Antropomorfní plastika kultury s lineární keramikou z Brodku u Prostějova (okr. Prostějov)

Článek se věnuje nálezu antropomorfní plastiky kultury s lineární keramikou z Brodku u Prostějova. Autorka se pokouší o srovnání tohoto nálezu s antroporfními plastikami kultury s lineární keramikou ve střední Evropě a předkládá úvod k významu plastik v duchovní kultuře neolitu.The article attends to the find of LBK anthropomorphic sculpture from Brodek u Prostějova. Author try to compare this find with other anthropomorphic sculptures in the Central Europe and submit the introduction to meaning of sculptures in neolithic spiritual culture

Ceramics from the ‘Sutny’ LBK settlement at Těšetice-Kyjovice, Moravia, Czech Republic : processing and statistical analyses

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the use of multivariate analysis of ceramics to verify the chronology of the 'Sutny' Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) settlement at Těšetice-Kyjovice, in the Znojmo district of Moravia, Czech Republic. In this article we present the results obtained from the ceramics that have been processed to date. Based on this analysis we dated the settlement to approximately the Ib-IIa phase of the Moravian LBK. A new method for processing Moravian LBK ceramics is suggested, along with a proposed descriptive system, as a formalized description is very important to subsequent statistical evaluation. We introduce several statistical analyses suitable for the evaluation of ceramic assemblages and demonstrate the application of other methods of analysis and possible alternatives for archaeological data visualization. For this purpose we used the 'R' open statistical software package. We hope that this article will contribute to the development of a unified method of processing Moravian LBK ceramics, demonstrate new possibilities for evaluating archaeological data, and simplify its interpretation

Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making:impacts on milk availability and cheese-making

Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is a major asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonal breeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors of cattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding, but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and the extent to which early farming communities controlled the seasonality of reproduction is debated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practices of ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar and determining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct the calving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle tooth enamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) in the Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calving prevailed in Europe between the 6th and 4th millennia cal BC. These results suggest that cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained by environmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milk availability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into a storable product.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Peter M. M. G. Akkermans - Glenn M. Schwartz: The Archaeology of Syria. From Complex Hunter-Gartherers to early Urban Societies (ca. 16000-300BC).

Recenze představuje publikaci P. Akkermanse a G. Schwartze, ve které souhrnně přibližují archeologii Sýrie od paleolitu po rok 300BC. Mimo chronologický přehled v daných obdobích se autoři blíže věnují neolitizaci a vzniku urbánních společností.The review represents a study by P. Akkermans a G. Schwartz where totaly converge the archeology of Syria from paleolithic to 300BC. Beyond chronologically overview in given periods authors pay attention process of neolitisation and development of urban societies

Data from: The evolution of dual meat and milk cattle husbandry in Linearbandkeramik societies

Cattle dominate archaeozoological assemblages from the north-central Europe between the sixth and fifth millennium BC and are frequently considered as exclusively used for their meat. Dairy products may have played a greater role than previously believed. Selective pressure on the lactase persistence mutation has been modelled to have begun between 6000 and 4000 years ago in central Europe. The discovery of milk lipids in late sixth millennium ceramic sieves in Poland may reflect an isolated regional peculiarity for cheese making or may signify more generalized milk exploitation in north-central Europe during the Early Neolithic. To investigate these issues, we analysed the mortality profiles based on age-at-death analysis of cattle tooth eruption, wear and replacement from 19 archaeological sites of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture (sixth to fifth millennium BC). The results indicate that cattle husbandry was similar across time and space in the LBK culture with a degree of specialization for meat exploitation in some areas. Statistical comparison with reference age-at-death profiles indicate that mixed husbandry (milk and meat) was practised, with mature animals being kept. The analysis provides a unique insight into LBK cattle husbandry and how it evolved in later cultures in central and western Europe. It also opens a new perspective on how and why the Neolithic way of life developed through continental Europe and how dairy products became a part of the human diet

Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in Western Europe

International audienceThis paper aims to define the first chrono‑cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small‑sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short‑lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe

ESM2

R_code for generation of the mortality profiles and Dirichlet simulations for correspondence analysis

ESM1: Mortality data based on dental eruption, replacement and wear stages.

Mortality data and site information for Apc-Berekalja (APC), Füzseabony-Gubakút (FUZ), Polgár-Piócási-dűlő (PPIO), Polgár-Ferenci-hát (PFER), Polgár-Csőszhalom-dűlő (PCSO), Tĕšetice-Kyjovice (TES), Hostivice-Sadová (HOS), Chotěbudice phase IIa (CHO1), Chotěbudice phase IIb (CHO2), Chotěbudice phase IIc-IIIa (CHO3), Chotěbudice phase IIIa-IIIb (CHO4), Černý Vůl (CER), Ludwinowo phase IIb (LUD1), Ludwinowo III (LUD2), Mold (MOLD), Eilsleben (EIL), Stephansposching (STE), Dillingen-Steinheim (WIK), Rosheim (ROS), Bischoffsheim (BIS1, 2, 3, 4), Herxheim-settlement (HEXs), Herxheim-ditch (HEXd), Etigny (ETI) and Balloy (BAL). Mortality data for the four production models (post-lactation and intensive milk, and meat) based on the archaeological sites: Bercy, Popină-Borduşani, Grimes Graves and La Montagne

ESM: Mortality profiles from sites

Supplementary figures: Mortality profiles from Apc-Berekalja, Füzseabony-Gubakút, Polgár-Piócási-dűlő, Polgár-Ferenci-hát, Polgár-Csőszhalom-dűlő (Hungary), Hostivice-Sadová, Chotěbudice, Černý Vůl, Tĕšetice-Kyjovice( Czech republic), Ludwinowo (Poland), Mold, Elisleben, Stephansposching, Dillingen-Steinheim, Herxheim (Germany), Rosheim, Balloy and Bischoffsheim (France)