MACROALGAS ADERIDAS EM RIZÓFOROS DE Rizophora mangle L. EM BOA VIAGEM-SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR-MARANHÃO

Esta abordagem teve como objetivo analisar as comunidades de macroalgas aderidas em rizóforos de Rizophora mangle L. na praia de Boa Viagem, São José de Ribamar-Maranhão como parâmetro para compreender melhor os diferentes níveis de variação observados no “Bostrychietum” de diferentes áreas de manguezal nas duas baías que compõem o Golfão Maranhense. Foram traçados 12 transectos de linha de novembro de 2018 a maio de 2019. Foram analisados 108 rizóforos englobados pelos transectos ao longo das coletas. Foram registrados os valores de O2 dissolvido, temperatura da água, pH e salinidade, bem como foram considerados os valores de precipitação disponibilizados por órgão oficial. 17 taxa infragenéricos (06 Chlorophyta e 11 Rhodophyta) foram identificados. Observou-se um crescimento tanto na biomassa total quanto na biomassa das espécies ao longo das coletas. Não foi observado nenhum padrão determinante de distribuição vertical das macroalgas. Os valores de precipitação apresentaram uma correlação positiva com os valores de biomassa algácea total.  ABSTRACTThis survey aimed to assess macroalgae community attached to rhizophores of Rizophora. mangle L. in Boa Viagem beach, São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, as a parameter to a better understand of the diff erent levels of variation observed inside “Bostrychietum” from diff erent areas of mangroves in the two bays that integrate Golfão Maranhense. 12 line transects were performed from november/2018 to may/2019. 108 rhizophores selected randomly along the transects were analised. Values of dissolved O๗, water temperature, pH and salinity were registered as well as precipitation levels, provided by offi cial department, were also considered. 17 infrageneric taxa were identifi ed (06 Chlorophyta and 11 Rhodophyta). It has been observed an increase in total biomass, as well as individual biomass species along the time of sampling. Vertical distribution pattern were not observed. Precipitation levels correlated positively to total macroalgae biomass.Keywords: Algae; Mangrove; “Bostrychietum”

Confiabilidade intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores para as medidas de dobra cutânea em homens universitários

A proposta do presente estudo foi comparar a confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliadores das medidas das três dobras cutânea peitoral (DCP), abdômen (DCA) e coxa (DCC) em homens universitários. Tratou-se de uma amostra de 17 homens (18 a 41 anos) e praticante de atividade física. Todos os voluntários passaram por uma avaliação antropométrica e tomada das medidas das três dobras cutâneas por um único avaliador para estudar a confiabilidade intra-avaliador através da Anova por medidas repetitivas e o post hoc Bonferroni e por outro avaliador para estudar a confiabilidade inter-avaliadores pelo valor da média das três medidas para cada dobra cutânea pela análise de variância Anova one-way e o teste Post Hoc Tukey. Utilizou-se   = 0,05. Os resultados dos valores por  das dobras cutâneas obtida para um mesmo avaliador em três tentativas em DCP (12,0±1,7 mm, 12,0±1,6 mm e 11,9±1,6 mm), DCA (21,7±2,5 mm; 20,4±2,5 mm e 20,3±2,4 mm)  e DCC (15,0 ± 1,6 mm, 15,4 ± 1,7 mme 14,7±1,5 mm), não demostrando diferença significativa em todas as dobras cutâneas. Ao comparar os resultados diferença média entre os avaliadores de 1,2 mm, 1,4 mm e 0,4 mm, respectivamente, para DCP, DCA e DCC, não demonstrando diferenças significativas. Ao comparar os resultados das medidas das dobras cutâneas na avaliação intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores pode observar alta correlação (r = 0,91-0,99, p < 0,01) para todas as dobras cutâneas. Conclui-se que os resultados do presente estudo mostraram uma confiabilidade intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores nas medidas de dobras cutâneas em homens universitários. ABSTRACT Intra and inter-rater reliability of skin fold measurements in university menThe purpose of the present study was to compare the intra and inter-rater reliability of skin fold thickness pectoral (STP), abdomen (STA) and thigh (STT) in university men. It was a sample of 17 men (18 until 41 years old) and physically active. All volunteers were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation and measurement of the three skin folds by a same evaluator to study the intra-rater reliability through Anova by repetitive measures and Bonferroni pos hoc test and the intra-rater reliability based in the value of the mean of the three measures for each skin fold by Anova one-way and the Tukey post hoc test. All tests assumed   = 0.05. The results of the skin fold values obtained for the same evaluator in three attempts in STP (12.0 ± 1.7 mm, 12.0 ± 1.6 mm and 11.9 ± 1.6 mm), STA (21 , 7 ± 2.5 mm, 20.4 ± 2.5 mm and 20.3 ± 2.4 mm) and STT (15.0 ± 1.6 mm, 15.4 ± 1.7 mm and 14.7 ± 1.5 mm), showing no significant difference in all skin folds. When comparing the results mean difference between the evaluators of 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively, for STP, STA and STT, no showing significant difference. In conclusion, the results in the comparison of skin fold measurements in the intra-rater and inter-rater evaluation, a high correlation (r = 0.91-0.99, p <0.01) could be observed for all skin folds. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed a good intra-rater reliability and inter-rater in the measurements of skin folds in university men

Glial contribution to excitatory and inhibitory synapse loss in neurodegeneration

Synapse loss is an early feature shared by many neurodegenerative diseases, and it represents the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Recent studies reveal that microglia and astrocytes play a major role in synapse elimination, contributing to network dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Excitatory and inhibitory activity can be affected by glia-mediated synapse loss, resulting in imbalanced synaptic transmission and subsequent synaptic dysfunction. Here, we review the recent literature on the contribution of glia to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, in the context of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological synapse loss will be instrumental to design targeted therapeutic interventions, taking in account the emerging roles of microglia and astrocytes in synapse remodeling

Maternal outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 severity among pregnant women.

Pregnant women may be at higher risk of severe complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to obstetrical complications. We performed a case control study comparing pregnant women with severe coronavirus disease 19 (cases) to pregnant women with a milder form (controls) enrolled in the COVI-Preg international registry cohort between March 24 and July 26, 2020. Risk factors for severity, obstetrical and immediate neonatal outcomes were assessed. A total of 926 pregnant women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were included, among which 92 (9.9%) presented with severe COVID-19 disease. Risk factors for severe maternal outcomes were pulmonary comorbidities [aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.9-9.5], hypertensive disorders [aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.0] and diabetes [aOR2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.5]. Pregnant women with severe maternal outcomes were at higher risk of caesarean section [70.7% (n = 53/75)], preterm delivery [62.7% (n = 32/51)] and newborns requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [41.3% (n = 31/75)]. In this study, several risk factors for developing severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women were identified including pulmonary comorbidities, hypertensive disorders and diabetes. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced by the severity of maternal disease

The number of tree species on Earth

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global groundsourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are 73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier