Caracterización de las agresiones producidas al personal sanitario del servicio de urgencias en un hospital comarcal

Objective: Workplace violence is an emerging phenomenon in occupational hazards and specifically in the health sector end emergency services. Our objective is to characterize the aggressions caused emergency personnel in a district hospital.Methods: Cross-sectional study. The study populations are workers in the emergency department. Staff was excluded under one year old. We designed a questionnaire with socio-demographic variables and characteristics of the aggressions in 2011. The response rate was 92.4%. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS 16.Results: The 58.2% of emergency personnel was attacked: 39% experienced nurses, doctors 19.5%, 17.1% administrative staff, 12.2% auxiliary sanitary, auxiliary nurses 7.3% technical of radiology 4.9%, with a significant association between professional and aggressions (p = 0.004). 40.4% of the aggressions took place in the night 31.9% in the morning and 27.6% in the afternoon.75% were verbal, 25% physical and verbal. 27.5% 4 or more suffered verbal abuse.35.8% of aggressions were committed by attendants, 18.9% of patients and 45.3% for both.71.7% did not report the attack on his high command or the prevention service.67.1% received no training in violence prevention. 69.9% do not know the protocol entity.Conclusions: Lack of specific training on the issue and dissemination of existing protocolsObjetivo:La violencia ocupacional es un fenómeno emergente en los riesgos laborales y específicamente en el sector sanitario y servicios de urgencias.Nuestro objetivo es caracterizar las agresiones producidas al personal  de urgencias de un hospital comarcal.Métodos:Estudio transversal. La población a estudio son los trabajadores del servicio de urgencias. Se excluyeron personal con antigüedad inferior a un año. Se diseñó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas y características de las agresiones sufridas durante el  2011. La participación fue del 92,4%. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva con el programa SPSS 16.Resultados:El 58.2% del personal de urgencias fue agredido: enfermería sufrió el 39%, médicos el 19,5%, personal administrativo el 17,1%, auxiliares sanitarios el 12,2%, auxiliares de enfermería el 7,3 % y técnicos de radiología el 4,9% ,con una asociación significativa entre categoría profesional y agresiones sufridas (p = 0,004).El 40,4% de las agresiones se produjeron por la noche, el 31,9% por la mañana y el 27,6% por la tarde.El 75% fueron agresiones verbales, el 25% físicas y verbales. El 27,5% sufrieron 4 o más agresiones verbales.El 35,8% de agresiones fueron cometidas por acompañantes, el 18,9% por pacientes y el 45,3% por ambos.El 71,7% no notificó la agresión a su mando superior ni al servicio de prevención.Un 67,1% no recibió formación de prevención de violencia. El 69,9% no conoce el protocolo de la entidad.Conclusiones:Falta formación específica sobre el tema y difusión de los protocolos ya existentes

In vitro developmental competence of prepubertal goat oocytes cultured with recombinant activin-A

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of activin-A during the in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) and in vitro embryo culture (IVC) on nuclear maturation, blastocyst yield and blastocyst quality of prepubertal goat oocytes. In Experiment 1, three groups of oocytes were used during the IVM of prepubertal goat oocytes to determine the optimal concentration of recombinant human activin-A added to the maturation medium. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in an IVM medium containing 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml (groups A0, A10 and A100), fertilized and in vitro cultured using standard procedures. In Experiment 2, the addition of 10 ng/ml activin-A at IVM (A10A0), IVC (A0A10) or IVM+IVC (A10A10) was studied and compared with the control group (A0A0). Results of the first experiment demonstrated that the addition of activin-A yielded similar percentages of maturation (⩽71.0%) and blastocyst formation rates (⩽24.9%) than the control group (A0). Experiment 2 showed that exposure of prepubertal goat oocytes to an IVC medium containing 10 ng/ml activin-A (A0A10) significantly increased the rates of development to the blastocyst stage, as compared with the control group (A0A0) (19.5±2.21% v. 13.1±2.37%, respectively; P<0.05). With regard to the blastocyst quality, total number of cells, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm of prepubertal goat embryos produced in the presence of activin-A did not differ significantly among experimental groups. In summary, these results indicate that supplementation of the IVC medium with activin-A enhances embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes

Cholesterol added prior to vitrification on the cryotolerance of immature and in vitro matured bovine oocytes

This study examines whether incorporating cholesterol-loaded methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CLC) in the bovine oocyte plasma membrane improves oocyte tolerance to vitrification. In vitro matured oocytes were incubated with 2 mg/ml BODIPY-labeled CLC for different time intervals in FCS or PVA supplemented medium or exposed to different CLC concentrations to examine the subcellular localization of cholesterol by confocal microscopy live-cell imaging. Subsequently, the effects of optimized CLC concentrations and incubation times prior to vitrification on early embryo development were assessed. Then, we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with 2 mg/ml CLC for 30 min before the vitrification of immature (GV) and in vitro matured (MII) oocytes on developmental competence and gene expression. Our results indicate a high plasma membrane labeling intensity after 30 min of incubation with 2 mg/ml CLC for 30 min, regardless of the holding medium used. When oocytes were incubated with 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml of CLC, intense labeling was observed at the plasma membrane after 40, 30 and 20 min, respectively. CLC pre-treatment before the vitrification of bovine oocytes did not affect subsequent cleavage and embryo development rates irrespective of CLC concentrations, incubation times or meiotic stage. However, pretreatment seems to improve the quality of embryos derived from vitrified oocytes, mainly when oocytes were vitrified at the GV stage

Continuous fungal treatment of non-sterile veterinary hospital effluent: pharmaceuticals removal and microbial community assessment

Source point treatment of effluents with a high load of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), such as hospital wastewater, is a matter of discussion among the scientific community. Fungal treatments have been reported to be successful in degrading this type of pollutants and, therefore, the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was applied for the removal of PhACs from veterinary hospital wastewater. Sixty-six percent removal was achieved in a non-sterile batch bioreactor inoculated with T. versicolor pellets. On the other hand, the study of microbial communities by means of DGGE and phylogenetic analyses led us to identify some microbial interactions and helped us moving to a continuous process. PhAC removal efficiency achieved in the fungal treatment operated in non-sterile continuous mode was 44 % after adjusting the C/N ratio with respect to the previously calculated one for sterile treatments. Fungal and bacterial communities in the continuous bioreactors were monitored as well.Authors want to acknowledge the UAB veterinary hospital staff for their kind permission and help for the samplings. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER (projects CTM2013-48545-C2 and AIB2010PT-00169) and supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2014-SGR-476 and 2014-SGR-291). The Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) is a member of the Xarxa de Referencia en Biotecnologia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. M. Badia-Fabregat and D. Lucas acknowledge the predoctoral grants from UAB and from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (AP-2010-4926), respectively. The authors also thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462 co-funded by Operational Competitiveness Programme, FEDER, and Project "BioEnv-Biotechnology and Bioengineering for a sustainable world," REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000048, co-funded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER

Productes i Usuaris: Disseny per a Tothom

Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona. Assignatura: Disseny, Curs: 2017-2018, Tutor: Marsol Valença Castell

Plant chemicals and the sexual behavior of male tephritid fruit flies

Plant compounds affect insects in many different ways. In addition to being a food source, plants also contain secondary metabolites that may have positive and negative impacts on insects. The influence of these compounds on sexual behavior, in particular, has been the focus of many recent studies. Here, we review the existing literature on the effects of plant compounds on the sexual behavior of tephritid fruit fly males. We put special focus on polyphagous species whose males congregate in leks, where females exert strong mate selection. We first summarize the main findings related to plant compounds that increase male signaling behavior and attraction of females and consequently increase mating frequency, a phenomenon that has been recorded mainly for species of Anastrepha and Ceratitis. In other tephritid species, males are attracted to phenylpropanoids produced by plants (such as methyl eugenol or raspberry ketone) that, upon encounter, are consumed and sequestered by males. These compounds, or metabolic derivatives, which normally have negligible nutritional value, are included in the pheromone and also confer advantages in a sexual context: enhanced female attraction and improved male mating success. These phenomena have been reported for several Bactrocera species as well as for Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Because many tephritid species are serious pests, the effect of plant compounds on male behavior has been explored for potential incorporation into control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). We conclude noting several factors, such as age and nutrition during larval and adult stage, that modulate the effect of plant compounds on male mating behavior as well as some prominent gaps that preclude a thorough understanding of the plant-mediated enhancement of male sexual performance and hence limit our ability to effectively utilize phytochemicals in pest control strategies.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Belliard, Silvina A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Bachmann, Guillermo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, María Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Jofre-Barud, Flavia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, M. Liza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Shelly, Todd E. United States Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Estados Unido

A pragmatic approach to negotiation and co-construction of meaning in intercultural second language acquisition

This doctoral thesis focuses on negotiation and co-construction of meaning within a pragmatic perspective. We analyse chat and videoconference exchanges within the project Telecollaboration for Intercultural Language Acquisition (TILA) in which native and non-native English and Spanish pupils at Secondary Education levels negotiate and co-construct meaning, and discuss the pragmatic mechanisms allowing to adequate interaction. We analyse the mechanisms undertaken (e.g. requests, explanations and politeness strategies) and how the presence of native speakers may affect communication, and compare the mechanisms in terms of the digital application used. The thesis includes a didactic proposal in English and Spanish aimed at enhancing pupils’ pragmatic competence and at promoting meaning negotiation and coconstruction in language acquisition. We display multimodal tasks designed to be tested in the TeCoLa project as well as classroom activities to develop students’ pragmatic competence and make them aware of the essential role that pragmatics plays in communicationAquesta tesi doctoral se centra en la negociació i la construcció mútua del significat des d'una perspectiva pragmàtica. Analitzem intercanvis amb xat i videoconferència del projecte Telecollaboration for Intercultural Language Acquisition (TILA) en què alumnat d’Educació Secundària natiu i no natiu d'anglès i espanyol negocia i construeix significat i atenem als mecanismes pragmàtics per comunicar-se adequadament. Analitzem els mecanismes que fan servir (e.g. peticions, explicacions i estratègies de cortesia) i com la presència dels parlants natius pot afectar la comunicació, i comparem aquests mecanismes atenent a l’aplicació digital utilitzada. La tesi inclou una proposta didàctica en anglès i espanyol per desenvolupar la competència pragmàtica i promoure la negociació i la construcció del significat en l’adquisició de llengües. S’hi presenten tasques multimodals dissenyades per implementar-se en el projecte TeCoLa i activitats amb què treballar la competència pragmàtica a l’aula i conscienciar l'alumnat del paper fonamental de la pragmàtica en la comunicacióPrograma de Doctorat en Ciències Humanes, del Patrimoni i de la Cultur