MODELO DE PLANO DE VISITA DOMICILIARIA

The authors propose a model of an operational and dynamic plan for home visit taking into account the wide-ranging way in which the subject should be taught. This paper also provides a detailed guide with the necessary information for the adequate use of such plan. The use of the plan does not exclude the relevance of previous knowledge about the home visit methodology and particularly of the way of relationship between nurse and family.As autoras propõem um modelo de plano de visita domiciliaria operacional e dinámico, levando em consideração a necessidade de ensinar o assunto de forma abrangente. O modelo proposto é acompanhado de um guia com as informações necessárias para seu uso adequado. O seu uso, contudo, não exclui a importância da discussão prévia sobre a metodologia da visita domiciliária e particularmente sobre a forma de relacionamento enfermeiro-família

UM MODELO DE HISTÓRICO E PLANO DE ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM À FAMILIA

Report on the use of a model nursing family assistance history and care plan, presented by teachers and students from a nursing school.Relatório sobre o uso de um modelo de histórico e de plano de assistência de enfermagem à família, realizado por docentes e alunos de uma escola de enfermagem

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Specialization course for occupational health nursing: evaluation and proposal of curricular restructuring

O atual Curr(culo M(nimo do Curso de Especialização para Enfermeiros do Trabalho - CEET, está em vigor desde 1978, sendo seu conteúdo estabelecido pela Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - FUNDACENTRO. Desde essa época o currículo não foi alterado e se acumulam nos CEETs as insatisfações e preocupações quanto a real adequação da formação às necessidades da prática profissional e da assistência à saúde dos trabalhadores. Diante disso, decidiu-se desenvolver uma pesquisa com a finalidade de avaliar o currículo vigente e de propor alterações curriculares. Esta pesquisa foi realizada entre as categorias diretamente envolvidas no ensino e na assistência de enfermagem do trabalho, a saber: coordenadores, professores e alunos de tris CEETs do Brasil, e enfermeiros do trabalho do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 1984. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: - verificar o ajuizamento e sugestões das categorias supra referidas, sobre o CEET, tomando por base o Currículo Mínimo estabelecido pela FUNDACENTRO para esse Curso, avaliando-o nos aspectos relativos a: filosofia e objetivos, organização curricular, processo ensino-aprendizagem e organização administrativa; - elaborar uma proposta de reestruturação curricular para o CEET, com base na análise crítica dos dados coletados. A coleta de dados se desenvolveu por meio de questionários, onde os participantes expressaram o ajuizamento e sugestões de modificações do currículo em questão. A análise crítica desses dados foi fundamentada em experiências curriculares que estão sendo desenvolvidas em outros países, e na experiência pessoal da autora no desenvolvimento de currículos para diferentes níveis de ensino de enfermagem. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que inexistem no currículo do CEET, a adoção explícita de uma linha filosófica norteadora, e a definição de objetivos para o Curso, sendo tais aspectos considerados necessários por todas as categorias pesquisadas. No que diz respeito a organizaçio curricular, ficou evidenciada a inadequaçio do elenco de disciplinas que compõem o currículo. A carga horária foi considerada insuficiente, e mal distribuída em termos teórico-práticos. O conteúdo curricular foi considerado repetitivo em algumas disciplinas e com falhas em outras; o estágio prático previsto, apresentou-se qualitativa e quantitativamente insuficiente. Foram propostas pelos participantes, diversas alterações nessa organizaçio curricular. Com relação ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, ficou demonstrado que: não existe qualquer definição do modo de condução desse processo nos cursos pesquisados: os métodos de ensino e avaliação adotados nem sempre facilitaram ou avaliaram totalmente a aprendizagem dos alunos; os enfermeiros de campo julgaram que os cursos frequentados supriram parcialmente as necessidades requeridas na prática profissional, sendo que muitos consideraram insuficiente o ensino prático que tiveram em seus cursos. Quanto à organização administrativa dos CEETs, sentiu-se necessidade de se estabelecer requisitos prévios para matrícula dos alunos; a maioria dos pesquisados aponta o profissional enfermeiro do trabalho como aquele que deve assumir a coordenação do CEET, devendo ele ter experiência na área de administração de ensino e prática de campo na área de enfermagem do trabalho. Frente a estes resultados, sentiu-se então necessidade de uma ampla e profunda reestruturação curricular, sendo elaborada uma nova proposta curricular para o CEET. Essa proposta foi sub-dividida em: marco conceitual, onde foram definidas as linhas norteadoras do currículo; marco metodológico, em que se assentaram as diretrizes condutoras do processo ensino-aprendizagem; marco estrutural, onde foram estabelecidas as áreas de ensino, bem como o elenco e o conteúdo das disciplinas e a distribuição horária teórico-prática. Antes da implantação desta proposta curricular, ela deverá ser validada pelas categorias diretamente envolvidas no ensino e na assistência de enfermagem do trabalho, e ao mesmo tempo, os professores e coordenadores dos CEETs deverão ter acesso a cursos específicos que os capacitem a conduzir o trabalho dentro da nova filosofia curricular.In 1978 a curriculum for the Specialization Course on Occupational Health for Nurses was established by FUNDACENTRO - Fundaço Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho and has not been changed since then. Throughout the years, it became clear that the present curriculum does not cover adequately all aspects of protection of worker\'s health and, therefore, it was thought advisable to carry out a research aimimg the evaluation of the present curriculuru and its eventual changes. To carry out such research, a questionnaire was answered by all categories of people directly involved with the ministration of such courses: coordinators, teachers and students of three Brazil ian CEET; besides, occupational health nurses of the state of São Paulo also answered a questionnaire. The main objectives of this studw were to verify how the present curriculum was judged by the people involved from the point of view of its: philosophy and objectives; curricular organization; teaching-learning process and administrative organization. The final objective was to propose a curricular restructuration of the courses based on the critical analysis of the points above outlined. Data collection was dane through the use of special questionnaires, different for each group of people, who expressed their opinion on the present curriculum and presented suggestions as to its modification. On the basis of similar courses existing in developed countries, and also on the basis of the author´s experience, an analysis was carried out and it was possible to demonstrated that presently inexists either a philosophic guideline or a definition of objectives, these two points being considerer as essential by all categories of people who participated of this study. Concerning the curricular organization, it became evident the inadequacy of the curricular contents of each discipline which composes the whole curriculum. The number of hours of teaching was considered as insufficient and not well distributed among theoretical and practical teaching. The curricular content was considered repetitive in some disciplines and insufficient in others. In the whole, it was considered that the curriculum is not adequate both in quantity and in quality and several changes were proposed. As to the teaching-learning process, it was evident that there is no definition regarding the way of conducting it. The adopted teaching techniques and methods of evaluation of the students\' learning results, were not considered as satisfactory. The already practicing occupational health nurses informed that the courses attended have only partially supplied the needed knowledge needed for professional practice and many others considered as insufficient the practical learning they had in their courses. Concerning the administrative organization of the courses, it was considered as very important to establish previous requirements for the selection of students. The majority of the people consulted considered that the courses\' coordinators must be occupational health nurses having a good experience in the field of teaching administration and also a very good practice in the occupational health nursing field. Due to these results, it was felt that there is an urgent need of a wide and deep curricular re-structuration and, a new curriculum for the courses is proposed. The proposed curriculum was sub-divided in conceptual framework, in which the curriculum guidelines were defined; methodological framework, in which were founded the directives te conduct the teaching-learning process; structural framework, where were established the areas of teaching, as well as the set and content of disciplines, and the theoretical-practical classes distribution. Before this curricular proposal is implemented, it shall be validated by the categories directly involved with occupational health nursing teaching and assistance, and, at the same time, the teachers and coordinators of the CEET\'s shall have access to specific courses with capacitale them to conduct the work within the new curricular philosophy

Organization of nursing services at work

Este trabalho teve por objetivo, estabelecer uma metodologia básica para organização de serviços de enfermagem do trabalho, com a elaboração de modelos operacionais, visando fornecer subsídios aos enfermeiros do trabalho que irão organizar tais serviços. Para estabelecer tal metodologia, o autor se baseou em um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o assunto e em sua experiência pessoal. Essa metodologia, que é fundamentada no processo de enfermagem aplicado à enfermagem do trabalho, consta basicamente, das seguintes etapas: levantamento e análise das características da comunidade onde a empresa está situada; levantamento e análise das características da empresa; estruturação do serviço e elaboração dos programas de enfermagem.This work had for objetive establishing a basic methodology to organize the occupational health nursing services, with the elaboration of operational modela, in order to furnish subsidies for occupational health nurses who will organize these services. To establish this methodology, the author based on the bibliography survey regarding the theme and in her personal experience. This methodology is based in nursing process applied to occupational health nursing and consists, basically, in the following steps: survey and analysis on the community characteristics where the industry is located; survey and analysis about the industry characteristics; structuration and elaboration of the nursing programs

Organization of nursing services at work

Este trabalho teve por objetivo, estabelecer uma metodologia básica para organização de serviços de enfermagem do trabalho, com a elaboração de modelos operacionais, visando fornecer subsídios aos enfermeiros do trabalho que irão organizar tais serviços. Para estabelecer tal metodologia, o autor se baseou em um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o assunto e em sua experiência pessoal. Essa metodologia, que é fundamentada no processo de enfermagem aplicado à enfermagem do trabalho, consta basicamente, das seguintes etapas: levantamento e análise das características da comunidade onde a empresa está situada; levantamento e análise das características da empresa; estruturação do serviço e elaboração dos programas de enfermagem.This work had for objetive establishing a basic methodology to organize the occupational health nursing services, with the elaboration of operational modela, in order to furnish subsidies for occupational health nurses who will organize these services. To establish this methodology, the author based on the bibliography survey regarding the theme and in her personal experience. This methodology is based in nursing process applied to occupational health nursing and consists, basically, in the following steps: survey and analysis on the community characteristics where the industry is located; survey and analysis about the industry characteristics; structuration and elaboration of the nursing programs