Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) : a mental illness drug

Ayurveda is the life science and practice that involve the care of the human being's physical, mental, and spiritual health. The term "Ayu” is defined as- "Sharir Indriya Satva Atma Sanyogo Dhari Jeevtam (Charak). According to Acharaya Charaka the individuality of Manas and Sarira is inseparable and interdependent. The paragon of the beauty of Ayurveda is that it always emphasizes prevention over cure. Yendri (Bacopa monnieri Linn). Mentioned as Medhya by Priyavrat Sharma in his book Dravyagun Vigyana. Nowadays, the use of herbal drugs for the treatment of various diseases is developing worldwide. Psychiatric and neurological disorders are generally associated with memory loss, cognitive deficits, impaired mental function, etc. Due to the multi-factorial nature of these diseases, psychoactive drugs of modern medicine have achieved restricted success. Therefore, there is an extended stipulation for novel products that could target multiple pathways and improve mental capabilities. According to "Ayurveda," the Indian traditional medicine system, "Medhya Rasayana" presents herbal therapeutics that restores cognitive deficits, boost memory, and improve mental functions. The current review emphasizes the components and application of such type of herbal medication

AN OVERVIEW OF ETHNOMEDICINE AND FUTURE ASPECT OF ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS

Ethno botanical study is now of immense importance in the field of medical science, it is well established branch of science with much attention. Ethno botany is the scientific relationships that exist between people and plants. Traditional medicine and ethno botanical information play an important role in scientific research, particularly when the literature and field work data have not been properly evaluated. Globally, about 80% of the traditional medicines used for primary health care are derived from plants. In China, traditional medicine accounts for around 40% of all health care delivered. In Chile 71% of the population, and in Colombia 40% of the population, have used such medicine. India is one of the twelve mega-biodiversity countries of the world having rich vegetation with a wide variety of plants with medicinal value. Rural people not only depend on wild plants as sources of food, medicine, fodder and fuel, but have also developed methods of resource management, which may be fundamental to the conservation of some of the world's important habitats. In India, 65% of the populations in rural areas are using medicinal plants to meet their primary health care needs. Here a review on ethnomedicine including correlation of Ethnomedicine and Ayurveda will be mentioned. Attention should be made for proper exploitation, utilization and further reasearches on ethno medicinal important plant species

ETHNO-BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SOME WILD HERB SPECIES OF SURKANDA DEVI HILL, UTTARAKHAND

Medicinal plants play important role in healthcare practices among the tribal's and rural people. These Tribal's and rural people have wonderful knowledge about the effective treatment of many health problems only by using the plant parts. This knowledge acquired by the tribal's and rural peoples usually passed from generation to generation only in verbal form. So an effort was carried out to assess ethno botanical information of some wild herb species used by the local dwellers of Surkanda Devi Hill in District Tehri Garhwal of Uttarakhand. The information presented in this paper was gathered by frequent field visit in the forest and adjoining villages, participatory observations, group discussion, interviews with local knowledgeable people residing nearby Surkanda Devi Temple from September 2014 to March 2016. A total of 60 plant species were collected during the field visit out of which 48 plant species under 41 genera and 30 families were reported ethno-medicinal by the local dwellers and used by them for their primary health care. The plants used for different purposes are listed with scientific name, family, local name, ethno-medicinal importance. It can be concluded from this study that local dwellers of Surkanda Devi Hill inherit a rich traditional knowledge about the medicinal use of plants and documentation of this knowledge will open the door for new pharmacological research

Advances in enhanced sampling along adaptive paths of collective variables

Study of complex activated molecular transitions by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can be a daunting task, especially when little knowledge is available on the reaction coordinate describing the mechanism of the process. Here, we assess the path-metadynamics enhanced sampling approach in combination with force field and ab initio [density functional theory (DFT)] MD simulations of conformational and chemical transitions that require three or more collective variables (CVs) to describe the processes. We show that the method efficiently localizes the average transition path of each process and simultaneously obtains the free energy profile along the path. The new multiple-walker implementation greatly speeds-up the calculation, with an almost trivial scaling of the number of parallel replicas. Increasing the dimensionality by expanding the set of CVs leads to a less than linear increase in the computational cost, as shown by applying the method to a conformational change in increasingly longer polyproline peptides. Combined with DFT-MD to model acid (de-)protonation in explicit water solvent, the transition path and associated free energy profile were obtained in less than 100 ps of simulation. A final application to hydrogen fuel production catalyzed by a hydrogenase enzyme showcases the unique mechanistic insight and chemical understanding that can be obtained from the average transition path. Published by AIP Publishing

Relativistic anisotropic charged fluid spheres with varying cosmological constant

Static spherically symmetric anisotropic source has been studied for the Einstein-Maxwell field equations assuming the erstwhile cosmological constant $\Lambda$ to be a space-variable scalar, viz., $\Lambda = \Lambda(r)$. Two cases have been examined out of which one reduces to isotropic sphere. The solutions thus obtained are shown to be electromagnetic in origin as a particular case. It is also shown that the generally used pure charge condition, viz., $\rho + p_r = 0$ is not always required for constructing electromagnetic mass models.Comment: 15 pages, 3 eps figure

The Next Generation of Human-Drone Partnerships: Co-Designing an Emergency Response System

The use of semi-autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to support emergency response scenarios, such as fire surveillance and search and rescue, offers the potential for huge societal benefits. However, designing an effective solution in this complex domain represents a "wicked design" problem, requiring a careful balance between trade-offs associated with drone autonomy versus human control, mission functionality versus safety, and the diverse needs of different stakeholders. This paper focuses on designing for situational awareness (SA) using a scenario-driven, participatory design process. We developed SA cards describing six common design-problems, known as SA demons, and three new demons of importance to our domain. We then used these SA cards to equip domain experts with SA knowledge so that they could more fully engage in the design process. We designed a potentially reusable solution for achieving SA in multi-stakeholder, multi-UAV, emergency response applications.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables. This article is publishing in CHI202

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic

Observation of Orbitally Excited B_s Mesons

We report the first observation of two narrow resonances consistent with states of orbitally excited (L=1) B_s mesons using 1 fb^{-1} of ppbar collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We use two-body decays into K^- and B^+ mesons reconstructed as B^+ \to J/\psi K^+, J/\psi \to \mu^+ \mu^- or B^+ \to \bar{D}^0 \pi^+, \bar{D}^0 \to K^+ \pi^-. We deduce the masses of the two states to be m(B_{s1}) = 5829.4 +- 0.7 MeV/c^2 and m(B_{s2}^*) = 5839.7 +- 0.7 MeV/c^2.Comment: Version accepted and published by Phys. Rev. Let

Unimodular bimode gravity and the coherent scalar-graviton field as galaxy dark matter

The explicit violation of the general gauge invariance/relativity is adopted as the origin of dark matter and dark energy of the gravitational nature. The violation of the local scale invariance alone, with the residual unimodular one, is considered. Besides the four-volume preserving deformation mode -- the transverse-tensor graviton -- the metric comprises a compression mode -- the scalar graviton, or the systolon. A unimodular invariant and general covariant metric theory of the bimode/scalar-tensor gravity is consistently worked out. To reduce the primordial ambiguity of the theory a dynamical global symmetry is imposed, with its subsequent spontaneous breaking revealed. The static spherically symmetric case in the empty, but possibly for the origin, space is studied. A three-parameter solution describing a new static space structure -- the dark lacuna -- is constructed. It enjoys the property of gravitational confinement, with the logarithmic potential of gravitational attraction at the periphery, and results in the asymptotically flat rotation curves. Comprising a super-massive dark fracture (a scalar-modified black hole) at the origin surrounded by a cored dark halo, the dark lacunas are proposed as a prototype model of galaxies, implying an ultimate account for the distributed non-gravitational matter and a putative asphericity or rotation.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures; exposition improved, remarks added, accepted for publicatio

In vitro evaluation of sustained released matrix tablets containing ibuprofen: a model poorly water-soluble drug

ABSTRACT A matrix system was developed that releases ibuprofen (IB) over a 12-hour period and the influence of the polymer type and concentration on the release rate of the drug was evaluated. Tablets containing different concentrations of Carbopol (CP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), or ethyl cellulose (EC) were prepared using direct compression and the drug content, content uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolution performance, and in vitro release kinetics were examined. Formulated tablets were found to be within acceptable limits for physical and chemical parameters. The release kinetics of the Carbopol(r)971P 8% formulation showed the best linearity (r 2 =0.977) in fitting zero-order kinetics, suggesting the release rate was time independent. The drug release from tablets containing 8% CP was extended over approximately 18 hours and the release kinetics were nearly linear, suggesting that this system has the potential to maintain constant plasma drug concentrations over 12 hours, which could reduce the frequency of administration and the occurrence of adverse effects associated with repeated administration of conventional IB tablets