration package for Modflow-96 and Modflow-2000 University of Arizona 60Maddock T III Baird KJ Hanson RT Schmid W Hoori A 2012 RIP-ET: a riparian evapotranspiration package for MODFLOW-2005 76Mahoney, J. M., & Rood, S. B. (1998). Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment—An integrative model. Wetlands, 18(4), 634-645. doi:10.1007/bf03161678McCree, K. J. (1971). The action spectrum, absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants. Agricultural Meteorology, 9, 191-216. doi:10.1016/0002-1571(71)90022-7Medici, C., Wade, A. J., & Francés, F. (2012). Does increased hydrochemical model complexity decrease robustness? Journal of Hydrology, 440-441, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.047MERRITT, D. M., SCOTT, M. L., LeROY POFF, N., AUBLE, G. T., & LYTLE, D. A. (2010). Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: riparian vegetation-flow response guilds. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 206-225. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.xMontaldo, N., Rondena, R., Albertson, J. D., & Mancini, M. (2005). Parsimonious modeling of vegetation dynamics for ecohydrologic studies of water-limited ecosystems. Water Resources Research, 41(10). doi:10.1029/2005wr004094Mouton, A. M., De Baets, B., & Goethals, P. L. M. (2010). Ecological relevance of performance criteria for species distribution models. Ecological Modelling, 221(16), 1995-2002. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.04.017NAGLER, P. (2004). Leaf area index and normalized difference vegetation index as predictors of canopy characteristics and light interception by riparian species on the Lower Colorado River. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 125(1-2), 1-17. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.03.008Naiman, R. J., Latterell, J. J., Pettit, N. E., & Olden, J. D. (2008). Flow variability and the biophysical vitality of river systems. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 340(9-10), 629-643. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2008.01.002Naumburg, E., Mata-gonzalez, R., Hunter, R. G., Mclendon, T., & Martin, D. W. (2005). Phreatophytic Vegetation and Groundwater Fluctuations: A Review of Current Research and Application of Ecosystem Response Modeling with an Emphasis on Great Basin Vegetation. Environmental Management, 35(6), 726-740. doi:10.1007/s00267-004-0194-7Neff, K. P., & Baldwin, A. H. (2005). Seed dispersal into wetlands: Techniques and results for a restored tidal freshwater marsh. Wetlands, 25(2), 392-404. doi:10.1672/14PADILLA, F. M., & PUGNAIRE, F. I. (2007). Rooting depth and soil moisture control Mediterranean woody seedling survival during drought. Functional Ecology, 21(3), 489-495. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01267.xPasquato, M., Medici, C., Friend, A. D., & Francés, F. (2014). Comparing two approaches for parsimonious vegetation modelling in semiarid regions using satellite data. Ecohydrology, 8(6), 1024-1036. doi:10.1002/eco.1559Perona, P., Camporeale, C., Perucca, E., Savina, M., Molnar, P., Burlando, P., & Ridolfi, L. (2009). Modelling river and riparian vegetation interactions and related importance for sustainable ecosystem management. Aquatic Sciences, 71(3), 266-278. doi:10.1007/s00027-009-9215-1Perucca, E., Camporeale, C., & Ridolfi, L. (2006). Influence of river meandering dynamics on riparian vegetation pattern formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(G1). doi:10.1029/2005jg000073Polley, H. W., Phillips, R. L., Frank, A. B., Bradford, J. A., Sims, P. L., Morgan, J. A., & Kiniry, J. R. (2010). Variability in Light-Use Efficiency for Gross Primary Productivity on Great Plains Grasslands. Ecosystems, 14(1), 15-27. doi:10.1007/s10021-010-9389-3Porporato, A., Laio, F., Ridolfi, L., & Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (2001). Plants in water-controlled ecosystems: active role in hydrologic processes and response to water stress. Advances in Water Resources, 24(7), 725-744. doi:10.1016/s0309-1708(01)00006-9Quevedo, D. I., & Francés, F. (2008). A conceptual dynamic vegetation-soil model for arid and semiarid zones. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 12(5), 1175-1187. doi:10.5194/hess-12-1175-2008Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Porporato, A., Laio, F., & Ridolfi, L. (2001). Plants in water-controlled ecosystems: active role in hydrologic processes and response to water stress. Advances in Water Resources, 24(7), 695-705. doi:10.1016/s0309-1708(01)00004-5Rood, S. B., Braatne, J. H., & Hughes, F. M. R. (2003). Ecophysiology of riparian cottonwoods: stream flow dependency, water relations and restoration. Tree Physiology, 23(16), 1113-1124. doi:10.1093/treephys/23.16.1113Ryel, R., Caldwell, M., Yoder, C., Or, D., & Leffler, A. (2002). Hydraulic redistribution in a stand of Artemisia tridentata: evaluation of benefits to transpiration assessed with a simulation model. Oecologia, 130(2), 173-184. doi:10.1007/s004420100794Schenk, H. J., & Jackson, R. B. (2002). Rooting depths, lateral root spreads and below-ground/above-ground allometries of plants in water-limited ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 90(3), 480-494. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00682.xScott RL Goodrich DC Levick LR 2003 A GIS-based management tool to quantify riparian vegetation groundwater use 222 227Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I. C., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W., … Venevsky, S. (2003). Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Global Change Biology, 9(2), 161-185. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00569.xSoetaert, K., Hoffmann, M., Meire, P., Starink, M., Oevelen, D. van, Regenmortel, S. V., & Cox, T. (2004). Modeling growth and carbon allocation in two reed beds (Phragmites australis) in the Scheldt estuary. Aquatic Botany, 79(3), 211-234. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.02.001Stevens LE Waring LG 1985 The effects of prolonged flooding on the riparian plant community in Grand CanyonTabacchi, E., Correll, D. L., Hauer, R., Pinay, G., Planty‐Tabacchi, A., & Wissmar, R. C. (1998). Development, maintenance and role of riparian vegetation in the river landscape. Freshwater Biology, 40(3), 497-516. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00381.xTabacchi, E., Planty-Tabacchi, A.-M., Roques, L., & Nadal, E. (2005). Seed inputs in riparian zones: implications for plant invasion. River Research and Applications, 21(2-3), 299-313. doi:10.1002/rra.848TURNER, D. P., URBANSKI, S., BREMER, D., WOFSY, S. C., MEYERS, T., GOWER, S. T., & GREGORY, M. (2003). A cross-biome comparison of daily light use efficiency for gross primary production. Global Change Biology, 9(3), 383-395. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00573.xWade, A. J., Hornberger, G. M., Whitehead, P. G., Jarvie, H. P., & Flynn, N. (2001). On modeling the mechanisms that control in-stream phosphorus, macrophyte, and epiphyte dynamics: An assessment of a new model using general sensitivity analysis. Water Resources Research, 37(11), 2777-2792. doi:10.1029/2000wr000115Webb, R. H., & Leake, S. A. (2006). Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States. Journal of Hydrology, 320(3-4), 302-323. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022Woodward, F. I., & Cramer, W. (1996). Plant functional types and climatic change: Introduction. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7(3), 306-308. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.1996.tb00489.xYe, F., Chen, Q., Blanckaert, K., & Ma, J. (2012). Riparian vegetation dynamics: insight provided by a process-based model, a statistical model and field data. Ecohydrology, 6(4), 567-585. doi:10.1002/eco.1348Yuan, W., Liu, S., Zhou, G., Zhou, G., Tieszen, L. L., Baldocchi, D., … Wofsy, S. C. (2007). Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 143(3-4), 189-207. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.001Zheng, Z., & Wang, G. (2007). Modeling the dynamic root water uptake and its hydrological impact at the Reserva Jaru site in Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 112(G4), n/a-n/a. doi:10.1029/2007jg00041

Search for Kaluza-Klein Graviton Emission in ppˉp\bar{p} Collisions at s=1.8\sqrt{s}=1.8 TeV using the Missing Energy Signature

We report on a search for direct Kaluza-Klein graviton production in a data sample of 84 ${pb}^{-1}$ of \ppb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8 TeV, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We investigate the final state of large missing transverse energy and one or two high energy jets. We compare the data with the predictions from a $3+1+n$-dimensional Kaluza-Klein scenario in which gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale. At 95% confidence level (C.L.) for $n$=2, 4, and 6 we exclude an effective Planck scale below 1.0, 0.77, and 0.71 TeV, respectively.Comment: Submitted to PRL, 7 pages 4 figures/Revision includes 5 figure