Cross-talk between adherens junctions and desmosomes depends on plakoglobin

Squamous epithelial cells have both adherens junctions and desmosomes. The ability of these cells to organize the desmosomal proteins into a functional structure depends upon their ability first to organize an adherens junction. Since the adherens junction and the desmosome are separate structures with different molecular make up, it is not immediately obvious why formation of an adherens junction is a prerequisite for the formation of a desmosome. The adherens junction is composed of a transmembrane classical cadherin (E-cadherin and/or P-cadherin in squamous epithelial cells) linked to either β-catenin or plakoglobin, which is linked to α-catenin, which is linked to the actin cytoskeleton. The desmosome is composed of transmembrane proteins of the broad cadherin family (desmogleins and desmocollins) that are linked to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, presumably through plakoglobin and desmoplakin. To begin to study the role of adherens junctions in the assembly of desmosomes, we produced an epithelial cell line that does not express classical cadherins and hence is unable to organize desmosomes, even though it retains the requisite desmosomal components. Transfection of E-cadherin and/or P-cadherin into this cell line did not restore the ability to organize desmosomes; however, overexpression of plakoglobin, along with E- cadherin, did permit desmosome organization. These data suggest that plakoglobin, which is the only known common component to both adherens junctions and desmosomes, must be linked to E-cadherin in the adherens junction before the cell can begin to assemble desmosomal components at regions of cell-cell contact. Although adherens junctions can form in the absence of plakoglobin, making use only of β-catenin, such junctions cannot support the formation of desmosomes. Thus, we speculate that plakoglobin plays a signaling role in desmosome organization

Hyaluronidase Hyal1 Increases Tumor Cell Proliferation and Motility through Accelerated Vesicle Trafficking

Background: Hyal1 is a turnover enzyme for hyaluronan that accelerates metastatic cancer by increasing cell motility. Results: Hyal1-overexpressing cells have a higher rate of endocytosis that impacts cargo internalization and recycling. Conclusion: The higher rate of vesicle trafficking increases motility receptor function and nutrient uptake. Significance: This novel mechanism implicates Hyal1 trafficking in multiple signaling events during tumor progression

Hyaluronidase Hyal1 Increases Tumor Cell Proliferation and Motility through Accelerated Vesicle Trafficking

Background: Hyal1 is a turnover enzyme for hyaluronan that accelerates metastatic cancer by increasing cell motility. Results: Hyal1-overexpressing cells have a higher rate of endocytosis that impacts cargo internalization and recycling. Conclusion: The higher rate of vesicle trafficking increases motility receptor function and nutrient uptake. Significance: This novel mechanism implicates Hyal1 trafficking in multiple signaling events during tumor progression

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bbˉb\bar{b} pair in events with no charged leptons and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set

We report on a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV recorded by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb$^{-1}$. We consider events having no identified charged lepton, a transverse energy imbalance, and two or three jets, of which at least one is consistent with originating from the decay of a $b$ quark. We place 95% credibility level upper limits on the production cross section times standard model branching fraction for several mass hypotheses between 90 and $150 \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$. For a Higgs boson mass of $125 \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$, the observed (expected) limit is 6.7 (3.6) times the standard model prediction.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with one charged lepton and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson in sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV p-pbar collision data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb-1. In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the W boson to an electron or muon and a neutrino, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the WH production cross section times the H->bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c2 we observe (expect) a limit of 4.9 (2.8) times the standard model value.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett (v2 contains clarifications suggested by PRL

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with two oppositely-charged leptons using the full CDF data set

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson in data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45/fb. In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the Z boson to electron or muon pairs, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the ZH production cross section times the H -> bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c^2 we observe (expect) a limit of 7.1 (3.9) times the standard model value.Comment: To be submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Measurement of the Top Quark Mass with the Collider Detector at Fermilab

This report describes a measurement of the top quark mass in \ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV. The data sample was collected with the CDF detector during the 1992--95 collider run at the Fermilab Tevatron, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 106 \pb. Candidate $t\bar{t}$ events in the ``lepton+jets'' decay channel provide our most precise measurement of the top quark mass. For each event a top mass is determined by using energy and momentum constraints on the production of the \ttbar pair and its subsequent decay. A likelihood fit to the distribution of reconstructed masses in the data sample gives a top mass in the lepton+jets channel of 176.1\pm 5.1 (stat.)\pm 5.3 (syst.) \gevcc. Combining this result with measurements from the ``all-hadronic'' and ``dilepton'' decay topologies yields a top mass of 176.1\pm 6.6 \gevcc.Comment: 158 pages, 41 figure

Tevatron Run II combination of the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle

Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced in the process pp[over ¯]→ℓ⁺ℓ⁻+X through an intermediate γ*/Z boson have an asymmetry in their angular distribution related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak force and the associated mixing of its neutral gauge bosons. The CDF and D0 experiments have measured the effective-leptonic electroweak mixing parameter sin²θ[subscript eff][superscript lept] using electron and muon pairs selected from the full Tevatron proton-antiproton data sets collected in 2001-2011, corresponding to 9–10  fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity. The combination of these measurements yields the most precise result from hadron colliders, sin²θ[subscript eff][superscript lept] = 0.23148±0.00033. This result is consistent with, and approaches in precision, the best measurements from electron-positron colliders. The standard model inference of the on-shell electroweak mixing parameter sin²θ[subscript W], or equivalently the W-boson mass M[subscript W], using the zfitter software package yields sin²θ[subscript W] = 0.22324±0.00033 or equivalently, M[subscript W] = 80.367±0.017  GeV/c²

Tevatron Combination of Single-Top-Quark Cross Sections and Determination of the Magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Element Vtb

We present the final combination of CDF and D0 measurements of cross sections for single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7??fb-1 per experiment. The t-channel cross section is measured to be st=2.25+0.29-0.31??pb. We also present the combinations of the two-dimensional measurements of the s- vs t-channel cross section. In addition, we give the combination of the s+t channel cross section measurement resulting in ss+t=3.30+0.52-0.40??pb, without assuming the standard model value for the ratio ss/st. The resulting value of the magnitude of the top-to-bottom quark coupling is |Vtb|=1.02+0.06-0.05, corresponding to |Vtb|>0.92 at the 95% C.L

Measurement of the difference of CP-violating asymmetries in D0 -> K+K- and D0 ->pi+pi- decays at CDF

We report a measurement of the difference (Delta Acp) between time-integrated CP--violating asymmetries in D0-> K+ K- and D0-> pi+pi- decays reconstructed in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to 9.7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. The strong decay D*+->D0 pi+ is used to identify the charm meson at production as D0 or anti-D0. We measure Delta Acp = [-0.62 +- 0.21 (stat) +- 0.10 (syst)] %, which differs from zero by 2.7 Gaussian standard deviations.This result supports similar evidence for CP violation in charm-quark decays obtained in proton-proton collisions.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 111801 (2012