Efeito do nível de energia da dieta no terço final da gestação no desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas de corte e sua progênie

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of cows fed on two energy levels in the last third of gestation and productive and reproductive performance of the offspring. Thirty-one multiparous pregnant British cows, carrying a female foetus, were assigned on Day -90 (Day 0=calving) to two levels of energy intake until parturition: i- 125 % of the requirements (ALTO; n=15) and ii- 75 % of the requirements (BAJO; n=16). After calving, mothers and calves (F1) remained together until weaning and all of the heifers were artificial inseminated at two years old. In the cows, live weight (PV), body condition (CC), the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE), milk production and diagnosis of ovarian activity (DAO) were recorded. In the offspring (F1) the following parameters were analysed: in calves PV, GD and metabolic hormones, in heifers PV, CC and DAO and in their offspring (F2) PV and GD. The feeding treatments of cows affected the CC in the lactation period (4.2±0.04 for ALTO and 3.9±0.05 for BAJO, P˂0.05), the AGNE concentrations from calving to weaning (0.46±0.02 mmol/L for ALTO vs 0.37±0.02 mmol/L for BAJO, P=0.05), and the calving-conception interval (102±2.6 days for ALTO and 124±2.7 days for BAJO, P˂0.05) but did not affect milk production. Treatment of cows affected the PV at weaning (201±3.7 vs 188±4.1, P<0.05) and GD at weaning (0.90±0.02 vs 0.84±0.02, P<0.05) of (F1) cows. From weaning to puberty GD and PV of (F1) was not affected by treatments. Calves variables (F2) were not affected by treatments. The BAJO cows mobilized body reserve, maintained milk production and lengthened the calving conception period. Maternal nutritional restriction had an effect on offspring variables at weaning and thereafter were diluted.El objetivo del experimento fue conocer el desempeño productivo y reproductivo de vacas alimentadas en dos niveles de energía en el último tercio de gestación y el desempeño productivo y reproductivo de la descendencia. Treinta y una vacas británicas multíparas gestando hembras, fueron asignadas el Día –90 (Día 0=parto) a dos niveles de consumo de energía hasta el parto: 125 % (ALTO; n=15) y 75 % (BAJO; n=16). Luego del nacimiento, las terneras permanecieron con sus madres hasta el destete; a los 2 años de edad fueron inseminadas. En las vacas fue analizado el peso vivo (PV), condición corporal (CC), concentración de ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), producción de leche y el diagnóstico de actividad ovárica (DAO). En terneras F1 fue analizado el PV, ganancia diaria (GD) y hormonas metabólicas hasta el destete; del destete en adelante como vaquillonas F1 el PV, GD, CC, DAO y preñez; en terneras F2 el PV y GD. El tratamiento afectó la CC en la lactancia (ALTO= 4,2±0,04 u vs BAJO=3,9±0,05 u, P˂0,05), la concentración de AGNE desde el parto al destete (ALTO=0,46±0,02 mmol/L vs BAJO=0,37±0,02 mmol/L, P=0,05) y el intervalo parto-concepción de las vacas (ALTO=102±2,6 días vs BAJO=124±2,7 días, P˂0,05), no afectó la producción de leche. El tratamiento de las vacas afectó el PV al destete (ALTO=201±3,7 kg vs BAJO=188±4,1 kg, P<0,05) y la GD al destete (ALTO=0,90±0,02 kg vs BAJO=0,84±0,02 kg, P<0,05) de las F1. Del destete a pubertad GD y PV de las F1 no fue afectado por los tratamientos. Las terneras F2 no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos. Las vacas de BAJO movilizaron reserva corporal, mantuvieron la producción de leche y alargaron el período parto-concepción. La restricción nutricional materna tuvo efecto en las variables de la descendencia F1 al destete y posteriormente se diluyeron.O objetivo neste experimento foi conhecer o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas alimentadas com dois níveis de energia no último terço da gestação e o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo da progênie. Trinta e uma vacas britânicas multíparas prenhes, carregando um feto fêmea, foram designadas no Dia -90 (Dia 0=parto) para dois níveis de ingestão de energia até o parto: i- 125% das necessidades (ALTO; n=15) e ii - 75% dos requisitos (BAJO; n=16). Após o parto, mães e bezerros (F1) permaneceram juntos até o desmame e todas as novilhas foram inseminadas artificialmente aos dois anos de idade. Nas vacas, foram registrados peso vivo (PV), condição corporal (CC), concentração de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), produção de leite e diagnóstico de atividade ovariana (DAO). Na prole (F1) foram analisados ​​os seguintes parâmetros: em bezerros PV, GD e hormônios metabólicos, em novilhas PV, CC e DAO e em sua prole (F2) PV e GD. Os tratamentos de alimentação das vacas afetaram o CC no período de lactação (4,2±0,04 para ALTO e 3,9±0,05 para BAJO, P˂0,05), as concentrações de AGNE do parto ao desmame (0,46±0,02 mmol/L para ALTO vs 0,37±0,02 mmol/L para BAJO, P=0,05), e o intervalo parto-concepção (102±2,6 dias para ALTO e 124±2,7 dias para BAJO, P˂0,05), mas não afetou a produção de leite. O tratamento das vacas afetou o PV ao desmame (201±3,7 vs 188±4,1, P<0,05) e GD ao desmame (0,90±0,02 vs 0,84±0,02, P<0,05) das vacas (F1). Do desmame à puberdade, o GD e o PV de (F1) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. As variáveis ​​dos bezerros (F2) não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. As vacas BAJO mobilizaram a reserva corporal, mantiveram a produção de leite e prolongaram o período de concepção ao parto. A restrição nutricional materna teve efeito sobre as variáveis ​​da prole ao desmame e, posteriormente, foram diluídas

Los ejes fundamentales de la universidad en la formación académica de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera y de Alimentos, de la Universidad Nacional del Callao - 2018

La presente investigación “Los ejes fundamentales de la universidad en la formación académica de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera y de Alimentos, de La Universidad Nacional Del Callao - 2018”; tiene como objetivo, determinar el nivel de relación que existe entre el uso de los ejes fundamentales de la universidad y la formación académica en los estudiantes, en la: Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera y de Alimentos de la Universidad Nacional del Callao, en el periodo 2018. La investigación es de tipo aplicada, cuantitativa, por tal es descriptiva, el diseño no experimental y de corte transversal, utilizándose la técnica de la encuesta, a través del cual se recopiló la valoración manifiesta por medio de 90 estudiantes de las Escuela Profesionales Ingeniería Pesquera y de Alimentos, distribuidos proporcionalmente a partir del quinto al Decimo ciclo; dicha encuesta, fue elaborada en base a la Escala de Calidad del Servicio en la Enseñanza Universitaria, diseñada por Joan- Lluís Capelleras y José María Veciana (2000), en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España. Luego de realizar el procedimiento de análisis e interpretación de datos de la correlación, usando el coeficiente de Spearman, a un nivel de 0.5 (p < 0.05) se concluyó: existe una correlación positiva moderada, directa y significativa entre los ejes fundamentales de la Universidad y la Formación Académica de los estudiantes, de modo que la formación académica no satisface las expectativas del estudiante; por lo tanto es necesario revertir dicho situación para mejorar las condiciones de la formación profesional y lograr una satisfacción a nuestros estudiantes.Tesi

flexsdm: An r package for supporting a comprehensive and flexible species distribution modelling workflow

Species distribution models (SDM) are widely used in diverse research areas because of their simple data requirements and application versatility. However, SDM outcomes are sensitive to data input and methodological choices. Such sensitivity and diverse applications mean that flexibility is necessary to create SDMs with tailored protocols for a given set of data and model use. We introduce the r package flexsdm for supporting flexible species distribution modelling workflows. flexsdm functions and their arguments serve as building blocks to construct a specific modelling protocol for user's needs. The main flexsdm features are modelling flexibility, integration with other modelling tools, simplicity of the objects returned and function speed. As an illustration, we used flexsdm to define a complete workflow for California red fir Abies magnifica. This package provides modelling flexibility by incorporating comprehensive tools structured in three steps: (a) The Pre-modelling functions that prepare input, for example, sampling bias correction, sampling pseudo-absences and background points, data partitioning, and reducing collinearity in predictors. (b) The Modelling functions allow fitting and evaluating different modelling approaches, including individual algorithms, tuned models, ensembles of small models and ensemble models. (c) The Post-modelling functions include tools related to models' predictions, interpolation and overprediction correction. Because flexsdm comprises a large part of the SDM process, from outlier detection to overprediction correction, flexsdm users can delineate partial or complete workflows based on the combination functions to meet specific modelling needs.Fil: Velazco, Santiago José Elías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana; BrasilFil: Rose, Miranda Brooke. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: de Andrade, André Felipe Alves. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Minoli, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Franklin, Janet. University of California; Estados Unido

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Efeito de dois níveis de energia durante o último terço da gestação de vacas de corte sobre as características da placenta e da prole ao nascimento.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate two energy intake levels during the last third of gestation of beef cows was evaluated on placental characteristics, ethological and morphometric variables of their female calves. Thirty-one British multiparous cows, inseminated at fixed time and carrying females were assigned on Day –90 (Day 0=delivery) to two levels of energy intake until delivery: i- 125% of the requirements (ALTA; n=15) and ii- 75% of the requirements (BAJA; n=16). In the cows, live weight (PV), body condition score (CC), concentration of unesterified fatty acids (AGNE) and insulin were recorded. Placenta (weight, number of cotyledons and placental efficiency) was characterized and morphometric and behavioural measures were evaluated within the first 24 hours of calf life. At calving, BAJA cows had a higher concentration of AGNE (0.45±0.03 vs 0.27±0.03 mmol/L, P&lt;0.01) and lower insulin (8.83±0.73 vs 10.88±0.71 uIU/ml, P&lt;0.03), as well as lower PV (478±15.4 vs 521±11.8 kg, P&lt;0.01) and CC (3.9±0.08 vs 4.5±0.06 u; P&lt;0.01) compared to ALTA cows. The characteristics evaluated in the placentas were not affected by treatments, nor was the PV of the calves at birth. In the same way, none of the morphometric or behavioural variables was significantly affected by the treatments. In the present experiment, the undernourished cows mobilized body reserve during the last third of gestation to protect the integrity of their offspring, verified by the absence of differences in the parameters evaluated. Possibly, cows grazing native pastures develop mechanisms of accumulation and mobilization of body reserves that allow them, at least for the conditions of the present study, to overcome periods of forage shortage as an adaptation strategy.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar dos niveles de energía en la dieta de vacas para carne durante el último tercio de gestación, sobre características de la placenta, variables etológicas y morfométricas de sus hijas. Treinta y una vacas británicas multíparas, inseminadas a tiempo fijo y gestando hembras fueron asignadas el Día –90 (Día 0=parto) a dos niveles de consumo de energía relativo a los requerimientos de mantenimiento hasta el parto: i- 125% (ALTO; n=15) y ii- 75% (BAJO; n=16). En las vacas se registró peso vivo (PV), condición corporal (CC), concentración de ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE) e insulina. Se caracterizaron las placentas (peso, numero de cotiledones y eficiencia placentaria) y se evaluaron medidas morfométricas y comportamentales de las terneras en sus primeras 24 horas de vida. Al parto, las vacas de BAJO presentaron mayor concentración de AGNE (0,45±0,03 vs 0,27±0,03 mmol/L, P&lt;0,01) y menor de insulina (8,83±0,73 vs 10,88±0,71 uIU/ml, P&lt;0,03), así como menor PV (478±15,4 vs 521±11,8 kg, P&lt;0,01) y CC (3,9±0,08 vs 4,5±0,06 u; P&lt;0,01) respecto a las vacas de ALTO. Las características evaluadas en las placentas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos como tampoco lo fue el PV de las terneras al nacimiento. De la misma forma, ninguna de las variables morfométricas ni comportamentales fue afectada significativamente por los tratamientos. En el presente experimento, las vacas subalimentadas movilizaron reserva corporal durante el último tercio de gestación para resguardar la integridad de sus crías verificado por la ausencia de diferencias en los parámetros evaluados. Posiblemente las vacas pastoreando campo nativo desarrollen mecanismos de acumulación y movilización de reservas corporales que les permite, al menos para las condiciones del presente estudio, sobreponerse a los períodos de escasez de forraje como estrategia de adaptación.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar dois níveis de energia na dieta de vacas de corte durante o último terço da gestação, sobre as características da placenta, variáveis ​​etológicas e morfométricas de suas filhas. Trinta e uma vacas britânicas multíparas, inseminadas em um tempo fixo e fêmeas em gestação, foram designadas no Dia -90 (Dia 0 = parto) a dois níveis de consumo de energia em relação às necessidades de manutenção até o parto: i- 125% (ALTO; n = 15) e ii- 75% (BAIXO; n = 16). Peso vivo (PV), condição corporal (CC), concentração de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) e insulina foram registrados nas vacas. As placentas (peso, número de cotilédones e eficiência placentária) foram caracterizadas e medidas morfométricas e comportamentais dos bezerros foram avaliadas nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. No parto, as vacas BAIXAS tiveram uma concentração maior de AGNE (0,45 ± 0,03 vs 0,27 ± 0,03 mmol / L, P &lt;0,01) e insulina mais baixa (8,83 ± 0,73 vs 10,88 ± 0,71 uIU / ml, P &lt;0,03), também como menor PV (478 ± 15,4 vs 521 ± 11,8 kg, P &lt;0,01) e CC (3,9 ± 0,08 vs 4,5 ± 0,06 u; P &lt;0,01) em relação às vacas HIGH. As características avaliadas nas placentas não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos, nem o PV dos bezerros ao nascimento. Da mesma forma, nenhuma das variáveis ​​morfométricas ou comportamentais foi significativamente afetada pelos tratamentos. No presente experimento, as vacas desnutridas mobilizaram reserva corporal durante o último terço da gestação para proteger a integridade de seus bezerros, verificada pela ausência de diferenças nos parâmetros avaliados. Possivelmente vacas em pastagens nativas desenvolvam mecanismos de acumulação e mobilização de reservas corporais que lhes permitem, pelo menos nas condições do presente estudo, superar períodos de escassez de forragem como estratégia de adaptação