Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as an Effective Probiotic for Murine Giardiasis

The gut microflora is an important constituent in the intestinal mucosal barrier and has been introduced as the concept of probiotic therapy that beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to explore the protective potential of various lactobacilli strains for murine giardiasis. By experimentation, it was found that the probiotic supplementation of either Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, or L. rhamnosus GG, 7 days prior to inoculation with G. lamblia trophozoites, reduced the rate of cyst excretion compared with Giardia-infected mice. Interestingly, L. GG was found to be the most effective probiotic in reducing the duration of giardia cycle and acts as an effective prophylactic probiotic for murine giardiasis but needs to be clinically correlated due to entirely different human microflora

DyFFPAD: Dynamic Fusion of Convolutional and Handcrafted Features for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection

Automatic fingerprint recognition systems suffer from the threat of presentation attacks due to their wide range of applications in areas including national borders and commercial applications. Presentation attacks can be performed by fabricating the fake fingerprint of a user with or without the intention of the subject. This paper presents a dynamic ensemble of deep learning and handcrafted features to detect presentation attacks in known-material and unknown-material protocols. The proposed model is a dynamic ensemble of deep CNN and handcrafted features empowered deep neural networks both of which learn their parameters together. The proposed presentation attack detection model, in this way, utilizes the capabilities of both classification techniques and exhibits better performance than their individual results. The proposed model's performance is validated using benchmark LivDet 2015, 2017, and 2019 databases, with an overall accuracy of 96.10\%, 96.49\%, and 95.99\% attained on them, respectively. The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in benchmark protocols of presentation attack detection in terms of classification accuracy.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.0939

Design, synthesis and characterization of novel substituted pyrazol-azetidin-2-one derivatives for their antimicrobial activity

A novel method is elucidated herein, describing the synthesis of novel 3-chloro-4-(2-substituted phenyl)-1-( 4'-((1-(5-( 4-substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) ethylidene) amino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl) azetidin-2-one, consisting of a pyrazol motif (prepared from chalcone) and a lactam ring ( synthesized from Schiff base of aromatic aldehyde) as a potential antimicrobial agent. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed from the elemental analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. The novel compounds have been subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screening against certain gram positive (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and gram negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) bacterial species. Compounds Vb, Vd and Ve are the most potent amongst all the synthesized compounds against the tested microbes

Regeneration Patterns of Tree Species Along an Elevational Gradient in the Garhwal Himalaya

This study assessed the regeneration status of tree species at different elevations in Himalayan forests. For this purpose, we assessed the densities of seedlings, saplings, and adult trees of various forest-forming species to understand their population structure and regeneration patterns. Five elevational ranges—3500 m above sea level—were selected in various ranges in the Bhagirathi River catchment area in the Garhwal Himalaya. The highest species richness was recorded at the lowest elevational range, and the lowest species richness was recorded at the highest elevational range. Species diversity, measured using the Simpson and Shannon–Wiener diversity indices, was highest at the lowest elevations and lowest at the highest elevations. Abies spectabilis, Cedrus deodara, Rhododendron arboreum, Pinus roxburghii, and Quercus oblongata were dominant and widely adapted with appropriate regeneration potential at various elevations, whereas Aesculus indica, Juglans regia, and Sorbus cuspidata showed less ability to regenerate, indicating a threat to their survival in the near future. Tree species of subalpine forests Abies pindrow, A. spectabilis, Acer acuminatum, Betula utilis, and R. arboreum were observed to expand their upper limits into alpine meadows. Weak regeneration by some dominant tree species, and expansion by a few less-dominant or even rare species, indicate likely future compositional changes in Himalayan forests

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe