Diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una red de área local (LAN) en GA-Autotrim

[ES] En el ámbito de las redes presentes en multitud de Pequeñas Y Medianas Empresas, existen comúnmente multitud de vulnerabilidades en su arquitectura que las vuelve sumamente propensas a recibir ataques. El objetivo principal de este trabajo pretende aprovechar parte de la arquitectura de red presente en la empresa Grupo AntolínAutotrim S.A.U para transformarla y ampliarla, haciendo uso de diferentes elementos, técnicas y tecnologías en pos de incrementar notablemente la seguridad de la red y proteger los activos de la empresa. Para poder llevar a cabo el proyecto, se ha realizado primeramente un análisis de riesgos de los activos presentes en la red actual de la empresa para determinar cuáles son las vulnerabilidades principales y los riesgos más propensos a los que están expuestos. Los resultados de este análisis han servido para poder establecer una arquitectura que solvente las vulnerabilidades y proteja los activos de los riesgos destacados mediante el uso de una serie de elementos de seguridad debidamente configurados y de una arquitectura adecuada. La arquitectura de la red propuesta, junto con la configuración de los diferentes elementos incluidos, ha sido probada en un entorno virtual donde se han realizado una serie de pruebas que demuestran la mejora que se consigue en el ámbito de la seguridad en comparación con la arquitectura actual. Los resultados de las pruebas realizadas sobre la arquitectura propuesta permiten concluir que es posible mejorar de forma notable la seguridad de la red de la empresa G.A-Autotrim en función de los riesgos a los que está expuesta haciendo uso de una arquitectura segura y de un conjunto de elementos y técnicas que aprovechan en parte la arquitectura actual con una inversión asumible por parte de la empresa.[CA] En l'àmbit de les xarxes presents en multitud de Petites i mitjanes empreses, existeixen comunament multitud de vulnerabilitats en la seua arquitectura que les torna summament propenses a rebre atacs. L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball pretén aprofitar part de l'arquitectura de la xarxa present en l'empresa Grupo Antolín-Autotrim S.A.U per a transformar-la i ampliar-la, fent ús de diferents elements, tècniques i tecnologies per tal d'incrementar notablement la seguretat de la xarxa i protegir els actius de l'empresa. Per a poder dur a terme el projecte, s'ha realitzat primerament una anàlisi de riscos dels actius presents en la xarxa actual de l'empresa per a determinar quines són les vulnerabilitats principals i els riscos més propensos als quals estan exposats. Els resultats d'aquest anàlisi han servit per a poder establir una arquitectura que solvent les vulnerabilitats i protegisca els actius dels riscos destacats mitjançant l'ús d'una sèrie d'elements de seguretat degudament configurats i d'una arquitectura adequada. L'arquitectura de la xarxa proposada, juntament amb la configuració dels diferents elements inclosos, ha sigut provada en un entorn virtual on s'han realitzat una sèrie de proves que demostren la millora que s'aconsegueix en l'àmbit de la seguretat en comparació amb l'arquitectura actual. Els resultats de les proves realitzades sobre l'arquitectura proposada permeten concloure que és possible millorar de forma notable la seguretat de la xarxa de l'empresa G.A-Autotrim en funció dels riscos als quals està exposada fent ús d'una arquitectura segura i d'un conjunt d'elements i tècniques que aprofiten en part l'arquitectura actual amb una inversió assumible per part de l'empresa.[EN] In the scope of the networks present in most Small and Medium Enterprises, there is commonly a multitude of vulnerabilities in their architecture which makes them extremely prone to suffer from attacks. The main objective of this work is to take advantage of part of the network architecture present in the company Grupo AntolínAutotrim S.A.U to transform and expand it, making use of different elements, techniques and technologies in pursuit of a significant increase in the security of the network, and to protect the assets of the company. In order to be able to carry out the project, a risk analysis of the assets present in the company's current network was first carried out to determine which are the main vulnerabilities and the most common risks to which they are exposed. The results of this analysis have served to define an architecture that solves the vulnerabilities and protects the assets from the outstanding risks through the use of a series of properly configured security elements and an adequate architecture. The proposed network architecture, together with the configuration of the different elements included, has been tested in a virtual environment where a series of tests have been carried out to evidence the security improvements achieved in comparison with the current architecture. The results of the tests carried out on the proposed architecture allow us to conclude that it is possible to significantly improve the security of the G.A-Autotrim company's network depending on the risks to which it is exposed, making use of a secure architecture and a set of elements and techniques that take advantage in part of the current architecture with an investment that can be assumed by the company.Vivas Alegre, R. (2019). Diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una red de área local (LAN) en GA-Autotrim. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/125775TFG

Preparation of inocula for experimental infection of blood with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Las infecciones experimentales de cualquiera de las células requieren la preparación de buena calidad inóculos. Desafortunadamente, el patógeno pulmonar Streptococcus pneumoniae es un microorganismo que sufre un proceso de autolisis cuando se cultiva in vitro. La suplementación de caldo de Todd-Hewitt con un tampón biológico (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH = 7.8) promueve un retraso de seis horas en el comienzo del proceso de autólisis. Hay mejoras cuando hay lavado de bacterias antes de la congelación, evitando manipulaciones después dedescongelación, y el uso de glicerol ( 70% de la bacterias congeladas era viable después de 28 semanas a -80 ° C, y las alícuotas fueron altamente homogéneo. Hemos probado su utilidad en un modelo de infección de la sangre entera y tienen encontró que el plasma humano exhibe una actividad microbicida superior a la sangre entera, una resultado de que no hemos encontrado informado anteriorment

A preliminary microbiological assessment of process hygiene of traditional outdoor camel slaughter in Sahrawi refugee camps.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hygiene performance of a camel (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtering process as carried out with the traditional method in the Sahrawi refugee camps located in southwestern Algeria. The camel slaughtering process in this region differs significantly from that carried out in commercial abattoirs. Slaughtering is performed outdoors in desert areas, and dehiding of the carcass is approached via the dorsoventral route rather than the classic ventrodorsal route. Samples were taken from 10 camel carcasses from three different areas: the hide, the carcass meat immediately after dehiding, and the meat after final cutting. Enterobacteriaceae counts (EC) were enumerated employing conventional laboratory techniques. Carcass meat samples resulted in EC below the detection limit more frequently if the hide samples from the same carcass had also EC counts below the detection limit. Because of the low number of trials, the calculation of statistical significance of the results was not possible. Further experimental research is needed in order to validate the results presented in this study. The comparison of the microbiological hygiene performance between dorsal dehiding and traditional ventral dehiding of slaughtered animals could serve to validate the hypothesis of the potential positive impact of the dorsal dehiding method in carcass meat hygiene

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals).

A risk ranking process identified Salmonella spp. and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as current high-priority biological hazards for meat inspection of bovine animals. As these hazards are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system for the farm-to-chilled carcass continuum using a risk-based approach was proposed. Key elements of the system are risk-categorisation of slaughter animals for high-priority biological hazards based on improved food chain information, as well as risk-categorisation of slaughterhouses according to their capability to control those hazards. Omission of palpation and incision during post-mortem inspection for animals subjected to routine slaughter may decrease spreading and cross-contamination with the high-priority biological hazards. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern; all other substances were ranked as of medium or lower concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account the completeness and quality of the food chain information supplied and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated to include new hazards. Control programmes across the food chain, national residue control programmes, feed control and monitoring of environmental contaminants should be better integrated. Meat inspection is a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. Omission of palpation and incision would reduce detection effectiveness for bovine tuberculosis and would have a negative impact on the overall surveillance system especially in officially tuberculosis free countries. The detection effectiveness for bovine cysticercosis, already low with the current meat inspection system, would result in a further decrease, if palpation and incision are removed. Extended use of food chain information could compensate for some, but not all, the information on animal health and welfare lost if only visual post-mortem inspection is applied

Estimating the Public Health Impact of Setting Targets at the European Level for the Reduction of Zoonotic Salmonella in Certain Poultry Populations

In the European Union (EU), targets are being set for the reduction of certain zoonotic Salmonella serovars in different animal populations, including poultry populations, within the framework of Regulation (EC) No. 2160/2003 on the control of zoonoses. For a three-year transitional period, the EU targets were to cover only Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium (and in addition S. Hadar, S. Infantis and S. Virchow for breeding flocks of Gallus gallus). Before the end of that transitional period, the revision of the EU targets was to be considered, including the potentially addition of other serovars with public health significance to the permanent EU targets. This review article aims at providing an overview of the assessments carried out by the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards of the European Food Safety Authority in the field of setting targets for Salmonella in poultry populations (breeding flocks of Gallus gallus, laying flocks of Gallus gallus, broiler flocks of Gallus gallus and flocks of breeding and fattening turkeys) and their impact in subsequent changes in EU legislation

Refractory iron-deficiency anemia and gluten intolerance: Response to gluten-free diet Anemia ferropénica refractaria e intolerancia al gluten: respuesta a la dieta sin gluten

Introduction: refractory iron-deficiency anemia has a multifactorial origin related to various gastrointestinal conditions, with celiac disease plus malabsorption and IBD together with isolated gluten intolerance being most common. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of serum, genetic, and histological markers for gluten intolerance, and to analyze the response to gluten withdrawal from the diet in these patients. Methods: a number of patients with refractory anemia were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. A protocol to measure serum (TGt-2), genetic (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), and histological markers for celiac disease was applied. All followed a gluten-free diet for a median 3.6 years. Sustained remission of anemia during follow-up was interpreted as positive response. Results: ninety-eight patients (84% females) with a mean age of 54 years were studied. Anti-TGt2 antibodies were positive in 5% of cases. A total of 67 cases (68%) were haplotype HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 (+). We found villous atrophy (Marsh III) in 13% of patients, and an inflammatory pattern (Marsh I or II) in 13%. All remaining 72 patients (74%) had no histological duodenal changes. Age, anemia duration, number of transfusions, number of parenteral iron doses, and time on a gluten-free diet were all compared according to the presence or absence of villous atrophy and HLA-DQ2/8 positivity, and no significant differences were found for any of the analyzed variables. Response was positive in 92% of subjects. Conclusions: celiac disease with villous atrophy is rarely a cause of refractory anemia. Gluten intolerance with no histological lesions is seen in almost 75% of patients, and therefore plays a relevant role in its development.<br>Introducción: la anemia ferropénica refractaria presenta un origen multifactorial, relacionado con diversas enfermedades digestivas, siendo las más frecuentes la enfermedad celiaca con malabsorción y la EII junto con la intolerancia al gluten aislada. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos, genéticos e histológicos de intolerancia al gluten y analizar la respuesta a la retirada del gluten de la dieta en estos pacientes. Métodos: se incluyeron de forma prospectiva y consecutiva una serie de pacientes con anemia refractaria. Se les aplicó un protocolo consistente en determinación marcadores serológicos (TGt-2), genéticos (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) e histológicos de enfermedad celíaca. Todos siguieron una dieta sin gluten durante una mediana de 3,6 años. Se interpretó como respuesta positiva la desaparición mantenida de la anemia durante el seguimiento. Resultados: se estudiaron 98 pacientes (84% mujeres) con una edad media de 54 años. Los ac. anti-TGt2 fueron positivos en el 5% de los casos. Un total de 67 casos (68%) presentaban el haplotipo HLA-DQ2 o DQ8 (+). Encontramos atrofia vellositaria (Marsh III) en el 13% de los casos y patrón inflamatorio (Marsh I o II) en el 13%. Los 72 casos restantes (74%) no presentaban alteraciones histológicas duodenales. Se compararon la edad, el tiempo de evolución de la anemia, número de transfusiones, número de dosis de hierro parenteral y tiempo en dieta sin gluten, en función de la presencia o no de atrofia vellositaria y de la positividad para el HLA-DQ2/8, sin encontrar diferencias significativas en ninguna de las variables analizadas. La respuesta fue positiva en el 92% de los casos. Conclusiones: la enfermedad celiaca con atrofia vellositaria es causa poco frecuente de anemia refractaria. Las formas de intolerancia al gluten sin lesión histológica asociada, representan cerca del 75% de los casos y desempeñan, por lo tanto, un papel importante en su aparición