Thérèse Rouleau-Racco, Cluster et co-production d’un haut-lieu touristique par la co-habitation. Le cas de la Riviera de Rimini

Les concepts de districts industriels et de clusters sont nés du constat que, dans des régions peu métropolisées, des entreprises opérant dans un même secteur d’activité pouvaient développer des dynamiques de collaboration particulières, dues notamment à leur proximité spatiale. Théorisés pour l’industrie, ces concepts ont été transférés au tourisme, puis repris par les décideurs institutionnels comme modèles de développement touristique local. Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur le transfe..

Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk

Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P = 9.2 x 10(-20)), ER-negative BC (P = 1.1 x 10(-13)), BRCA1-associated BC (P = 7.7 x 10(-16)) and triple negative BC (P-diff = 2 x 10(-5)). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P = 2 x 10(-3)) and ABHD8 (PPeer reviewe

La riviera de Rimini : ses plages et ses “bagni”

The concept of urbanness is at the heart of research on touristic locations. Tourist beaches, like any other tourist place, have their own particular urban characteristics. When people choose them for recreation, they shape these spaces and bring out urban attributes. The beaches of the Rimini Riviera and their series of beach clubs – commonly known as “bagni” – provide an excellent case study to better understand this process. This case also illustrates how the accumulation of urbanness, through the diversification of tourist practices, spatial organization and stakeholders’ strategies, allow a tourist place to continue operating by and for tourism

Thérèse Rouleau-Racco, Cluster et co-production d’un haut-lieu touristique par la co-habitation. Le cas de la Riviera de Rimini

Les concepts de districts industriels et de clusters sont nés du constat que, dans des régions peu métropolisées, des entreprises opérant dans un même secteur d’activité pouvaient développer des dynamiques de collaboration particulières, dues notamment à leur proximité spatiale. Théorisés pour l’industrie, ces concepts ont été transférés au tourisme, puis repris par les décideurs institutionnels comme modèles de développement touristique local. Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur le transfe..

Intravenous multivitamin preparation fails to prevent the generation of hydroxynonenal in parenteral nutritive solutions

Nutrition and Health : Poster 338International audienc

Light-Induced Byproducts of Vitamin C in Multivitamin Solutions

International audienceAbstract Background: When solutions of multivitamin preparations (MVPs) are exposed to light, H2O2 as well as organic peroxides are generated and the concentration of vitamin C decreases. The aim of this study was to determine, using mass spectrometry, whether the generation of oxidative byproducts of vitamin C, such as dehydroascorbate (DHA) and 2,3-diketogulonic acid (DKG), accounted for the reported decrease in ascorbic acid in MVPs exposed to light. Methods: Mass spectrometry was used to document the formation of byproducts of ascorbic acid in solutions containing a MVP, vitamin C + riboflavin, and vitamin C + H2O2 + Fe2+. The involvement of ascorbic acid and H2O2 in the formation of organic peroxides was tested by measuring peroxide concentrations in solutions containing H2O2 with or without ascorbic acid and with or without Fe2+ before and after addition of catalase. Results: The loss of ascorbic acid in photo-exposed MVPs was associated with the concomitant generation of byproducts different from DHA and DKG. Among them, one mass fingerprint was particularly observed with solutions of vitamin C + riboflavin exposed to ambient light as well as with the solution of vitamin C + H2O2 + Fe2+, suggesting a Fenton-like reaction. This fingerprint was associated with the formation of catalase-resistant peroxides. Conclusion: Exposure of MVPs to light leads to the rapid loss of ascorbic acid and generation of specific byproducts that differ from DHA and DKG. The conversion of vitamin C into byproducts could be of biological importance in accounting for the decrease in ascorbic acid concentrations and the generation of organic peroxides in light-exposed MVPs

Ascorbylperoxide from parenteral nutrition induces an increase of redox potential of glutathione and loss of alveoli in newborn guinea pig lungs

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the main complications associated with extreme prematurity. Oxidative stress is suspected to be a trigger event of this lung disease, which is characterized by impaired alveolar development. Peroxides, mainly ascorbylperoxide and H2O2, are known contaminant of parenteral nutrition. We hypothesize that these oxidant molecules induce bronchopulmonary dysplasia development. The aim was to determine if the infusion of ascorbylperoxide, whether in presence or absence of H2O2, is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and loss of alveoli in the lungs of newborn guinea pigs. Method: Three-day-old guinea pigs received parenteral solutions containing 0, 20, 60 or 180 µM ascorbylperoxide in the presence or not of 350 µM H2O2 (concentrations similar to those measured in parenteral nutrition). After 4 days, the lungs were collected for determination of glutathione's redox potential, caspase-3 activation (an apoptosis marker), alveolarization index (by histology), activation of Nrf2 and NFκB (biological markers of oxidative stress), and IL-6 and PGJ2 levels (markers of NFκB activation). Groups were compared by ANOVA, p < 0.05. Results: Loss of alveoli was associated with ascorbylperoxide in a dose-dependent manner, without an influence of H2O2. The dose-dependent activation of caspase-3 by ascorbylperoxide was lower in the presence of H2O2. Ascorbylperoxide induced an increase of redox potential in a dose-dependent manner, which reached a plateau in presence of H2O2. Nrf2 and NFκB were activated by H2O2 but not by ascorbylperoxide. Conclusion: Results suggest that ascorbylperoxide, generated in parenteral nutrition, is involved in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, independently of the increase of the redox potential. This study underlines the importance of developing a safer formulation of parenteral nutrition

The mode of administration of total parenteral nutrition and nature of lipid content influence the generation of peroxides and aldehydes

International audienceBackground & aims: The absence of light protection of neonatal total parenteral nutrition (PN) contributes to the generation of 4-hydroxynonenal and peroxides. 4-Hydroxynonenal is suspected to be involved in PN-related liver complications. Aims: To find a practical modality to reduce 4-hydroxynonenal in PN and assess in vivo the impact of PN containing low 4-hydroxynonenal concentration. Methods: Six modalities of delivering PN were compared for the in vitro generation of peroxides and 4-hydroxynonenal: 1) MV-AA-L: light-protected (-L) solution containing multivitamin (MV) mixed with amino acids + dextrose (AA); 2) MV-AA+L: MV-AA without photo-protection (+L); 3) MV-LIP+L: MV mixed with lipid emulsion (LIP). LIP was a)Intralipid20%(R) or b) Omegaven (R). Hepatic markers of oxidative stress (glutathione, F-2 alpha-isoprostanes, GS-HNE) and inflammation (mRNA of TNF-alpha and IL-1) were measured in newborn guinea pigs infused during 4-days with MV-AA+L compounded with Intralipid20%(R) or Omegaven (R). Results: Hydroperoxides and 4-hydroxynonenal were the lowest in MV-AA L and the highest in MV-LIP+L. MV-AA+L with Omegaven (R) was associated with the lowest levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: Compared to Intralipid20%(R), Omegaven (R) reduces oxidative stress associated with PN and prevents liver inflammation. These findings offer an alternative strategy to light protection of PN, which in the clinical setting is a cumbersome modality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved

Partially purified rabbit gastric lipase: in vitro and in vivo experiments to assess its potential contribution to gastric and intestinal lipolysis

In vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken to evaluate enzyme-replacement therapy with an acid stable lipase preparation in pancreatic lipase insufficiency. Utilizing an emulsion of [1- 14C] trioleylglycerol, partially purified rabbit gastric lipase exhibited a maximal specific activity of 6.45 μmoles FFA/h, a K m of 80 mM, an optimal peak activities at pH 4.86 and 5.48, and stability in acidic medium. Although preferential lipolysis of medium chain fatty acid ester bonds was evidenced by experiments with a commercial formula (Similac R) containing 28% MCT (C 6−C 8−C 10−C 12), the gastric lipase preparation also displayed ability to split the long chain fatty acid ester bonds in a fine emulsion of triglycerides for IV use (Intralipid R). Triacylglycerol hydrolysis was enhanced either by 4 mM Na-taurocholate or 4 mM Na-glycocholate, and remained unchanged following the addition of these bile salts at 8 mM. These in vitro findings suggested that the gastric lipase preparation was biologically active under the conditions prevailing in the stomach and in the upper small intestine. To investigate its in vivo lipolytic activity exogenous rabbit gastric lipase was added to the stomach of rats with ligated pylorus and oesophagus. With long-chain triacylglycerols as substrate, a 40% increase of ester bond cleavage occurred during 1 h of intragastric incubation, relative to rats from which exogenous enzymes were excluded. Similarly, a level of 40% hydrolysis was reached into the intestine of rats with a diversion of pancreatobiliary secretions. Our studies clearly indicate that hydrolysis of dietary fat may be initiated into the stomach by exogenous gastric lipase preparation and may continue in the upper small intestine. On the basis of these findings, studies in humans with this enzyme preparation appear warranted to define its role in the management of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency who do not respond satisfactorily to currently available enzyme preparations