Cost-Utility of Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Germany, Using an Individual-Based Dynamic Transmission Model

Seasonal influenza infection is primarily caused by circulation of two influenza A strain subtypes and strains from two B lineages that vary each year. Trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) contains only one of the two B-lineage strains, resulting in mismatches between vaccine strains and the predominant circulating B lineage. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) includes both B-lineage strains. The objective was to estimate the cost-utility of introducing QIV to replace TIV in Germany. An individual-based dynamic transmission model (4Flu) using German data was used to provide realistic estimates of the impact of TIV and QIV on age-specific influenza infections. Cases were linked to health and economic outcomes to calculate the cost-utility of QIV versus TIV, from both a societal and payer perspective. Costs and effects were discounted at 3.0 and 1.5 % respectively, with 2014 as the base year. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Using QIV instead of TIV resulted in additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost savings from the societal perspective (i.e. it represents the dominant strategy) and an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of a,not sign14,461 per QALY from a healthcare payer perspective. In all univariate analyses, QIV remained cost-effective (ICUR <a,not sign50,000). In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, QIV was cost-effective in > 98 and > 99 % of the simulations from the societal and payer perspective, respectively. This analysis suggests that QIV in Germany would provide additional health gains while being cost-saving to society or costing a,not sign14,461 per QALY gained from the healthcare payer perspective, compared with TIV

"Monstrous and indefensible"? Newspaper accounts of sexual assaults on children in nineteenth-century England and Wales

This material has been published in Women's Criminality in Europe, 1600–1914 edited by Edited by Manon van der Heijden, Marion Pluskota, Sanne Muurling, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108774543. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution or re-use. © 2020 Cambridge University Press.Popular crime reportage of sexual violence has a long history in England. Despite the fact that from the 1830s onwards newspapers and periodicals – and sometimes even law reports – were increasingly liable to skim over the reporting of sexual offences as ‘unfit for publication’, this does not mean that such reportage vanished entirely. Instead, certain linguistic codes and euphemisms were invoked to maintain a respectable discourse. Given the serious problems with gaps in the surviving archival record for modern criminal justice, newspapers remain an essential tool for understanding the history of sexual violence in nineteenth century England and Wales. Using keyword searches in digitized newspaper databases such as the British Newspaper Archive and Welsh Newspapers Database, this chapter examines the continuities and changes in the reporting of sexual violence against children between 1800 and 1900, and explores what these euphemisms and elisions reveal about attitudes to gender and crime in nineteenth-century England and Wales.Peer reviewe

Gender and release from imprisonment: Convict licensing systems in mid to late 19th century England

This paper draws on the research undertaken into the lives and prison experiences of around 650 male and female convicts who were released on licence (an early form of parole) from sentences of long term imprisonment (three years to life) in England in the mid- to late-nineteenth century. Our project confirmed the patterns of offending seen in other studies of female and male offending, namely, that women were committed to periods of long-term imprisonment overwhelmingly for crimes of larceny and sometimes low-level violence (or their criminal backgrounds indicated this type of low-level disorderly behaviour) and only in the minority for crimes of serious interpersonal violence. Similarly, the majority of men were also committed to the convict system for larceny. Yet how male and female offenders were treated by the prison licensing system did differ significantly. The vast majority of all prisoners, male and female, were released early on licence from their prison terms, even those who had committed very serious offences. All licences had several conditions in them and licence-holders were free so long as they met these conditions. Any breach of the above conditions meant that the individual would be returned to prison to serve out the remainder of their sentence.However, a proportion of female offenders were released slightly earlier than their male counterparts, though not directly into the community but on a conditional licence to Female Refuges. Out of the 288 women researched in our project, 200 of them were released in this manner; under further confinement in a refuge. Women stayed in such refuges for on average between six and nine months, before their final release was then approved by the Directors of the Convict Prisons

Nanomédecine régénérative de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle which is commonly affected. These affections are often so painful during fundamental oral activities that patients have lower quality of life. Limitations of therapeutics for severe TMJ diseases have led to increased interest in regenerative strategies combining stem cells, implantable scaffolds and well-targeting bioactive molecules. To succeed in functional and structural regeneration of TMJ is very challenging. Innovative strategies and biomaterials are absolutely crucial because TMJ can be considered as one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its limited healing capacity, its unique histological and structural properties and the necessity for long-term prevention of its ossified or fibrous adhesions. A first in vitro study was conducted to develop a pro-regenerative nanostructured cartilage implant bearing human mesenchymal stem cells. The nanoreservoirs of TGFβ3 within a jellyfish type II collagen matrix showed their chondrogenic capacity. They allowed colonization, then differentiation and matrix maturation favorable to cartilaginous regeneration. These results are encouraging given the difficulty of culturing chondrocytes and the need for rapid restoration of the cartilaginous layer of articular surfaces. A second in vivo study was conducted to develop a nanostructured pro-regenerative anti-inflammatory bone implant. Nanofibrous and microporous biomimetic matrices of polycaprolactone (PCL) were functionalized by nanoreservoirs of BMP-2 and ibuprofen. They have been implanted in mouse models of maxillary bone lesions. The acceleration of regeneration induced by these nanofunctionalized implants has been demonstrated in wild-type mice and Tabby mutant mice. The benefit thus established of functionalization of implants by BMP-2 and ibuprofen is of particular interest in the frequent chronic inflammatory pathologies of TMJ. These promising results follow three-dimensional orchestration approaches for different TMJ tissues.L'articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM) est une articulation formée entre l'os temporal et le condyle mandibulaire, et est fréquemment atteinte. Ces affections sont souvent si douloureuses lors d'activités orales fondamentales que les patients ont une qualité de vie diminuée. Les limites de la thérapeutique pour les atteintes des ATM, ont conduit à accroître l'intérêt pour les stratégies régénératives combinant les cellules souches, les "scaffolds" implantables et les molécules bioactives. Réussir dans la régénération fonctionnelle et structurelle de l'ATM constitue un véritable défi. Des stratégies innovantes et des biomatériaux sont absolument essentiels car l'ATM peut être considérée comme l'un des ensembles tissulaires les plus difficiles à régénérer, au vu de sa capacité de guérison limitée, de ses propriétés histologiques et structurelles uniques et de la nécessité de prévenir à long terme ses adhérences ossifiées ou fibreuses. Une première étude in vitro a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif du cartilage portant des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines. Les nanoréservoirs de TGFβ3 au sein d’une matrice de collagène de type II de méduse ont montrés leur capacité chondrogénique. Ils ont permis une colonisation, puis une différenciation et une maturation matricielle favorable à la régénération cartilagineuse. Ces résultats sont encourageants vu la difficulté de mise en culture des chondrocytes et la nécessité d'une restauration rapide de la couche cartilagineuse des surfaces articulaires. Une deuxième étude in vivo a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif anti-inflammatoire osseux. Des matrices biomimétiques nanofibreuses et microporeuses de polycaprolactone (PCL) ont été fonctionnalisées par des nanoréservoirs de BMP-2 et d’ibuprofène. Elles ont été implantées sur des modèles murins de lésions osseuses maxillaires. L’accélération de la régénération induite par ces implants nanofonctionnalisés a été mise en évidence sur des souris sauvages et sur des souris mutantes Tabby. Le bénéfice ainsi établi de fonctionnalisation des implants par la BMP-2 et l'ibuprofène revêt un intérêt particulier face aux fréquentes pathologies inflammatoires chroniques de l'ATM. Ces résultats prometteurs devront faire suite à des approches d'orchestration tridimensionnelle des différents tissus de l'ATM

Temporomandibular joint regenerative nanomedicine

L'articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM) est une articulation formée entre l'os temporal et le condyle mandibulaire, et est fréquemment atteinte. Ces affections sont souvent si douloureuses lors d'activités orales fondamentales que les patients ont une qualité de vie diminuée. Les limites de la thérapeutique pour les atteintes des ATM, ont conduit à accroître l'intérêt pour les stratégies régénératives combinant les cellules souches, les "scaffolds" implantables et les molécules bioactives. Réussir dans la régénération fonctionnelle et structurelle de l'ATM constitue un véritable défi. Des stratégies innovantes et des biomatériaux sont absolument essentiels car l'ATM peut être considérée comme l'un des ensembles tissulaires les plus difficiles à régénérer, au vu de sa capacité de guérison limitée, de ses propriétés histologiques et structurelles uniques et de la nécessité de prévenir à long terme ses adhérences ossifiées ou fibreuses. Une première étude in vitro a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif du cartilage portant des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines. Les nanoréservoirs de TGFβ3 au sein d’une matrice de collagène de type II de méduse ont montrés leur capacité chondrogénique. Ils ont permis une colonisation, puis une différenciation et une maturation matricielle favorable à la régénération cartilagineuse. Ces résultats sont encourageants vu la difficulté de mise en culture des chondrocytes et la nécessité d'une restauration rapide de la couche cartilagineuse des surfaces articulaires. Une deuxième étude in vivo a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif anti-inflammatoire osseux. Des matrices biomimétiques nanofibreuses et microporeuses de polycaprolactone (PCL) ont été fonctionnalisées par des nanoréservoirs de BMP-2 et d’ibuprofène. Elles ont été implantées sur des modèles murins de lésions osseuses maxillaires. L’accélération de la régénération induite par ces implants nanofonctionnalisés a été mise en évidence sur des souris sauvages et sur des souris mutantes Tabby. Le bénéfice ainsi établi de fonctionnalisation des implants par la BMP-2 et l'ibuprofène revêt un intérêt particulier face aux fréquentes pathologies inflammatoires chroniques de l'ATM. Ces résultats prometteurs devront faire suite à des approches d'orchestration tridimensionnelle des différents tissus de l'ATM.The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle which is commonly affected. These affections are often so painful during fundamental oral activities that patients have lower quality of life. Limitations of therapeutics for severe TMJ diseases have led to increased interest in regenerative strategies combining stem cells, implantable scaffolds and well-targeting bioactive molecules. To succeed in functional and structural regeneration of TMJ is very challenging. Innovative strategies and biomaterials are absolutely crucial because TMJ can be considered as one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its limited healing capacity, its unique histological and structural properties and the necessity for long-term prevention of its ossified or fibrous adhesions. A first in vitro study was conducted to develop a pro-regenerative nanostructured cartilage implant bearing human mesenchymal stem cells. The nanoreservoirs of TGFβ3 within a jellyfish type II collagen matrix showed their chondrogenic capacity. They allowed colonization, then differentiation and matrix maturation favorable to cartilaginous regeneration. These results are encouraging given the difficulty of culturing chondrocytes and the need for rapid restoration of the cartilaginous layer of articular surfaces. A second in vivo study was conducted to develop a nanostructured pro-regenerative anti-inflammatory bone implant. Nanofibrous and microporous biomimetic matrices of polycaprolactone (PCL) were functionalized by nanoreservoirs of BMP-2 and ibuprofen. They have been implanted in mouse models of maxillary bone lesions. The acceleration of regeneration induced by these nanofunctionalized implants has been demonstrated in wild-type mice and Tabby mutant mice. The benefit thus established of functionalization of implants by BMP-2 and ibuprofen is of particular interest in the frequent chronic inflammatory pathologies of TMJ. These promising results follow three-dimensional orchestration approaches for different TMJ tissues