33 research outputs found
The Plasma Environment of Comets
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138863/1/rog199129s2976.pd
Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV
Peer reviewe
Large-scale meta-analysis of human medial frontal cortex reveals tripartite functional organization
<p>The functional organization of human medial
frontal cortex (MFC) is a subject of intense study. Using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI), the MFC has been associated with diverse psychological
processes including motor function, cognitive control, affect, and social
cognition. However, there have been few large-scale efforts to comprehensively
map specific psychological functions to sub-regions of medial frontal anatomy. Here
we applied a meta-analytic data-driven approach to nearly 10,000 fMRI studies to
identify putatively separable regions of MFC and determine which psychological states
preferentially recruit their activation. We identified regions at several
spatial scales on the basis of meta-analytic co-activation, revealing three
broad functional zones along a rostro-caudal axis composed of 2-4 smaller
sub-regions each. Multivariate classification analyses aimed at identifying the
psychological functions most strongly predictive of activity in each region
revealed a tripartite division within MFC, with each zone displaying a
relatively distinct functional signature. The posterior zone was associated preferentially
with motor function, the middle zone with cognitive control, pain, and affect,
and the anterior with reward, social processing and episodic memory. Within
each zone, the more fine-grained sub-regions showed distinct, but subtler, variations
in psychological function. These results
provide hypotheses about the functional organization of medial prefrontal
cortex that can be tested explicitly in future studies.</p
Preventive home care of frail older people: a review of recent case management studies.
Preventive actions targeting community-dwelling frail older people will be increasingly important with the growing number of very old and thereby also frail older people. This study aimed to explore and summarize the empirical literature on recent studies of case/care management interventions for community-dwelling frail older people and especially with regard to the content of the interventions and the nurse's role and outcome of it. Very few of the interventions took either a preventive or a rehabilitative approach using psycho-educative interventions focusing, for instance, on self-care activities, risk prevention, health complaints management or how to preserve or strengthen social activities, community involvement and functional ability. Moreover, it was striking that very few included a family-oriented approach also including support and education for informal caregivers. Thus it seems that the content of case/care management needs to be expanded and more influenced by a salutogenic health care perspective. Targeting frail older people seemed to benefit from a standardized two-stage strategy for inclusion and for planning the interventions. A comprehensive geriatric assessment seemed useful as a base. Nurses, preferably trained in gerontological practice, have a key role in case/care management for frail older people. This approach calls for developing the content of case/care management so that it involves a more salutogenic, rehabilitative and family-oriented approach. To this end it may be useful for nurses to strengthen their psychosocial skills or develop close collaboration with social workers. The outcome measures examined in this study represented one of three perspectives: the consumer's perspective, the perspective of health care consumption or the recipient's health and functional ability. Perhaps effects would be expected in all three areas and thus these should be included in evaluative studies in addition to measures for family and/or informal caregiver's strain and satisfaction