Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Guide sur l'accessibilité numérique à destination des porteurs de revues scientifiques

<p>Le nouveau<strong> guide de sensibilisation sur le respect des standards en matière d'accessibilité numérique, a été spécialement conçu pour les porteurs de revues</strong> mais se veut utile à tous. Ce guide est basé sur les recommandations du <a href="https://accessibilite.numerique.gouv.fr/doc/RGAA-v4.1.pdf">RGAA 4.1</a> et contient un quiz qui vous permettra de mesurer l'état de vos connaissances en matière d'accessibilité numérique.</p><p>La conception du guide est basé sur une approche "nudge" (coup de pouce en français), qui vise à<strong> encourager les comportements bénéfiques en matière d'accessibilité de manière subtile et non intrusive</strong>.</p><p>Ce guide de sensibilisation est le fruit d'un travail collaboratif mené par un groupe de travail dédié, qui a rassemblé différents profils de l'<strong>université de Lille.</strong></p&gt

Dissertations and Data

We present the results of a quantitative assessment of research data produced and submitted with dissertations Special attention is paid to the size of the research data in appendices, to their presentation and link to the text, to their sources and typology, and to their potential for further research. The discussion puts the focus on legal aspects (database protection, intellectual property, privacy, third-party rights) and other barriers to data sharing, reuse and dissemination through open access. Another part adds insight into the potential handling of these data, in the framework of the French and Slovenian dissertation infrastructures. What could be done to valorize these data in a centralized system for electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs)? The topics are formats, metadata (including attribution of unique identifiers), submission/deposit, long-term preservation and dissemination. This part will also draw on experiences from other campuses and make use of results from surveys on data management at the Universities of Berlin and Lille

Open Is Not Enough: A case study on grey literature in an OAI environment

The paper contributes to the discussion on the place of grey literature in institutional repositories and, vice versa, on the relevance of open archives for grey literature. Even in an open environment, grey literature needs specific attention and curation. Institutional repositories don't automatically provide a solution to all problems of grey literature. Our paper shows some scenarios of what could or should be done. The focus is on academic libraries. The paper is based on a review of international studies on grey literature in open archives. Empirical evidence is drawn from an audit of the French repository IRIS from the University of Lille 1 and from ongoing work on the development of this site. The study includes a strategic analysis in a SWOT format with four scenarios. Based on this analysis, the paper provides a set of minimum requirements for grey items in institutional repositories concerning metadata, selection procedure, quality, collection management and deposit policy. The communication is meant to be helpful for the further development of institutional repositories and for special acquisition and deposit policies of academic libraries.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa

Data Papers as a New Form of Knowledge Organization in the Field of Research Data

In order to analyse specific features of data papers, we established a representative sample of data journals, based on lists from the European FOSTER Plus project , the German wiki forschungsdaten.org hosted by the University of Konstanz and two French research organizations. The complete list consists of 82 data journals, i.e. journals which publish data papers. They represent less than 0,5% of academic and scholarly journals. For each of these 82 data journals, we gathered information about the discipline, the global business model, the publisher, peer reviewing etc. The analysis is partly based on data from ProQuest’s Ulrichsweb database, enriched and completed by information available on the journals’ home pages. One part of the data journals are presented as “pure” data journals stricto sensu , i.e. journals which publish exclusively or mainly data papers. We identified 28 journals of this category (34%). For each journal, we assessed through direct search on the journals’ homepages (information about the journal, author’s guidelines etc.) the use of identifiers and metadata, the mode of selection and the business model, and we assessed different parameters of the data papers themselves, such as length, structure, linking etc. The results of this analysis are compared with other research journals (“mixed” data journals) which publish data papers along with regular research articles, in order to identify possible differences between both journal categories, on the level of data papers as well as on the level of the regular research papers. Moreover, the results are discussed against concepts of knowledge organization

Going Green: Publishing Academic Grey Literature in Laboratory Collections on HAL

HAL is the national open repository for documents and data from French scientists. The deposits are organized in institutional portals and collections from research units and projects. The paper will analyse how grey literature is represented in the collections of French research laboratories on HAL. Our study concerns the grey literature deposits in HAL from the 60 research laboratories affiliated to the University of Lille, covering all STM and SSH fields. The focus will be on conference papers, reports, working papers, theses and dissertations. The study will distinguish between deposits of documents and records without documents, will compare deposits from different disciplines, different laboratory collections and different document types, including articles and book chapters. If possible, we will also have a look on usage statistics, as an indicator of impact (altmetrics, cf. Schöpfel & Prost, 2016)

Towards a Prague Definition of Grey Literature

The most common definition of grey literature, the so-called "Luxembourg definition", was discussed and approved during the 3rd International Conference on Grey Literature in 1997. In 2004, at the 6th International Conference on Grey literature in New York City, a postscript was added. The main characteristic of this definition is its economic perspective on grey literature, based on business, publishing and distribution models of the disappearing Gutenberg galaxy. With the changing research environment and new channels of scientific communication, it becomes clear that grey literature needs a new conceptual framework. Research method: Our project applies a two-step-methodology: (1) A state of the art of terminology and definitions of the last two decades, based on contributions to the GL conference series (1993-2008) and on original articles published in The Grey Journal (2005-2010). (2) An exploratory survey with a sample of scientists, publishing and LIS professionals to assess attitudes towards of the New York definition and to gather elements for a new definition. Results: Based on the state of the art and the survey data, we make a proposal for a new definition of grey literature ("Prague definition") with four new essential attributes: "Grey literature stands for manifold document types produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats that are protected by intellectual property rights, of sufficient quality to be collected and preserved by library holdings or institutional repositories, but not controlled by commercial publishers i.e., where publishing is not the primary activity of the producing body.". The attributes and challenges are discussed.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes, Pratt student commentaryXAInternationa

Degrees of Openness: Grey Literature in Institutional Repositories

In spite of the growing success of the open access initiative, a significant part of scientific and technical information remains unavailable on the web or circulates with restrictions. Even in institutional repositories created to disseminate the scientific production of an academic institution, broad and open access to more or less important sectors of the scientific production is restricted. In order to provide new empirical evidence, 25 large institutional repositories from different continents were selected in the international directory OpenDOAR. For each repository, the access to the full text for different document types was evaluated, and the statistics were analysed for each site and cumulated. Building on our past work and new empirical data from large institutional repositories on different continents, we distinguish between different degrees of openness. Which are the main reasons, which are the stabilizing functions of this situation? The communication tries to provide some elements of understanding, together with good practices and recommendations

Supplementary material from "Competition for novelty reduces information sampling in a research game"

Incentive structures shape scientists' research practices. One incentive in particular, rewarding priority of publication, is hypothesized to harm scientific reliability by promoting rushed, low-quality research. Here, we develop a laboratory experiment to test whether competition affects information sampling and guessing accuracy in a game that mirrors aspects of scientific investigation. In our experiment, individuals gather data in order to guess true states of the world and face a tradeoff between guessing quickly and increasing accuracy by acquiring more information. To test whether competition affects accuracy, we compare a treatment in which individuals are rewarded for each correct guess to a treatment where individuals face the possibility of being ‘scooped’ by a competitor. In a second set of conditions, we make information acquisition contingent on solving arithmetic problems to test whether competition increases individual effort (i.e. arithmetic-problem solving speed). We find that competition causes individuals to make guesses using less information, thereby reducing their accuracy (H1a and H1b confirmed). We find no evidence that competition increases individual effort (H2, inconclusive evidence). Our experiment provides proof of concept that rewarding priority of publication can incentivize individuals to acquire less information, producing lower-quality research as a consequence