A Acção do GTL no Centro Histórico de Guimarães

Num momento em que novos programas e normas de incentivo à regeneração de áreas urbanas antigas são apresentados e discutidos, impõe-se uma reflexão crítica sobre as metodologias a adoptar no futuro próximo. O estudo apresentado nasce da vontade de querer descobrir mais sobre a prática de intervenção em património urbano e assim contribuir para a discussão de um dos temas preferidos e mais antigos da arquitectura - "...o da realização de obras novas junto de obras de valor construídas pelo passado ou em que o passado construiu"1 O Centro Histórico de Guimarães é actualmente considerado como um caso de sucesso de reabilitação urbana e o seu GTL referenciado pelas suas "boas práticas" de intervenção no património. O valor cultural que lhe é autenticado, Património Cultural da Humanidade, e o modelo de gestão de conservação integrada que lhe é reconhecido contribuem para que se procure extrair deste processo metodologias e práticas passíveis de extrapolação para outros contextos. Partindo da compreensão do Centro Histórico de Guimarães enquanto conjunto urbano analisam-se as actuações que conduziram à sua transformação. Através da análise do percurso do GTL, ponderando os seus princípios e actuações, esclarece-se que meios permitiram a actividade e a regeneração desta área urbana. Enumeram-se as actuações, destacando as mais simbólicas para a definição de estratégias e as que mais contribuíram para a alteração da imagem da cidade desde o início dos anos 80 até à actualidade. A análise do que foi efectuado (no espaço público, nos edifícios públicos e nos edifícios privados) visa apoiar a discussão dos resultados alcançados em dados concretos e quantificáveis. A actividade do GTL enquanto agente regulador e executor de intervenções é apreciada mais detalhadamente através do estudo de oito intervenções em edificado corrente. O destaque conferido a esta tipologia de construção resulta, por um lado, da sua predominância nos núcleos urbanos e, por outro lado, das dificuldades encontradas na sua adaptação a novas funções e às exigências de conforto contemporâneas. A selecção recaiu em edifícios paradigmáticos no processo de reabilitação. Examinam-se as condicionantes, as opções e técnicas construtivas e as atitudes de projecto. Ponderam-se as respostas aos novos programas, aos critérios estabelecidos pelo GTL e aos critérios de conforto de cada época.In a moment which new programs and norms of incentive for the regeneration of ancient urban areas are presented, a reflection about methodologies to adopt in a brief future is imposed. The present study has born from the will to find out more about the practice of intervention on urban heritage and that way contribute to one of the favorites and oldest subjects in architecture discussion - "...the realization of new constructions next to workmanships of value constructed by the past or where the past has constructed" 2 The Guimarães Historical Center is currently considered as a success case of urban rehabilitation and the GTL is referred for its "good practices" of heritage intervention. The cultural value that is notarized -Cultural Heritage of Mankind and the recognized management model of integrated conservation contributes to the searching of methodologies and practices. From Guimarães Historical Center understanding as an urban set are analyzed the actions that had lead to its transformation. Through the analyses of GTL's existence, pondering principles and actions, are clarified which means allowed the activity and the regeneration of this urban area. The actions are enumerated, putting on evidence the more symbolic ones for the strategies definitions and/or the ones that more contributed to the city image change from the early 80's till the actuality. The analysis of what has been done (at the public space, at the public buildings and at the private buildings) aims to support the discussion of achieved results in concrete and quantified data. The GTL activity, while regulating agent and interventions executer, is appreciated with more detail trough eight interventions on regular building study. The outstanding conferred to this typology of construction results, by one side, of its prevalence in urban nucleus and, by other side, of the difficulties founded in new functions and contemporaries comfort requirements adaptation. The selection fell into paradigmatically buildings in the rehabilitation process. Are examined the conditions, the project attitudes, the constructive options and techniques, the answers to new programs and to criteria established by the GTL, as well the criteria of comfort at each time

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora