Management of service crops for the provision of ecosystem services in vineyards: A review

Service crops are crops grown with the aim of providing non-marketed ecosystem services, i.e. differing from food, fiber and fuel production. Vineyard soils face various agronomic issues such as poor organic carbon levels, erosion, fertility losses, and numerous studies have highlighted the ability of service crops to address these issues. In addition to their ability to increase soil organic matter and fertility, and reduce runoff and erosion processes, service crops provide a large variety of ecosystem services in vineyards such as weed control, pest and disease regulation, water supply, water purification, improvement of field trafficability and maintenance of soil biodiversity. However, associating service crops with grapevines may also generate disservices and impair grape production: competition for soil resources with the grapevine is often highlighted to reject such association. Consequently, vinegrowers have to find a balance between services and disservices, depending on local soil and climate conditions, on their objectives of grape production and on the nature and temporality of the ecosystem services they expect during the grapevine cycle. This study proposes a review of the services and disservices provided by service crops in vineyards, and a framework for their management. Vinegrowers’ production objectives and pedoclimatic constraints form the preliminary stage to consider before defining a strategy of service crop management. This strategy assembles management options such as the choice of species, its spatial distribution within the vineyard, the timing of its installation, maintenance and destruction. These management options, defined for both annual and long-term time scales, form action levers which may impact cropping system functioning. Finally, we underline the importance of implementing an adaptive strategy at the seasonal time scale. Such tactical management allows adapting the cropping system to observed climate and state of the biophysical system during the grapevine cycle, in order to provide targeted services and achieve satisfactory production objectives

Oberkrainer-Sound in deutscher Übersetzung

Multimodale Texte, besonders die singbaren Lieder unterschiedlicher Genres, wurden in der Translationswissenschaft bisher selten diskutiert. Deswegen steht die volkstümliche Musik, vor allem sogenannte Oberkrainer-Musik bzw. der Oberkrainer-Sound, der sich nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in Slowenien und im deutschsprachigen Raum stark verbreitet hat, im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Als Grundlage der Analyse dienen die Lieder des Ensembles Ansambel bratov Avsenik (Slavko Avsenik und seine Original Oberkrainer), die nach dem Modell der Singbarkeit von Franzon analysiert werden. Verglichen werden die slowenischen Originallieder mit den Übersetzungen. Das Ziel dabei ist es, zu untersuchen, wie ÜbersetzerInnen mit singbaren Texten umgehen, welche Übersetzungsstrategien angewendet werden, welche Faktoren dabei zu berücksichtigen sind und wie sich die Änderungen in Übersetzungen erklären lassen. Da bei singbaren Übersetzungen die Melodie eine wichtige Rolle spielt, können in diesen Übersetzungen viele inhaltliche Unterschiede verzeichnet werden. Der Grund für diese Veränderungen liegt jedoch nicht nur in der Wichtigkeit der musikalischen Modi, sondern es müssen auch andere Faktoren, wie etwa Zielkultur und Zielfunktion berücksichtigt werden.Multimodal texts, especially songs of varying genres, have until now only rarely been discussed in the field of Translation Studies. The topic of this thesis is therefore folkloristic music, especially so-called Oberkrain music, which has garnered attention in Slovenia and German speaking countries after World War II. The songs of the ensemble Ansambel bratov Avsenik (German: Slavko Avsenik und seine Original Oberkrainer) represent the subject of the analysis, which was conducted using Franzons concept of singability. Slovene original songs were compared to their German translations, with the subject of the analysis being the translation strategies and other ways with which translators engage when working with such texts, which factors they consider and how they explain any changes made in their translations. Since the melody plays a key role in translating singable texts, such translations can often change the texts content. The reason for these changes is however not solely related to the importance of musical modes, but to other factors, such as the target function and target culture, as well.Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüftAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2020(VLID)509631

Effects of shoot girdling and/or periodic leaf removal on inflorescence primordia initiation and development in V

Background and Aims Inflorescence primordia (IP) development starts in the buds of leaf axils approximately 12 months before flowering. Primordia initiation progresses acropetally as the shoot develops, although little is known about the timing of initiation at different node positions up the developing shoot. Girdling and/or leaf removal treatments were used to investigate the timing of development and structure of grapevine inflorescences at different positions along the shoot. Methods and Results Individual shoots were either girdled at their base shortly after fruitset or left intact. Leaves were then removed from those shoots on four occasions from the time of girdling to natural leaf fall in the autumn. Dormant latent buds from treatment shoots (shoot node positions one to ten) were grown as single-node cuttings (SNCs) in a glasshouse, and the inflorescence number per SNC and their architecture were scored on developing shoots. Girdling fully leafed shoots increased the proportion of SNC basal inflorescences with an outer arm but had no effect on the number of inflorescences per SNC. Girdled shoots that had their leaves removed at 0 or 4 weeks post-fruitset had a decrease in inflorescence number per SNC and outer arm development from nodes six and eight, respectively. Conclusions Inflorescence initiation before node positions six and eight was complete by the time girdling and leaf removal treatments were applied, and initiation at nodes six and eight occurred at 0 and 4 weeks post-fruitset. The development of the apical IP and the outer arm of the basal IP appears to occur at the same time. Significance of the Study This study presents novel information regarding the timing of IP initiation at different positions along the developing shoot, including the initiation and development of the outer arm. Also, the formation of an outer arm is shown to be sensitive to girdling and/or leaf removal