Detection of recurrent copy number alterations in the genome: taking among-subject heterogeneity seriously

Se adjunta un fichero pdf con los datos de investigación titulado "Supplementary Material for \Detection of Recurrent Copy Number Alterations in the Genome: taking among-subject heterogeneity seriously"Background: Alterations in the number of copies of genomic DNA that are common or recurrent among diseased individuals are likely to contain disease-critical genes. Unfortunately, defining common or recurrent copy number alteration (CNA) regions remains a challenge. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of many diseases requires that we search for common or recurrent CNA regions that affect only some subsets of the samples (without knowledge of the regions and subsets affected), but this is neglected by most methods. Results: We have developed two methods to define recurrent CNA regions from aCGH data. Our methods are unique and qualitatively different from existing approaches: they detect regions over both the complete set of arrays and alterations that are common only to some subsets of the samples (i.e., alterations that might characterize previously unknown groups); they use probabilities of alteration as input and return probabilities of being a common region, thus allowing researchers to modify thresholds as needed; the two parameters of the methods have an immediate, straightforward, biological interpretation. Using data from previous studies, we show that we can detect patterns that other methods miss and that researchers can modify, as needed, thresholds of immediate interpretability and develop custom statistics to answer specific research questions. Conclusion: These methods represent a qualitative advance in the location of recurrent CNA regions, highlight the relevance of population heterogeneity for definitions of recurrence, and can facilitate the clustering of samples with respect to patterns of CNA. Ultimately, the methods developed can become important tools in the search for genomic regions harboring disease-critical genesFunding provided by Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrileña. Publication charges covered by projects CONSOLIDER: CSD2007-00050 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by RTIC COMBIOMED RD07/0067/0014 of the Spanish Health Ministr

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality

Background and purpose: Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). Results: There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. Conclusions: During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). RESULTS: There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. CONCLUSIONS: During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT

USE OF SOME CASTOR OIL DERIVATIVES AS SURFACTANTS IN NR LATEX INDUSTRY

S u r f a c t a n t s which f i n d a p p l i c a t i o n s i n l o c a l NR l a t e x i n d u s t r y are c h i e f l y imported c h e m i c a l s . With a view t o r e p l a c e some of these c h e m i c a l s w i t h l o c a l l y p r o d u c i b l e m a t e r i a l s , i n t h i s s t u d y , c a s t o r o il e x t r a c t e d in t h i s country was converted c h e m i c a l l y i n t o i ts d e r i v a t i v e s - c a s t o r soap ( p o t a s s i um r i c i n o l e a f e e ) and s u l p h a t e d c a s t or o i l . The e f f e c t s o f a d d i t i o n o f each d e r i v a t i v e on t h e s t a b i l i t y and f o a m i n g b e h a v i o u r of NR l a t e x and on e m u l s i f i c a t i o n of a l i q u id s o f t e n e r ( p a r a f f i n o i l ) were i n v e s t i g a t e d . F u r t h e r , t h e d e r i v a t i v e, s u l p h a t e d c a s t o r o i l was a l s o t e s t e d for i t s s u i t a b i l i t y as a d i s p e r s i n g agent in the p r e p a r a t i o n of an a c c e l e r a t o r (ZMBT) d i s p e r s i o n . To assess the performances of these d e r i v a t i v e s in the above d e t e r m i n a t i o n s , p a r a l l e l t e s t s were a l s o c a r r i e d out u s i n g potassium o l e a t e in the f i r s t two t e s t s and D i s p e r s o l LN (sodium s a l t of n a p h t h a l e n e f o r m a l d e h y d e s u l p h o n a t e ) i n t h e t h i r d t e s t

Feature comparison of yelp restaurants based on sentiment analysis

Today the internet has given a huge space for people to explore new experiences. It has made lives more comfortable. Global information can be retrieved within seconds over any topic. Advance of such internet technologies made people to share own experiences over various topics. The extensive use of social media, forums, blogs or various e- commerce platforms have made this easier. People give opinions on various products or services based on their experiences. These reviews affect marketing strategies of online businesses. Also, comments are important for the staff or the owners as well. Positivity or the negativity of these comments is important. But thousands of reviews are collected per a day. In order to get an idea about the reviews one has to spend many hours reading them. This is an impossible task. Hence there should be an easier way to explore huge number of reviews with in seconds. This research is based on implementing a system to facilitate this task. The domain of the business is restaurants. People often search for good restaurants. Most of them are used to explore various customer reviews to find the best one. The solution will be a hybrid sentiment-based system which aids customers to find good restaurants in a particular city. Customer review datasets of various restaurants in a particular city are collected from Yelp.com. The reviews are analyzed based on popular restaurant features such as price, quality of food, ambience or service. The main functionality of the system is to deliver a sentimental comparison between various restaurants over their features. Several NLP tasks with machine learning techniques such as multilabel Naïve Bayes model, SVM model, deep learning convolution neural networks and word embeddings are used in this research

Richtlinien zur Verwendung von Desinfektionsmitteln: Vergleich zwischen Malaysia und anderen Ländern

Aim: Sanitation and cleanliness are essential factors in reducing the spread of pathogens and preventing healthcare-associated infections. Disinfectants are associated with better hygiene outcomes to reduce pathogen transmission risk and minimize risks to healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. Methods: A literature search was undertaken using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria for this study are observational and original research studies dating from the five-year period 2017-2021. Other inclusion criteria are full text, English language, qualitative or quantitative studies relevant to the research question. The exclusion criteria are animal studies, systematic reviews, conference proceedings, abstracts, projection modelling studies, in-vivo or in-vitro studies, and books. Results: Five study nations included the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), China, India and South Korea, together with Malaysia. These nations have existing policies, regulations and guidelines regarding the use of disinfectants. HCWs should be aware of the national laws and guidelines that govern the purchase, distribution and use of disinfectants. They should also understand the different roles of the agencies involved, so the context for the guidance provided is clear. Coordination and collaboration across various stakeholders are required for creating solid policies. Conclusion: Product research and innovation are indispensable, as appropriate personal protective equipment and safety measures for HCWs and patients have top priority in every nation. Hence, clear guidelines for handling disinfectants, in addition to health education about scientific-evidence-based disinfectants, are required.Zielsetzung: Hygiene und Sauberkeit sind wesentliche Faktoren, um die Ausbreitung von Krankheitserregern zu unterbinden und Healthcare-assoziierte Infektionen (HAI) zu verhindern. Der Einsatz von Desinfektionsmitteln erfolgt mit dem Ziel, das Risiko der Übertragung von Krankheitserregern zu verringern und dadurch Infektionsrisiken für Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen und für Patienten zu minimieren. Methode: Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche in den elektronischen Datenbanken Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid und Google Scholar durchgeführt. Die Einschlusskriterien für die Studie sind Beobachtungs- und Originalstudien aus den letzten fünf Jahren (2017-2021). Weitere Einschlusskriterien sind englischsprachige, qualitative oder quantitative Studien im Volltext, die für die Forschungsfrage relevant sind. Ausschlusskriterien sind Tierstudien, systematische Übersichten, Konferenzberichte, Zusammenfassungen, Projektionsmodellierungsstudien, In-vivo- oder In-vitro-Studien und Bücher. Ergebnisse: Zu den fünf Studienländern gehören die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (USA), das Vereinigte Königreich (UK), China, Indien, Südkorea und Malaysia. In diesen Ländern gibt es Strategien, Vorschriften und Richtlinien zur Verwendung von Desinfektionsmitteln. Die Mitarbeiter des Gesundheitswesens sollten die nationalen Gesetze und Richtlinien kennen, die den Kauf, die Verteilung und die Verwendung von Desinfektionsmitteln regeln. Sie sollten auch die verschiedenen Rollen der beteiligten Stellen verstehen, damit der Kontext für die bereitgestellten Leitlinien klar ist. Für die Entwicklung solider Strategien sind Koordination und Zusammenarbeit zwischen den verschiedenen Interessengruppen erforderlich.Schlussfolgerung: Produktforschung und -innovation sind unentbehrlich, weil eine angemessene persönliche Schutzausrüstung und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen für das Gesundheitspersonal und die Patienten für jede Nation höchste Priorität haben. Daher sind klare Leitlinien für den Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln sowie eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Gesundheitsaufklärung über Desinfektionsmittel erforderlich