Características de los hallazgos epidemiológicos de la fisura labio palatina en nacidos vivos en el Hospital Escuela Cesar Amador Molina – Matagalpa, en el periodo 2005-2014

El siguiente estudio trata sobre la caracterización de los hallazgos epidemiológicos de la fisura labiopalatina (FLP) en niños nacidos vivos en el Hospital Escuela Cesar Amador Molina (HECAM) Matagalpa, durante los años comprendidos en el periodo 2005-2014, con el propósito de identificar las principales características de la patología en estudio, este trabajo es de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal con enfoque cualitativo- cuantitativo, con un universo de 814 niños y tamaño de muestra de 110, tipo de muestreo probabilístico, con índice de confianza del 95% y margen de error del 5%, con nivel estimado de prevalencia de 9%, calculado mediante el programa STATS versión 2.0, en el que la fuente de información fue revisión de fichas estadísticas llenadas en el área de neonatología del HECAM, encontrando los siguientes resultados relacionados al neonato, nacidos vivos con bajo peso al nacer para edad, prematuro, con microcefalia la cual corresponde con la edad gestacional, y resultados encontrados relacionado a la madre; en edad adolecente, que habían cursado algún grado de educación primaria, de procedencia rural, primípara, multípara, que no habían tomado medicamentos durante el embarazo siendo una característica ya que no se toma este como factor de riesgo, que no tomaron ácido fólico durante el embarazo, sin otros hijos con malformaciones congénitas que significa que puede ser de origen ambiental la causa y no genétic

Classroom procedures based on the multisensory approach for 6th graders to develop reading comprehension at Unidad Educativa San Francisco

Este trabajo es un proyecto de investigación basado primeramente en el estudio de la teoría del Enfoque Multisensorial. Para desarrollarlo, fue necesario analizar el estudio del Dr. Samuel TorreyOrton sobre problemas del aprendizaje, el que lo llevó a establecer un procedimiento de instrucción multisensorial. Estos y otros análisis permitieron a las investigadoras de este proyecto crear un folleto, el cual contiene lecturas e instrucciones para ser aplicadas de manera multisensorial. Es por eso que no solo se recopiló lecturas sino también material multisensorial, con el fin de enseñar a los estudiantes a través de este enfoque. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se involucró a veintiocho (28) estudiantes del sexto de básica, paralelo “B”, de la Unidad Educativa “San Francisco”. Se tomó una prueba previa a los estudiantes para medir su nivel de comprensión lectora. Después, se aplicaron los procedimientos en el aula basados en el Enfoque Multisensorial(lectura en voz alta, presentaciónde vocabulario, presentación de un video, actuación de una obra de teatro y manejo de materiales de escultura), así como se usó material multisensorial(tarjetas de memoria, videos, materiales de escultura, entre otros) para desarrollar una clase que duró ochenta (80) minutos. Este proceso se administró durante siete sesiones en un periodo de tres semanas y media. Finalmente, se aplicó una prueba posterior para verificar los logros del proyecto. Los resultados de la prueba posterior mostraron una gran mejoría en la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes.This work is a research project based on a study of the theory of the Multisensory Approach. Thus, it was necessary to learn about Dr. Samuel Torrey Orton’s study on learning disabilities, which led him to establish a multisensory instruction procedure. This and other analyses allowed the researchers of this project to create a booklet that contains readings and instructions to be applied in a multisensory manner. That is why, not only stories, but also multisensory material, were collected in order to teach students through this approach. To carry out this project, twenty-eight (28) students of 6th “B” grade from UnidadEducativa “San Francisco” were involved. A pre-test on reading comprehension was taken by the students in order to measure their reading comprehension level. After that, classroom procedures based on the Multisensory Approach (reading aloud, presenting vocabulary, presenting a video, acting out a role play, and manipulating sculpting materials) and multisensory material (flash cards, videos, sculpting materials, among others) were comprised in a single class that lasted eighty (80) minutes. This process was administered for seven sessions during three and a half weeks. Finally, a post-test was applied in order to find out the effects of the project. The results of the post-test showed great improvement in the students’ reading comprehension.Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educación en Lengua y Literatura InglesaCuenc

Una mirada a la educación para el desarrollo sostenible y el ambiente en las universidades públicas de Honduras

It’s necessary to rethink the values of the human society to recognize the ‘’Homeland’’ proposed by Edgar Morin, called sustainable development, by the language of the United Nations. This marks a trend toward policies of higher education, the behavior of the generation of knowledge and information through publications and policy statements of public universities is useful to identify national actions for this trend. In this investigation interest was identified in publications of indexed articles and institutional publication on the subject. In Honduras, educational model documents includes at levels of macrostructure and mesostructure elements that show attempts to integrate dimensions of sustainable development such as social and environmental dimension. The national efforts are being completed with the support of movements in the Central American region, such as the mainstreaming of the curriculum with the themes of climate change and risk management. KeywordsHigher education, educational politics, sustainable development, publications, public universitiesRepensar los valores de la sociedad humana para reconocer la «Tierra Patria» que propone Edgard Morín, que en el lenguaje de las Naciones Unidas se denomina desarrollo sostenible, marca una tendencia hacia las políticas de educación superior, el comportamiento de la generación de conocimiento e información a través de publicaciones y las declaraciones de políticas de las universidades públicas es de utilidad para identificar las acciones nacionales hacia esta tendencia. En esta investigación se identificó el interés en publicaciones de artículos indexados y publicaciones institucionales en el tema. En Honduras los documentos de modelos educativos incluyen, a nivel de macroestructura y mesoestructura, elementos que muestran intentos de integrar dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible como la dimensión social y ambiental. Los esfuerzos nacionales están siendo completados con apoyo de movimientos en la región centroamericana, como es el caso de la transversalización del currículo con los temas cambio climático y gestión de riesgo. Palabras claveEducación superior, educación ambiental, desarrollo sostenible, publicaciones, universidades públicas&nbsp

Microbial Growth Models in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata) Stored in Ice

"This study analyzes microbiological changes in whole, ungutted farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored for an 18-day period in ice using traditional methods for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Shewanella putrefaciens, Enterobacteriaceae, sulphide-reducing Clostridium (Clostridia), and Photobacterium phosphoreum in muscle, skin, and gills, evaluating their seasonal differentiation. Two different statistical models were used to analyze microbiological growth. Simultaneously, physicochemical parameters such as the temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total dissolved solids, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus content of growing waters were analyzed. The results showed that by the end of the storage time, specific spoilage bacteria (SSB) such as Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and S. putrefaciens as H2S-producing bacteria were dominant in sea bream harvested in temperate water in the Canary Islands. Muscle tissue had least contamination, followed by skin and gills. The values of the analyzed seawater parameters were constant during the four seasons, except that the temperature showed a small difference between winter and summer. Seasonal effects were observed among the fish analyzed, suggesting that the lower levels of contamination detected in winter may have been due to the slight difference observed in water temperature in that season.

Microbiological evolution of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in Canary Islands during ice storage

The final publication is available at Springer.This study analyses the microbiological changes with traditional methods for total mesophilic aerobic, psychrotrophic, Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Shewanella putrefaciens, Enterobacteriaceae, sulfide-reducers Clostridium and Photobacterium phosphoreum in muscle, skin and gills of whole ungutted gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored in ice during 18 days. The muscle tissue showed the minor grade of contamination, followed by the skin and the gills, with statistic significance (p < 0.001). The most prominent microorganisms in the different tissues and at the end of the storage were Pseudomonas sp. (7.76, 10.11 and 10.40 log CFU/g), Aeromonas sp. (7.49, 8.24 and 9.02 log CFU/g) and S. putrefaciens. (8.05, 7.49 and 8.05 log CFU/g) in sea bream harvested in the temperate water of the Canary Islands. The results obtained from this study can contribute to the improvement of microbiological knowledge of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) by determining the evolution of microorganisms responsible for spoilage and their counts in different tissues such as muscle, skin, and gills during iced storage

A ESTRUTURA DA REDE SOCIAL DA MÃE/ACOMPANHANTE DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA

Objective: Analyze the structure of the social network of mothers/caregivers during the hospitalization of their child. Method: Qualitative study in a pediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Ten mothers/caregivers were interviewed from February to December 2015. A theoretical-methodological framework and social network analysis by Lia Sanicola were used. Results: The primary networks were medium-sized, with strong bonds, particularly the networks for children being hospitalized for the first time. They were more numerous than those for children who had been previously hospitalized. The following secondary networks were mentioned: formal, third sector and market. No mixed and informal networks were mentioned. Conclusion: Extended and frequent hospital stays of children affect the dynamics of social networks. Over the course of hospital stays, they become smaller, but the bonds within them are strengthened. The primary healthcare network was not mentioned, due to the fact that the children had been diagnosed with chronic diseases since birth.Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura da rede social da mãe/acompanhante durante a hospitalização da criança. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, em hospital pediátrico do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistadas dez mães/acompanhantes de fevereiro a dezembro de 2015. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico e a análise de rede social de Lia Sanicola. Resultados: as redes primárias configuraram-se de tamanho médio e laços fortes, principalmente as redes das crianças que estão na primeira hospitalização, pois se mostraram mais numerosas comparadas com aquelas que já tiveram outras hospitalizações. Das redes secundárias, foram mencionadas: redes formal, terceiro setor e mercado. Não foram citadas as redes mista e informal. Conclusão: hospitalizações prolongadas e frequentes da criança interferem na dinâmica da rede social, tendo em vista que, ao longo das hospitalizações, ela se torna menor, porém com laços mais fortalecidos. A rede de atenção primária não foi mencionada e é justificada através do diagnóstico de doença crônica desde o nascimento.Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de la red social de la madre/acompañante durante la hospitalización del niño. Método: Investigación cualitativa, en hospital pediátrico de Rio de Janeiro. Fueron entrevistadas diez madres/acompañantes, entre febrero y diciembre de 2015. Se utilizó referencial teórico-metodológico y análisis de red social de Lia Sanicola. Resultados: Las redes primarias expresaron dimensión mediana y lazos fuertes, particularmente las redes de niños en su primera hospitalización, mostrándose más numerosas comparadas con las de niños previamente hospitalizados. De las redes secundarias, fueron mencionadas: red formal, tercer sector y mercado. No fueron citadas la red mixta y la informal. Conclusión: Las hospitalizaciones prolongadas y frecuentes del niño interfieren en la dinámica de la red social, considerando que, a lo largo de las hospitalizaciones, se hace menor, aunque con lazos más fortalecidos. La red de atención primaria no fue mencionada, justificándose por el diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica desde el nacimiento

Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies

Defects in ER–endosome contacts impact lysosome function in hereditary spastic paraplegia

Contacts between endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promote endosomal tubule fission, but the mechanisms involved and consequences of tubule fission failure are incompletely understood. We found that interaction between the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin and the ESCRT protein IST1 at ER–endosome contacts drives endosomal tubule fission. Failure of fission caused defective sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptor, with consequently disrupted lysosomal enzyme trafficking and abnormal lysosomal morphology, including in mouse primary neurons and human stem cell–derived neurons. Consistent with a role for ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission in lysosome function, similar lysosomal abnormalities were seen in cellular models lacking the WASH complex component strumpellin or the ER morphogen REEP1. Mutations in spastin, strumpellin, or REEP1 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a disease characterized by axonal degeneration. Our results implicate failure of the ER–endosome contact process in axonopathy and suggest that coupling of ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission to lysosome function links different classes of HSP proteins, previously considered functionally distinct, into a unifying pathway for axonal degeneration.This work was supported by grants to E. Reid: UK Medical Research Council Project Grant (MR/M00046X/1), Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Clinical Science (082381), Project Grant from United States Spastic Paraplegia Foundation, Project Grant from Tom Wahlig Stiftung, and Project Grant form UK HSP Family Group. J.R. Edgar is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 086598). T. Newton and G. Pearson are supported by the Medical Research Council PhD studentships (G0800117 and MR/K50127X/1). F. Berner was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Addenbrooke's Hospital. B. Winner is supported by the Tom Wahlig Advanced Fellowship, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01GQ113), the Bavarian Ministry of Education and Culture, Sciences and Arts in the framework of the Bavarian Molecular Biosystems Research Network and ForIPS, and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (University Hospital of Erlangen, N3 and F3). Cambridge Institute for Medical Research is supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (100140) and Equipment Grant (093026)