GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare.

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits

Food webs under changing biodiversity - Top-down control

Report on effects of changing predation pressure on benthic and pelagic specie

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New Two-Dimensional S=1 Quantum Spin System Ni5(TeO3)4X2 (X = Cl, Br)

Two new transition-metal tellurium oxy-chlorides of the general formula Ni-5(TeO3)(4)X-2 (X = Cl, Br) have been isolated during the investigation of the ternary phase diagram NiO-NiCl2-TeO2. They crystallize in the monoclinic s stem, space group C2/c, and for the case of Ni-5(TeO3)(4)Cl-2 the unit cell is a = 19.5674(2) Angstrom, b = 5.2457(1) Angstrom, and c = 16.3084(1) Angstrom, with beta = 125.289(1). The structure is layered and built up of corner-connected [Ni5O17X2] entities, made of five nickel(II) octahedra associated by edge and face sharing. The tellurium(IV) atoms are fixed upon the nickel layers. Their lone pairs E and the halogen atoms are packed in a double layer perpendicular to the [010] direction. From the magnetic point of view, this system provides a new 2D S = 1 quantum spin system with antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction. The magnetic susceptibility shows anomalies pointing to magnetic ordering phenomena. The observed transition temperatures vary with the interlayer separation

Reaction of large-bite ligands with various tellurium compounds:Synthesis and structural characterization of [Te₂(μ-Cl)₂{(SPPh₂)₂N}₂], [(4-MeOC₆H₄TeCl₃)₂{μ-Ph₂P(S)CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂}] and [Te₂(μ-Ph₂PS₂)₂] representing novel types of tellurium complexes

The three title compounds have been synthesized and their structures determined by X-ray crystallography. [Te-2(mu-Cl)(2){(SPPh2)(2)N}(2)], 1, is a dinuclear square planar Te(II) complex where each Te atom is coordinated to the two sulfur atoms of the bidentate dithiolate ligand and to the two bridging chloride ligands. The Te-S bond lengths are 2.4980(8) and 2.5054(8) Angstrom, while the Te-Cl bond lengths are 2.9065(9) and 2.9230(9) Angstrom. In [(4-MeOC6H4TeCl3)(2){mu-Ph2P(S)CH2CH2P(S)Ph-2}], 2, the dithio ligand is neutral and adds a molecule of [4-MeOC6H4TeCl3] at each sulfur atom, thus bridging the two Te(IV) atoms. The coordination of both tellurium atoms is psi-octahedral with the anisyl group and a lone pair of electrons in axial positions. The Te-S bonds, 2.7747(6) and 2.8198(5) Angstrom, are surprisingly weak while the Te-Cl bonds lie in the range 2.4247(5) to 2.5343(6) Angstrom, those trans to Te-S being shortest. [Te-2(mu-Ph2PS2)(2)], 3, is a binuclear Te(I) complex, mainly held together by a Te-Te bond of 2.7298(5) Angstrom. Both anisobidentate diphenyldithiophosphinate ligands bridge the two tellurium atoms. The resulting coordination around each tellurium is best described as T-shaped with the Te-Te bond along the stem. In the asymmetric near linear S-Te-S system, the short Te-S bonds are 2.487(2) and 2.495(2) Angstrom while the long bonds are 2.947(2) and 3.033(2) Angstrom, respectively. The strongly different trans influences of the dithio ligands of 1 and 2 are discussed and it is suggested that they are dependent upon the basicity of the sulfur atoms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.</p

Appendix A. A table showing taxa recorded and included in summary connectance web, with literature documenting feeding links.

A table showing taxa recorded and included in summary connectance web, with literature documenting feeding links