Uma análise sobre as desigualdades raciais e de gênero no mercado de trabalho durante a pandemia de COVID-19

A pandemia causou uma crise econômica, sanitária e social no mundo inteiro, influenciando as pessoas de diferentes maneiras. O presente trabalho analisou, utilizando dados de 2020 no Brasil, as probabilidades relativas de mulheres brancas, mulheres negras e homens negros, comparativamente a homens brancos, estarem desempregado(a)s e no setor informal, no contexto de pandemia da COVID-19. Para tal, foi utilizada uma única cross-section repetida advinda de dados da PNAD COVID19, para os meses de maio, agosto e novembro. O modelo escolhido para a análise foi o logit binomial. Os resultados encontrados apontam que há efeitos distintos entre homens, mulheres, negros e brancos. As mulheres negras e brancas tiveram menor probabilidade de estarem ocupadas do que homens brancos. Porém, as diferenças nos cargos informais entre mulheres e homens negro(a)s em comparação aos homens brancos foram explicadas somente por características observadas que distinguem esses grupos.The pandemic caused an economic, health, and social crisis worldwide, influencing people in different ways. Based on data from 2020 in Brazil, this study analyzed the relative probabilities of white women, black women, and black men being unemployed and working in the informal sector, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to white men. For this purpose, a single repeated cross section was used, derived from PNAD COVID19 data for the months of May, August, and November. The analysis method was the binomial logit, and the results indicate the existence of distinct effects among men, women, black, and white individuals. Both black and white women had a lower probability of being employed compared to white men. However, in the informal employment field, the difference between black men and women and white men was only explained by some observed characteristics that distinguish these groups

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Alcoolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão sistemática: Alcoholism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review

A Cirurgia bariátrica tem sido uma opção de muitas pessoas que visam superar a obesidade e garantir qualidade de vida e saúde. No entanto, casos de complicações clínicas após operação tem ocorrido, sendo comum a incidência de alcoolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre as causas da incidência de alcoolismo entre pacientes que foram submetidos a cirurgias bariátricas. Para o alcance dessa finalidade, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, selecionando-se fontes das bases de dados Scielo Brasil, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados em língua portuguesa, nos anos de 2017 a 2022. Realizando-se a análise dos dados concluiu-se que o transtorno do uso de álcool em pessoas submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica tem sido recorrente, especialmente entre homens de baixa renda e que fizeram a cirurgia do tipo bypass gástrico. Observou-se também que o consumo de álcool é maior no pós-operatório e que boa parte dos pacientes que se submeteu a esse tipo de cirurgia ignorava o risco de desenvolver o referido transtorno. Em função disso, boa parte dos estudos que integraram esta revisão reconhece a necessidade do acompanhamento, pela equipe de saúde, dos pacientes logo após a cirurgia bariátrica e a adesão desses ao tratamento devido, visando prevenir o transtorno do uso de álcool

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Racial and gender inequalities in the labor market during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis for Brazil

A pandemia causou uma crise econômica, sanitária e social no mundo inteiro, influenciando as pessoas de diferentes maneiras. Este trabalho analisou, utilizando dados de 2020 do Brasil, as probabilidades relativas de mulheres brancas, mulheres negras e homens negros estarem desempregado(a)s, no setor informal e contarem com parte da renda familiar advinda do Auxílio Emergencial durante a pandemia COVID-19. Para tal, foi utilizada uma única cross- section repetida advinda de dados da PNAD COVID19 (dados novos e ricos em informações sobre esse período). O modelo escolhido para a análise foi o Modelo de Probabilidade Linear. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as mulheres negras foram as pessoas mais prováveis de estarem desocupadas ao longo de 2020. Também são prováveis de estarem na informalidade e as mais prováveis de contarem com parte da renda familiar advinda Auxílio Emergencial. Palavras-chave: Mercado de trabalho. Desigualdade. COVID-19The pandemic has caused an economic, health and social crisis around the world, influencing people in different ways. This work analyzed, using 2020 data from Brazil, the relative probabilities of white women, black women and black men being unemployed, in the informal sector and counting on part of the family income from Emergency Aid during a COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a single repeated cross-section of data from PNAD COVID19 was used (new and information-rich data about this period). The model chosen for an analysis of the Linear Probability Model. The results found show that black women were the people most likely to be unemployed throughout 2020. They are also likely to be informal and the most likely to have part of their family income from Auxilio Emergencial. Keywords: Labor Market. Inequality. COVID-19Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Covid-19 e gestação: principais complicações e agravos para o binômio mãe-filho / Covid-19 and pregnancy: main complications and problems for the mother-child binomial

Desde 2019, a saúde mundial sofre com a disseminação descontrolada do Coronavírus-2. As Gestantes são consideradas, pelo ministério da saúde, grupo de risco para doença  em decorrências das alterações fisiológicas gestacionais, sua susceptibilidade a infecções intracelulares e seus distúrbios imunológicos. Isso pode levar a parto prematuro e restrição de crescimento fetal. Identificar, elencar e discutir as principais consequências danosas do Sars-Covid-19 para as grávidas e seus conceptos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura baseada em artigos publicados entre os anos de 2020 e 2021 sendo todos artigos originais e de revisão da literatura, disponibilizados nas plataformas CAPES, Scielo e PubMed nas quais foram selecionados 56 artigos dos quais 14 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão. Foram excluídos os artigos de bases de dados não indexadas e artigos repetidos. A transmissão viral vertical pode ocorrer por via transplacentária e durante o parto. A transmissão durante a amamentação é incerta. Houve aumento das   taxas de cesariana entre gestantes que tiveram a doença, assim como maior probabilidade de admissão em UTI e do uso de anestesia geral com intubação orotraqueal, aumento de indicação de parto emergencial, elevação dos riscos de eventos tromboembólicos nas gestantes e puérperas. Em relação à criança, a maioria dos recém-nascidos de mães infectadas é assintomática. Porém, quando há repercussão clínica nota-se aumento no risco de parto prematuro em cerca de 30%. Diante desse cenário, nota-se repercussões importantes no binômio mãe-feto que vão desde rotura prematura de membranas até óbito fetal

Mat Pilates training reduces blood pressure in both well-controlled hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women: a controlled clinical trial study

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the Mat Pilates training-induced responses in resting and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), blood pressure variability (BPV), and heart rate variability (HRV) in well-controlled hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. Methods Forty-seven postmenopausal women were allocated in well-controlled hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) groups. The exercise program was performed three times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention resting, blood pressure (BP), ABPM, HRV, and BPV were analyzed. Results Student’s t-test showed no difference in baseline anthropometric and resting BP values between groups. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) showed no interactions (group*time), but time (p < .05) reductions in resting systolic, diastolic and mean BP after training in both groups. Sleep ambulatory systolic, diastolic and mean BP were higher overall in the HT group (p < .05 in group effect). We also found a time effect (p < .05) with significant increases in BPV in the mean diurnal and nocturnal deviations weighted for the duration of the daytime and nighttime interval (SDdn) in systolic, diastolic and mean BP, and in the average real variability (ARV) in diastolic and mean in both groups. In addition, HRV increases (p < .05 in time effect) through the percentage of pairs of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of at least 50 ms (pNN50) after training in both groups. Conclusion Both normotensive and well-controlled hypertensive postmenopausal women may have similar Mat Pilates exercise training-induced responses in ambulatory BP, BPV and HRV