608 research outputs found
IODP Proposal 626: "Cenozoic Equatorial Age Transect – Following the Palaeo-equator"
As the largest ocean, the Pacific is intricately linked to major changes in the global climate system that took place during the Cenozoic. Throughout the Cenozoic the Pacific plate has had a northward component. Thus, the Pacific is unique, in that the thick sediment bulge of biogenic rich deposits from the currently narrowly focused zone of equatorial upwelling is slowly moving away from the equator. Hence, older sections are not deeply buried and can be recovered by drilling. Previous ODP Legs 138 and 199 were designed as transects across the paleo-equator in order to study the changing patterns of sediment deposition across equatorial regions, while this proposal aims to recover an orthogonal “age-transect” along the paleo-equator. Both previous legs were remarkably successful in giving us new insights into the workings of the climate and carbon system, productivity changes across the zone of divergence, time dependent calcium carbonate dissolution, bio- and magnetostratigraphy, the location of the ITCZ, and evolutionary patterns for times of climatic change and upheaval. Together with older DSDP drilling in the eastern equatorial Pacific, both Legs also helped to delineate the position of the paleo-equator and variations in sediment thickness from approximately 150°W to 110°W. As we have gained more information about the past movement of plates, and where in time “critical” climate events are located, we now propose to drill an age-transect (“flow-line”) along the position of the paleo-equator in the Pacific, targeting selected time-slices of interest where calcareous sediments have been preserved best. Leg 199 enhanced our understanding of extreme changes of the calcium carbonate compensation depth across major geological boundaries during the last 55 million years. A very shallow CCD during most of the Paleogene makes it difficult to obtain well preserved sediments, but we believe our siting strategy will allow us to drill the most promising sites and to obtain a unique sedimentary biogenic carbonate archive for time periods just after the Paleocene- Eocene boundary event, the Eocene cooling, the Eocene/Oligocene transition, the “one cold pole” Oligocene, the Oligocene-Miocene transition, and the Miocene, contributing to the objectives of the IODP Extreme Climates Initiative, and providing material that the previous legs were not able to recover
Magnetization relaxation in (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic semiconductors
We describe a theory of Mn local-moment magnetization relaxation due to p-d
kinetic-exchange coupling with the itinerant-spin subsystem in the
ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As alloy. The theoretical Gilbert damping
coefficient implied by this mechanism is calculated as a function of Mn moment
density, hole concentration, and quasiparticle lifetime. Comparison with
experimental ferromagnetic resonance data suggests that in annealed strongly
metallic samples, p-d coupling contributes significantly to the damping rate of
the magnetization precession at low temperatures. By combining the theoretical
Gilbert coefficient with the values of the magnetic anisotropy energy, we
estimate that the typical critical current for spin-transfer magnetization
switching in all-semiconductor trilayer devices can be as low as .Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Rapid Communication
Event Reconstruction in the PHENIX Central Arm Spectrometers
The central arm spectrometers for the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider have been designed for the optimization of particle
identification in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The spectrometers present
a challenging environment for event reconstruction due to a very high track
multiplicity in a complicated, focusing, magnetic field. In order to meet this
challenge, nine distinct detector types are integrated for charged particle
tracking, momentum reconstruction, and particle identification. The techniques
which have been developed for the task of event reconstruction are described.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. A. 34 pages, 23 figure
Proximity effect at superconducting Sn-Bi2Se3 interface
We have investigated the conductance spectra of Sn-Bi2Se3 interface junctions
down to 250 mK and in different magnetic fields. A number of conductance
anomalies were observed below the superconducting transition temperature of Sn,
including a small gap different from that of Sn, and a zero-bias conductance
peak growing up at lower temperatures. We discussed the possible origins of the
smaller gap and the zero-bias conductance peak. These phenomena support that a
proximity-effect-induced chiral superconducting phase is formed at the
interface between the superconducting Sn and the strong spin-orbit coupling
material Bi2Se3.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Centrality Dependence of the High p_T Charged Hadron Suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV
PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p_T spectra
from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV. The truncated mean p_T
decreases with centrality for p_T > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction
of the contribution from hard scattering to high p_T hadron production. For
central collisions the yield at high p_T is shown to be suppressed compared to
binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is
monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below
30% centrality, i.e. for collisions with less than about 140 participating
nucleons. The observed p_T and centrality dependence is consistent with the
particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and
subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in
the collisions.Comment: 7 pages text, LaTeX, 6 figures, 2 tables, 307 authors, resubmitted to
Phys. Lett. B. Revised to address referee concerns. Plain text data tables
for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications
are publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/run/phenix/papers.htm
Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration
Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were
recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
(RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of
RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy,
yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse
momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical
fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results
are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state
of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be
described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted
to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response
to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures
for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available
at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Heavy Quarks and Heavy Quarkonia as Tests of Thermalization
We present here a brief summary of new results on heavy quarks and heavy
quarkonia from the PHENIX experiment as presented at the "Quark Gluon Plasma
Thermalization" Workshop in Vienna, Austria in August 2005, directly following
the International Quark Matter Conference in Hungary.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization Workshop
(Vienna August 2005) Proceeding
Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation
We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic
field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy
clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence,
which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are
observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to
the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium.
Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the
intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate
simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious
challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the
current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and
outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure
Single Electrons from Heavy Flavor Decays in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
The invariant differential cross section for inclusive electron production in
p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment
at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range $0.4
<= p_T <= 5.0 GeV/c at midrapidity (eta <= 0.35). The contribution to the
inclusive electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy
flavor, i.e. charm quarks or, at high p_T, bottom quarks, is determined via
three independent methods. The resulting electron spectrum from heavy flavor
decays is compared to recent leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD
calculations. The total cross section of charm quark-antiquark pair production
is determined as sigma_(c c^bar) = 0.92 +/- 0.15 (stat.) +- 0.54 (sys.) mb.Comment: 329 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Nuclear Modification of Electron Spectra and Implications for Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
The PHENIX experiment has measured mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra
(0.4 < p_T < 5.0 GeV/c) of electrons as a function of centrality in Au+Au
collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. Contributions from photon conversions and
from light hadron decays, mainly Dalitz decays of pi^0 and eta mesons, were
removed. The resulting non-photonic electron spectra are primarily due to the
semi-leptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy quarks. Nuclear modification
factors were determined by comparison to non-photonic electrons in p+p
collisions. A significant suppression of electrons at high p_T is observed in
central Au+Au collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks.Comment: 330 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
- …