Estimation of growth parameters and mortality rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) population in the southern Caspian Sea

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) represents one of the most economically important fish species in the Caspian Sea. In this study, growth and mortality parameters among population of common carp was investigated. Sampling was carried out weekly, using beach seine in the south of the Caspian Sea from October 2006 to September 2007. As a contribution to elaborating management programs for common carp, the age and growth of this species was calculated via scale, growth parameters and mortality rate by length frequency data obtained from commercial fishing and research beach seines. Ten age groups were recorded from 1+ to 10+ years old, being dominated by 4 and 5 year-old fish. The growth parameters based on scale reading data by length at age analysis were FL∞= 71.52cm and K = 0.16 per year for total population, FL∞= 70.54cm and K = 0.15 per year for males, and FL∞= 72.00 cm and K = 0.16 per year for females, whereas by length frequency analysis, these values were estimated as FL∞ equals 72.0, 69.3 and 73.0cm and K equals 0.18, 0.15 and 0.18 per year for total population, males and females, respectively. The total, natural and fishing mortality rates were 0.71, 0.29 and 0.42 per year, respectively

Intestinal digestive enzyme activity under the influence of different dietary supplements methionine and lysine in the diet of Sparidentex hasta

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation on digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta. For this purpose, 180 juvenile fish with an initial average weight of 31.38 ± 1.4 g were distributed randomly in eighteen (300 L) polyethylene tanks. 6 experimental diets were prepared with different levels of methionine and lysine including control diet (without dietary methionine and lysine), Diet 1: 100% methionine; Diet 2: 75% methionine and 25% lysine; Diet 3: 50% methionine and 50% lysine; Diet 4: 25% methionine and 75% lysine; Diet 5: 100% lysine. During the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation thrice daily (8:00, 13:00 and 18:00 hours) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase and total protease were affected by different dietary levels of methionine and lysine supplementations (P<0/05). Also, the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin had shown an increasing trend with an increased amount of diet lysine while enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in treatments contains the maximum amount of methionine supplementation. According to results, the increasing of lysine in diet reduced enzyme activity of lipase. The results, showed no significant differences between experimental treatments in amylase and total protease (P<0/05). Based on the results of evaluation digestive enzymes, amino acids supplements of lysine and methionine were changed the activity of digestive enzymes in juvenile Sobaity, (S. hasta). Finally, Diet 2 with 75% methionine and 25% lysine was suggested for used by Sobaity, as to the balance of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation

Factors influencing the intention to accept advertising in mobile social networks

The aim of the article. The role and importance of advertising in today's world is no secret. Advertising can have a significant role on consumer behavioral intention. Increasing the use of mobile and social networks in mobile phones has provided a new opportunity for marketers to continuously advertise their products or services and also communicate directly with their consumers. Nevertheless, the trust of audiences on mobile advertising has been significantly reduced and people often consider mobile advertising as tool for companies deception. Given that between consumer attitude to general advertising and advertising on mobile there is a difference. It’s not clear what is consumers attitude about advertising messages on their mobile and mobile social networks and how their attitude affects consumers intention to acceptance. In order to address the influencing factors on mobile advertising acceptance the model was developed. This model examines social norms, influential factors on consumers’ attitude and intention to accept advertisements in mobile and mobile social networks. The results of the analysis. To test the research model, the data of 436 mobile users in Mashhad, Iran was collected by questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Amos software. Findings show that social norms have significant impact on usefulness and perceived ease of use of mobile advertising. Moreover, trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have positive impact on users’ attitude toward mobile advertising. Finally it was shown that perceived usefulness and attitude toward mobile advertising has impact on intention to accept mobile advertising. Subject to the fact that this medium is in its emerging stage in Iran, this research findings are interpretable and extensible. Conclusions and directions of further researches. Research findings indicate that entertainment, informativeness, irritation, credibility, personalization, permission and subjective norm impact on attitude toward mobile advertising and subjective norm, incentives and attitude toward mobile advertising impact on intention to accept positively. In the meantime, there is a significant relationship between attitude and intention to accept and consumers’ behavior toward mobile advertising. This study clearly demonstrates the prevalence of mobile advertising campaigns and provides important insights into consumers’ engagement with mobile advertising activities. This study found that successful engagement of customers in mobile marketing requires marketers focus their strategies and tactics around value creation. The findings reported in this paper should help marketers to design campaigns that focus more closely on the target audience. The topic of mobile marketing in mobile phones and mobile social networks is important to both marketing executives and marketing researchers. This paper provides results that do facilitate research efforts focused on mobile media and aid marketers in their quest to achieve mobile advertising success. This study contributes to fulfilling the need for research evidence

Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the coronaviridae that causes respiratory disorders. After infection, large amounts of inflammatory cytokines are secreted, known as the cytokine storm. These cytokines can cause pulmonary damage induced by inflammation resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death. One of the therapeutic approaches for treatment of ARDS is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). MSCs suppress inflammation and reduce lung injury through their immunomodulatory properties. MSCs also have the potential to prevent apoptosis of the lung cells and regenerate them. But our suggestion is using MSCs-derived exosomes. Because these exosomes apply the same immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects of MSCs and they don't have problems associated to cell maintenance and injections. For investigation the hypothesis, MSCs should be isolated from tissues and characterized. Then, the exosomes should be isolated from the supernatants and characterized. These exosomes should be injected into a transgenic animal for COVID-19. In the final section, lung function assessment, histological examination, micro-CT, differential leukocyte, viral load analysis, cytokine assay, and CRP level analysis can be investigated. COVID-19 treatment is currently focused on supportive therapies and no vaccine has been developed for it. So, numerous researches are needed to find potential therapies. Since the pathogenesis of this disease was identified in previous studies and can cause lung injury with ARDS, investigation of the therapeutic approaches that can suppress inflammation, cytokine storm and ARDS can be helpful in finding a novel therapeutic approach for this disease. © 202

Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with acute systolic heart failure (HFrEF): Two-center registry of acute heart failure from Iran

Background: Acute Heart Failure (AHF) is a common cause of hospitalization in many countries. Rehospitalization due to AHF is also a very important economic issue for health services. Registries for AHF have been made in many countries to characterize such patients, which have provided great information about these patients for better care. To date, there is insufficient information about these patients in Iran and their rehospitalization and short-and long-term follow-up is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to describe the results of a small registry of AHF (HFrEF) patients in Iran and their short-term follow-up. Patients and Methods: This study aimed to describe the earliest results of the AHF registry, which was started from September 2015 in two hospitals (Afshar Heart Center in Yazd and Rajaie Heart Center in Tehran). All patients with diagnosis of AHF and HFrEF were enrolled into this registry. During six months, 352 patients with diagnosis of AHF and HFrEF were entered into this registry. The patients� demographic, clinical, and Para clinical data were collected during hospitalization and they were followed up for all-cause mortality and hospitalization for three months. Patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were excluded because of their small number and incomplete data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 16 years and 76 were male. Besides, 77 of the patients had acute decompensation of chronic heart failure and 17 had new-onset AHF. Etiology of heart failure was ischemic heart disease in 52 of the patients. Additionally, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 20. Moreover, length of hospital stay was 10.5±10 days and in-hospital mortality rate was 9.7. Conclusions: This small and limited registry of patients with AHF (HFrEF) in Iran delineated these patients� characteristics with some discrepancies and similarities with western registries. Thus, a larger nationwide registry is needed for further clarification of the issue. © 2018, Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal. All rights reserved

Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with acute systolic heart failure (HFrEF): Two-center registry of acute heart failure from Iran

Background: Acute Heart Failure (AHF) is a common cause of hospitalization in many countries. Rehospitalization due to AHF is also a very important economic issue for health services. Registries for AHF have been made in many countries to characterize such patients, which have provided great information about these patients for better care. To date, there is insufficient information about these patients in Iran and their rehospitalization and short-and long-term follow-up is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to describe the results of a small registry of AHF (HFrEF) patients in Iran and their short-term follow-up. Patients and Methods: This study aimed to describe the earliest results of the AHF registry, which was started from September 2015 in two hospitals (Afshar Heart Center in Yazd and Rajaie Heart Center in Tehran). All patients with diagnosis of AHF and HFrEF were enrolled into this registry. During six months, 352 patients with diagnosis of AHF and HFrEF were entered into this registry. The patients� demographic, clinical, and Para clinical data were collected during hospitalization and they were followed up for all-cause mortality and hospitalization for three months. Patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were excluded because of their small number and incomplete data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 16 years and 76 were male. Besides, 77 of the patients had acute decompensation of chronic heart failure and 17 had new-onset AHF. Etiology of heart failure was ischemic heart disease in 52 of the patients. Additionally, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 20. Moreover, length of hospital stay was 10.5±10 days and in-hospital mortality rate was 9.7. Conclusions: This small and limited registry of patients with AHF (HFrEF) in Iran delineated these patients� characteristics with some discrepancies and similarities with western registries. Thus, a larger nationwide registry is needed for further clarification of the issue. © 2018, Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal. All rights reserved

Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran

Previous studies have shown that oesophageal and gastric cancers are the most common causes of cancer death in the Golestan Province, Iran. In 2001, we established Atrak Clinic, a referral clinic for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in Gonbad, the major city of eastern Golestan, which has permitted, for the first time in this region, endoscopic localisation and histologic examination of upper GI cancers. Among the initial 682 patients seen at Atrak Clinic, 370 were confirmed historically to have cancer, including 223 (60) oesophageal squamous cell cancers (ESCC), 22 (6) oesophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC), 58 (16) gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA), and 58 (16) gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas. The proportional occurrence of these four main site-cell type subdivisions of upper GI cancers in Golestan is similar to that seen in Linxian, China, another area of high ESCC incidence, and is markedly different from the current proportions in many Western countries. Questioning of patients about exposure to some known and suspected risk factors for squamous cell oesophageal cancer confirmed a negligible history of consumption of alcohol, little use of cigarettes or nass (tobacco, lime and ash), and a low intake of opium, suggesting that the high rates of ESCC seen in northeastern Iran must have other important risk factors that remain speculative or unknown. Further studies are needed to define more precisely the patterns of upper GI cancer incidence, to test other previously suspected risk factors, and to find new significant risk factors in this high-risk area. © 2004 Cancer Research UK

Thickness-dependent differential reflectance spectra of monolayer and few-layer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2

The research field of two dimensional (2D) materials strongly relies on optical microscopy characterization tools to identify atomically thin materials and to determine their number of layers. Moreover, optical microscopy-based techniques opened the door to study the optical properties of these nanomaterials. We presented a comprehensive study of the differential reflectance spectra of 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, with thickness ranging from one layer up to six layers. We analyzed the thickness-dependent energy of the different excitonic features, indicating the change in the band structure of the different TMDC materials with the number of layers. Our work provided a route to employ differential reflectance spectroscopy for determining the number of layers of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2

Multiplicity dependence of inclusive J/psi production at midrapidity in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

Measurements of the inclusive J/psi yield as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density dN(ch)/d eta in pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV with ALICE at the LHC are reported. The J/psi meson yield is measured at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar <0.9) in the dielectron channel, for events selected based on the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar <1) and at forward rapidity (-3.7 <eta <-1.7 and 2.8 <eta <5.1); both observables are normalized to their corresponding averages in minimum bias events. The increase of the normalized J/psi yield with normalized dN(ch)/d eta is significantly stronger than linear and dependent on the transverse momentum. The data are compared to theoretical predictions, which describe the observed trends well, albeit not always quantitatively. (C) 2020 European Organization for Nuclear Research. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe