Standard Transistor Array (STAR). Volume 1: Placement technique

A large scale integration (LSI) technology, the standard transistor array uses a prefabricated understructure of transistors and a comprehensive library of digital logic cells to allow efficient fabrication of semicustom digital LSI circuits. The cell placement technique for this technology involves formation of a one dimensional cell layout and "folding" of the one dimensional placement onto the chip. It was found that, by use of various folding methods, high quality chip layouts can be achieved. Methods developed to measure of the "goodness" of the generated placements include efficient means for estimating channel usage requirements and for via counting. The placement and rating techniques were incorporated into a placement program (CAPSTAR). By means of repetitive use of the folding methods and simple placement improvement strategies, this program provides near optimum placements in a reasonable amount of time. The program was tested on several typical LSI circuits to provide performance comparisons both with respect to input parameters and with respect to the performance of other placement techniques. The results of this testing indicate that near optimum placements can be achieved by use of the procedures incurring severe time penalties

Geodesic equation in kk-Minkowski spacetime

In this paper, we derive corrections to the geodesic equation due to the $k$-deformation of curved space-time, up to the first order in the deformation parameter a. This is done by generalizing the method from our previous paper [31], to include curvature effects. We show that the effect of $k$-noncommutativity can be interpreted as an extra drag that acts on the particle while moving in this $k$-deformed curved space. We have derived the Newtonian limit of the geodesic equation and using this, we discuss possible bounds on the deformation parameter. We also derive the generalized uncertainty relations valid in the non-relativistic limit of the $k$-space-time.Comment: 11 pages, references adde

Dark Energy: Recent Developments

A six parameter cosmological model, involving a vacuum energy density that is extremely tiny compared to fundamental particle physics scales, describes a large body of increasingly accurate astronomical data. In a first part of this brief review we summarize the current situation, emphasizing recent progress. An almost infinitesimal vacuum energy is only the simplest candidate for a cosmologically significant nearly homogeneous exotic energy density with negative pressure, generically called Dark Energy. If general relativity is assumed to be also valid on cosmological scales, the existence of such a dark energy component that dominates the recent universe is now almost inevitable. We shall discuss in a second part the alternative possibility that general relativity has to be modified on distances comparable to the Hubble scale. It will turn out that observational data are restricting theoretical speculations more and more. Moreover, some of the recent proposals have serious defects on a fundamental level (ghosts, acausalities, superluminal fluctuations).Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, invited ``brief review'' for Modern Physics Letters A; to appea

Architecture, Art, And Moderate Moralism

In this essay Noël Carroll explores the question of whether a moral defect in a work of architectural art can ever also count as an aesthetic /artistic defect. Adopting the stance of a moderate moralist and mobilizing what has been called the “uptake argument,” he argues against the moderate autonomist that sometimes a moral defect in an architectural artwork can also be an aesthetic/artistic defec

ASSESSING PARTICULATE MATTER WALL LOSS WITH CONDUCTIVE VS. NON-CONDUCTIVE CASSETTES USED FOR AIRBORNE MINERAL DUST SAMPLING

Occupational exposure assessments for aerosols are commonly conducted by drawing air through a filter media, which is housed in cassette. Previous studies assessing metal and coal dust aerosol concentrations have shown a significant amount of particulate matter adhering to the inner cassette wall, thus underestimating the mass concentration reported from filter media. A common control strategy to minimize wall loss is to perform sampling with cassettes comprised of conductive material. The objective of this study was to assess the potential for cassette wall loss associated with mineral dust air sampling techniques employing conductive vs. non-conductive cassettes. Area total and respirable dust sampling was conducted in a primary rock crusher of a copper mine. In addition to analyzing the filter media, the interior of the sampling cassette was wiped with a PVC filter post sampling to quantify potential wall loss. Results revealed a significant decrease (P\u3c0.05) in percent wall loss mass with conductive vs. non-conductive cassettes when sampling for respirable dust. A correlation was apparent (P=0.048) between wall loss mass and filter mass for conductive cassettes when using respirable dust sampling methods. However, no correlation was apparent between wall loss mass and filter mass for non-conductive cassettes when using respirable dust sampling methods. No correlation was apparent between wall loss vs. filter mass for non-conductive and conductive cassettes when applying total dust sampling. These results suggest that substantial (mass %) sample loss may occur when sampling for respirable mineral dust with non-conductive cassettes, and this wall loss may be mitigated with the use of a conductive sampling cassette

A World\u27s Fair Perspective: From the Inside

This article presents an overview of the World\u27s Fair operations and its impact. The primary perspective is upon the pitfalls in planning events from a developmental aspect

The Folks Next Door (September 29-30, October 1, 2011)

Program for The Folks Next Door (September 29-30, October 1, 2011). To view the photos from this production of The Folks Next Door , please click here

St. Paul's conception of the humanity of Jesus Christ

THE PROBLEM AND THE APPROACH. The subject of this study was fixed and phrased as a result of conferences with Professor William Manson. It is a subject, to be sure, which is touched upon by almost every book dealing with Pauline Christology. But very few deal specifically and at suitable length with Paul's conception of the humanity of Jesus Christ and its ramifications. Scholars have properly and quickly pointed out the essential truth that the Christ of Paul was a risen, Exalted Lord, but they have been slow to recognize in due proportion the place and vitality of the Apostle's concept of the humanity of Jesus Christ. In a sense, one realizes, it is not possible to discern Paul's concept of the humanity of Jesus Christ per se, for he never thought of it as a single, distinct aspect of the person of Christ. Unlike later theologians he did not attempt to distinguish between His divine and His human nature because Christ to him was a unity. Consequently, little progress can be made in an attempt to understand this aspect of the Apostle's thought by means of a direct Christological or metaphysical approach. The thought of Paul cannot be fully appreciated without the realization that he conceived of the humanity of Christ primarily in a functional sense and as being integrally related to his concepts of anthropology, soteriology, ecclesiology, and eschatology. Hence an indirect approach in the light of these ideas as background is the most promising for revealing how Paul thought of the humanity of Jesus Christ.SCOPE AND PURPOSE. In endeavoring to follow the Apostle's thought one encounters the above cluster of doctrines to which the humanity of Christ is inseparably related and which all contribute to the total picture of Paul's conception. Accordingly, the scope of this study is necessarily extensive. A considerable range of ideas must be brought into focus if one is even to begin to do justice to the thought of Paul on this subject. Moreover, in the pursuit of the subject one discovers that a study could scarcely be selected that embraces a greater number of perplexing and controversial Pauline statements. Concerning Paul's letters, indeed, "there are some things in them hard to understand" (II Pet. 3:16). But neither space nor propriety will permit an exhaustive treatment of any of these challenging verses. One must be content with studying and weighing the various arguments bearing on some difficult passages and then presenting the interpretation which seems most likely to represent Paul's intention and meaning. Consequently, this study, while not claiming to cast much fresh light from an exegetical standpoint, does attempt to bring together in a new way the various factors which enter into and comprise Paul's total concept of the humanity of Jesus Christ. For this reason some consideration of the relevant background of ideas is demanded. The central factor holding together the various elements of this study is Paul's doctrine of the Second Adam. The emphasis herein given to this concept is that it is a development of Jesus' Suffering Servant -Son of Man self -designation, and this approach to the conception of the humanity of Jesus Christ necessarily involves the interesting and ambiguous Hebrew idea of the One and the Many.SOURCES. For the purpose of this study the ten letters that are usually considered genuinely Pauline are accepted. Although considerable doubt has been leveled against the authenticity of Ephesians, the negative conclusion has not yet been adopted as final by a convincing number of scholars. The Pastoral Epistles are herein regarded as being by the "Pauline school" and as embodying a few genuine fragments of the Apostle's writing. P. N. Harrison, The Problem of the Pastoral Epistles (1921), is taken as the guide in deter - :mining the amount and location of these genuine elements. Therefore, citations from these few sections are taken as authentic, while others from the bulk of the three letters are given only as comparative references.BIBLIOGRAPHY. The amount of literature applicable to various aspects of this study is enormous. Indeed, there are more books on the life, letters, and teaching of Paul than there are years since his time,1 and a majority of these would have something to say that is relevant to the present subject. Obviously it would be impossible and unnecessary to consult all the volumes, commentaries, histories, and periodical articles that are pertinent. Therefore, although the attached bibliography is lengthy, it is by no means exhaustive. It represents a partial amount of the literature consulted. In the first two categories ( "Books" and "Articles and Essays ") the list includes only that which actually has been cited in footnotes or text.MECHANICS. Regarding the mechanics of composition the following require notice: 1) American spelling, punctuation, and rules of grammar are employed; 2) Scriptural quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from the Revised Standard Version, or else they are the present writer's own translation from the Greek (in which case an asterisk is usually appended); 3) A number of more or less standard abbreviations are used, and these are interpreted in a convenient table on p. x

Liderazgo motivacional. Cimiento fundamental del éxito empresarial

Las nuevas dinámicas, se desarrollan en un contexto de mercados altamente competitivos, con niveles de eficiencia que representan un desafío monumental para las organizaciones que pretendan permanecer vigentes y a la vanguardia en sus actividades. Lo anterior, provoca de manera inevitable, la necesidad de canalizar esfuerzos significativos desde la alta gerencia, en el diseño e implementación de estrategias innovadoras, que redunden en el mejoramiento de los niveles de productividad y el cumplimiento de las metas trazadas