Efecto del formulado comercial de Trichoderma harzianum en semillas de trigo

Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world for human consumption therefore fungal diseases and its control represents a great challenge. This experiment was carried out with the objective of looking for an alternative biological control agent, it was undertaken evaluating the effects of different doses of the commercially formulated Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (1969), fungal base, on quality physiological and sanitary selected wheat seeds. Two different planting methods were employed: in the Blotter test, sowing in seedbed, using a completely random array, applying five treatments with eight repetitions of 50 seeds, reaching a total of 400 seeds, with three different doses of the product (100, 200, 300 mL/100 kg seeds), including the absolute test subject and the chemical composition (Carbendazin + Thiram). The results were subjected to the ANAVA and the Tukey test allowing for a 5 % error margin. The fungal genera identified in the wheat seeds were Rhizopus spp. and Aspergillus flavus, in the control subject, The Rhizopus spp. genus fungi prevailed, while the application of different doses of T. harzianum resulted in a decrease of these colonies. According to the level of control, the three doses of the commercial formula applied were satisfactory, in addition to positively influencing the germination percentage of the seeds in relation to the control and the higher index of growth speed was observed after applying T. harzianum at a 300 mL/100 kg of seed dosage. T. harzianum can be used as a biostimulant in plants with a good antagonistic capability against phytopathogens that cause disease in wheat seeds.El trigo es uno de los cereales de mayor importancia en el mundo para el consumo humano y las enfermedades fúngicas y su control representa un gran desafío. Buscando alternativas de control biológico, este experimento se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de diferentes dosis del formulado comercial a base de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (1969), sobre la calidad fisiológica y sanitaria de las semillas. Se utilizó dos métodos de siembra: en Blotter test y siembra en almácigo, empleándose un diseño completamente al azar, compuesto con cinco tratamientos y ocho repeticiones de 50 semillas, totalizando 400 semillas, con tres diferentes dosis del producto (100, 200, 300 mL/100 kg de semilla), más el testigo absoluto y el químico (Carbendazin + Thiram). Los resultados fueron sometidos al ANAVA y al test de Tukey al 5 % de error. Los géneros de hongos identificados en las semillas de trigo fueron Rhizopus spp. y Aspergillus flavus, en el testigo prevalecieron hongos del género Rhizopus spp., mientras las aplicaciones de diferentes dosis de T. harzianum permitieron la disminución de sus colonias. Según el nivel de control, fueron satisfactoria las tres dosis del formulado comercial utilizado, además de influenciar positivamente en el porcentaje de germinación de las semillas con relación al testigo y el mayor índice de velocidad de emergencia fue observado con la aplicación de T. harzianum a una dosis de 300 mL/100 kg de semilla. T. harzianum puede ser utilizado como bioestimulantes de las plantas con buena capacidad antagónica contra los fitopatógenos que desarrollan enfermedades en semillas de trigo

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Maternal dietary patterns and acute leukemia in infants: results from a case control study in Mexico

BackgroundChildhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5–14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants.MethodsA hospital-based case–control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants.ResultsThe “Balanced &amp; Vegetable-Rich” pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the “High Dairy &amp; Cereals” Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efecto del formulado comercial de Trichoderma harzianum en semillas de trigo

Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world for human consumption, so its fungal diseases and control represent a great challenge.This experiment was carried out with the objective of looking for an alternative biological control agent. The effects of different doses of the Trichoderma harzianum-based commercially formulated product on physiological and sanitary quality of the wheatseeds were evaluated. Two different planting methods were employed: Blotter test and sowing in seedbed. A completely random design was applied, with five treatments with eight repetitions of 50 seeds, reaching a total of 400 seeds, and with three different doses of the product (100, 200, 300 ml/100 kg seeds), in addition to the absolute control and the chemical (Carbendazin + Thiram). The results were subjected to the ANAVA and the Tukey tests (α=0.05). The fungal taxa identified in the wheat seeds were Rhizopusspp. and Aspergillus flavus; fungi if the genus Rhizopusprevailed in the control sample, while the application of different doses of T. harzianumresulted in a decrease of their colonies. Depending on the control level, the three doses of the commercial formulation applied were satisfactory, in addition to positively influencing the germination percentage of the seeds in relation to the control. The highest emergency speed index was observed after applying T. harzianumat a dose of 300 ml/100 kg. This species can be used as a biostimulant in plants with a good antagonistic capability against phytopathogens that develop diseases in wheat seedsEl trigo es uno de los cereales de mayor importancia en el mundo para el consumo humano, por lo que sus enfermedades fúngicas y su control representan un gran desafío. Buscando alternativas de control biológico,se realizó un experimento con el objetivo deevaluar los efectos de diferentes dosis del formulado comercial a base de Trichoderma harzianum, sobre la calidad fisiológica y sanitaria de las semillas. Se utilizaron dos métodos de siembra: Blotter test y siembra en almácigo. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar, con cinco tratamientos y ocho repeticiones de 50 semillas, totalizando 400 semillas, y con tres diferentes dosis del producto (100, 200, 300 ml/100 kg de semilla), más el testigo absoluto y el químico (Carbendazin + Thiram). Los resultadosfueron sometidos al ANAVA y al test de Tukey (α= 0,05). Los taxones de hongos identificados en las semillas de trigo fueron Rhizopusspp. y Aspergillus flavus; en la muestra téstigoprevalecieron hongos del género Rhizopus, mientras que las aplicaciones de diferentes dosis de T. harzianumpermitieron la disminución de sus colonias. Según el nivel de control, fueron satisfactorias las tres dosis del formulado comercial utilizado, además de influenciar positivamente el porcentaje de germinación de las semillas con relación al testigo. El mayor índice de velocidad de emergencia fue observado con la aplicación de T. harzianuma una dosis de 300 ml/100 kg de semilla. Esta especie puede ser utilizada como bioestimulantes de las plantas con buena capacidad antagónica contra los fitopatógenos que desarrollan enfermedades en semillas de trig

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care